Duke PA Physiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is produced in the liver? | Bile
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| What two compartments are in the pancreas? | endocrine and exocrine
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| Where does digestion and absorption occur? | Small intestine
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| Where does secretion occur? | Salivary, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
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| What direction is the outer layer of the muscularis externa running? | longitudinally - allows for shortening of tube
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| What direction is the inner layer of the musclaris externa running? | runs around the tube - allows for contraction
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| What type of epithelium is in the esophagus? | protective
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| What type of epithelium is in the stomach? | secretory
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| What type of epithelium is in the small intestine? | absorptive
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| What layer is in between the epithelium and musclaris externa? | submucosa
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| What is the daily input from diet? | 2L
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| Where does the largest amount of absorption occur? | ileum
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| What is the secretion from the tube? | 7L
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| How much daily input arrives in the colon? | 2L
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| What is the daily output? | 0.2-0.5L in feces
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| How do you increase surface area of food? | fragmentation (chewing)
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| What 3 glands do saliva come from? | parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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| What type of saliva does the parotid secrete? | serous, mainly protein
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| What type of saliva does the submandibular secrete? | serous (protein), as well as a mucous secretion
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| What type of saliva does the sublingual secrete? | mucous - lubrication
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| What does amylase do? | starts breakdown of carbohydrate
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| What is lysozyme? | protects teeth - antibacterial action
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| What coordinates swallowing? | medulla oblongata - brainstem
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| What coordinates vomiting? | medulla oblongata - brainstem
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| Where is the cardiac section of the stomach? | near the top, small area
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| Where is the fundus of the stomach? | basically the top half
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| Where is the antrum of the stomach? | second half, top 1/4 of that area
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| What is the last region of the stomach? | pyloric
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| What do parietal cells secrete? | HCl, intrinsic factor
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| What does intrinsic factor do? | carries vit B12, allowing for uptake in the ileum
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| What do chief cells secrete in the stomach? | Pepsinogen (inactive pepsin)
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| What does the acid in the lumen of the stomach do to pepsinogen? | cleaves pepsinogen transforming it to active form, to aid in digestion
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| What do the epithelial cells secrete in the stomach? | Mucus
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| Why would you want mucus in the stomach? | protect stomach from acid
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| What region of the stomach has parietal cells and chief cells? | fundus
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| What is the common endpoint of the 3 various ways to secrete HCl? | H+ proton pump - ATPase
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| What are the 3 ways to regulate the proton pump? |
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| What does CO2 combine with to make bicarbonate? | H20
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| Where does CO2 enter the parietal cells from? | ISF
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| Where does the leftover H+ go after bicarbonate is made in the parietal cells? | goes out through the lumen by the H+ proton pump
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| What enters every time a H+ leaves through the H+ proton pump in the parietal cell? | K+
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| What enters the parietal cell every time a bicarbone leaves? | Cl-
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| Where does the Cl- in the parietal cell go? | into the lumen - H+ and Cl- make HCl in stomach
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| When is the peak acid out put after a meal? | hour and a half
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| When does the acid decrease after a meal? | 2 hours
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| Why does the pH rise in the first 30 minutes? | denatured proteins from the food buffer the system
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| Why does acid secretion decrease by 2 hours? | stomach is empty, protein is gone, no more buffer, pH returns to normal
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| What does smelling, seeing, thinking about food cause? | secretion of HCl in stomach
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| What phase is regulated by Ach? | cephalic phase
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| When Ach binds to the receptor, what happens? | proton pump is turned on, HCl production starts
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