ch. 19
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What were some of the methods railroad barons used to drive smaller companies out of business? | They offered secret discounts to their biggest customers, they divided the railway business among the larger companies and set rates for a region, and they bought some of the smaller businesses
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| How did railroads expand industry in the West? | Since the railroad moved west it was easier to ship products from coast to coast and railroads needed resources such as coal, steel and lumber
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| What were some developments in technology that improved railroad transportation? | The Pullman Sleeping Car-more comfortable overnight travel, The Refrigerated Car-meat could be shipped further because the train was cold, Janney Car Couplers-made it easier to link railcars, air brakes-made it easier to stop
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| Standard Gauge | the standard width of a railroad track, so trains do not have to be switched out for different sized tracks
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| Assembly Line | a production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her.
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| Mass Production | the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line
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| What were two inventions that changed the war Americans communicated with each other? | the telegraph and the telephone
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| How was transportation improved during the early 1900s? | The electromagnetic brake, The Model T, The motor-powered airplane
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| What invention(s) was/were used mostly in rural areas? | The electric incubator
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| What invention(s) was/were used mostly in urban areas? | the vacuum cleaner, the automobile, the light bulb, street cars
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| What invention(s) was/were used in both urban and rural areas? | Kodak camera, the telephone, phonograph and the telegraph, and the train
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| What invention(s) was/were used mostly by business and industry? | Telephone, light bulb, train, typewriter, airplanes, adding machine
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| What were centers of steel production in the late 1800s and why? | Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit and Birmingham, because they were near steel mines and waterways to ship goods
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| Summarize the steps that John D. Rockefeller took to gain control of the oil industry. Steps 1-3 | #1-organized Standard Oil company and acquired many of the oil refineries in Cleveland and other cities, #2-Produced and used their own tank cars, pipelines and more, #3-lowered his prices to drive competition out of business
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| Steps 4-7 | #4-pressured customers not to deal with rival companies, #5-he convinced railroad to return some of the money he payed them in exchange for his business, #6-formed a trust, #7-took control of other companies' stocks
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| How did consumers benefit from competition? | They get better quality goods at cheaper prices
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| Describe the similarities and the differences between the methods used by Rockefeller and Carnegie to build their industrial empires | Carnegie used vertical integration while Rockefeller used horizontal integration.
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| monopoly | almost total control by a single producer
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| What were the goals for the American Federation of Labor when it was founded? | higher wages, shorter hours, the right to bargain collectively with employers, and better working conditions
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| Terence Powderly | Leader of the Knights of Labor
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| Mary Harris Jones | Women labor union, spent 50 years fighting for workers' rights
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| George Pullman | when his employees went on strike he closed down the plant and persuaded General Richard Olney to get a court order to stop the strike
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| Grover Cleveland | President of the U.S., sent federal troops to Chicago to stop the Pullman Strike
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Created by:
mikey27
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