MLT hematology set
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| What is the calculation for MCV (mean cell volume)? | HCTx10/RBC count
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| What is the calculation for MCH (mean cell hemoglobin)? | HGBx10/RBC count
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| What is the calculation for the MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration)? | HGBx100/HCT
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| What is the calculation for RDW (red cell distribution width)? | SD (size of distribution)/MCV
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| A MCV of < 80 fl is considered | microcytic
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| A MCV of >94 fl is considered | macrocytic
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| A blood sample from a 40-year-old white female has a WBC count of 10.2 × 109/L and a lymphocyte percentage of 47%. What can be concluded from this? | The patient has only a relative lymphocytosis.
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| A blood sample from a 5-month-old infant indicates a WBC count of 12.5 × 109/L with 65% lymphocytes. What can you conclude from this? | The infant is normal.
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| A peripheral blood smear has an even distribution of both normocytic normochromic cells and microcytic hypochromic cells. What is this phenomenon called | Dimorphic cell population
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| An increased red cell distribution width (RDW) usually indicates what abnormality? | Variation in erythrocyte size
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| Fetal hemoglobin is composed of what two globin chains? | Two alpha, two gamma
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| In the complete hemoglobin structure, iron is: | In the protoporphyrin ring
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| Reactive lymphocytes differ from normal lymphocytes in that the reactive form: | Is larger with an increase in basophilic cytoplasm, vacuoles, and scalloped cell shape
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| Routine hematological analysis was performed on a 21-year-old adult. The WBC was 8.3 × 109/L. This finding represents a(n): | Normal leukocyte count
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| The cellular component of blood that is involved in hemostasis is: | Thrombocyte
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| The predominant blood leukocyte found in children is the: | Lymphocyte
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| The process by which neutrophils migrate through the capillary wall into the tissues is known as: | Diapedesis.
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| The protein found in erythrocytes that is responsible for oxygen transport is: | Hemoglobin
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| What RBC inclusions cannot be seen with Romanowsky stain but can be visualized with supravital stain? | Heinz bodies
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| What characteristic that is present in promyelocytes morphologically differentiates a promyelocyte from a myeloblast? | Primary granules
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| What element is central to all the structures of a hemoglobin molecule? | iron
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| What percentage of the total blood volume is composed of formed elements? | 45
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| What structure within hemoglobin identifies the type of hemoglobin? | Globin chain
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| Which abnormal hemoglobin contains a molecule of carbon monoxide? | Carboxyhemoglobin
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| Which cell line matures and differentiates upon exposure to antigen? | Lymphocytic
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| Which component of blood passes through blood vessel walls into surrounding tissues to defend the body against invading foreign antigens? | Leukocytes
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| A CBC is performed on a polycythemic patient. What must the laboratician do to ensure that this specimen has an optimal blood smear? | of
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| A laboratory professional is reviewing differentials and notices that the last few smears appear blue. What can be done to correct this? | Change the buffer solution, which might be too alkaline
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| An increased red cell distribution width (RDW) usually indicates what abnormality? | Variation in erythrocyte size
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| An instrument printout indicates an MCV of 63 fl and an MCHC of 26 g/dl. How will the red cells appear under the microscope? | Microcytic, hypochromic
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| An instrument printout reports a WBC count of 18 x 109/L. The technologist notes 44 nucleated red blood cells. What is the corrected WBC count? | 12.5 x 10^9/L
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| Nucleated RBC correction calculation | Uncorrected WBC count x 100/ 100 + number of NRBCs
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| An instrument printout reports a platelet count of 85 x 109/L. The technologist reviewing the peripheral blood smears notices aggregates of platelets around many of the neutrophils. What is the best way to correct this problem? | Redraw the sample in sodium citrate and repeat the platelet count
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| Given an RBC count of 3.25 x 1012/L, a hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL, and a hematocrit of 25%, how will the red cells appear under PB smear examination? | Microcytic
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| The following erythrocyte indices were determined as part of a CBC: MCV 84 fL, MCH 24 pg, and MCHC 30 g/dL. What would you expect to observe on the Wright-stained peripheral blood smear? | Hypochromic, normocytic erythrocytes
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| Which of the following assays is not part of a typical complete blood count? | Plasma ferritin
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| Which of the following laboratory values would best correlate with moderate polychromasia on a peripheral blood smear? | A retic count of 8%
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| Which of the following represents a potential pre-examination error? | Performing the test on a sample from a recently transfused patient
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| A(n) __________ has purple-black granules that obscure the cytoplasm, whereas a(n) __________ contains granules that orange to red in color. (Objective 4) | basophil; eosinophil
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| Absolute cell count calculation adjusts for what variation(s)? | Total WBC and differential counts
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| Acid is used in the quantification of hemoglobin F laboratory test because: | Fetal cells are resistant to acid, which facilitates quantification of hemoglobin F.
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| All of the following can cause a leukocytosis except: | Exposure to radiation
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| An elevated hemoglobin A1C indicates that: | The patient's RBCs have been exposed to an elevated blood glucose for a prolonged period of time.
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| An elevated potassium in a hemolyzed specimen is classified as: | Preanalytical error
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| An instrument printout reports a platelet count of 85 x 109/L. The technologist reviewing the peripheral blood smears notices aggregates of platelets around many of the neutrophils. What is the best way to correct this problem? | Redraw the sample in sodium citrate and repeat the platelet count
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| An instrument printout shows a normal WBC count with a neutrophil count of 30%. What can be concluded from this? | The patient has a relative neutropenia
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| Brilliant green is used as the stain of choice for Heinz body preparation because of: | Its specificity for differentiating Heinz bodies from other inclusions
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| Choose the hemoglobin that has the highest oxygen affinity. | Hb F
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| How does the anticoagulant EDTA prevent coagulation from occurring? | Chelates calcium ions
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| Hydrodynamic focusing is used in automated cell-counting instruments to: | Prevent coincidence passage through the detection aperture
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| IL-5 is the cytokine that is required for which cell type to proliferate and terminally differentiate? | Eosinophil
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| Increased levels of Heinz bodies are seen in which of the following? | G6PD deficiency
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| Natural killer cells recognize and kill antigens with attached IgG. This mechanism is described as: | Antibody-dependent cellular activity
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| Regarding the CELL-DYN Sapphire, which parameter is determined by the impedance principle? | Platelet count
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| The 18-gauge needles used to collect donor blood for transfusion have a larger bore than do standard blood collection needles. What is the advantage of this needle? | The collection process is faster, and less hemolysis occurs.
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| The ESR determination on the MINI-VES™ instrument is based on: | Decrease in height of the erythrocyte column at a given time
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| The basophil is the least plentiful cell found in the peripheral blood. What can it indicate when it is increased in the blood? | Malignancy
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| The following erythrocyte indices were determined as part of a CBC: MCV 84 fL, MCH 24 pg, and MCHC 30 g/dL. What would you expect to observe on the Wright-stained peripheral blood smear? | Hypochromic, normocytic erythrocytes
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| The function of a microscope’s condenser is to: | Direct light onto the slide
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| The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the body: | As carbonic acid
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| The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is used as an indicator of what disease process | Diabetes
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| The microscopic examination of a Wright-stained blood smear revealed bright red erythrocytes and pale leukocyte nuclei. What is the best explanation for this appearance? | The buffer is too acidic.
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| The principle that relies on detecting resistance as cells pass through a photo-detector and is used by most of the major hematology analyzers is: | Impedance
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| The reference interval for hemoglobin varies with age. Which of the following age groups is associated with the highest hemoglobin level? | Newborns
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| The resolution of a microscope is a function of: | Numerical aperture
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| What cell has CD8 on its surface? | Cytotoxic T cell
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| What cell lineage is characterized by the presence of CD14 on its surface? | Monocytic
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| What cellular characteristic is evaluated by radio frequency? | Density
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| What characteristic that is present in promyelocytes morphologically differentiates a promyelocyte from a myeloblast? | Primary granules
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| What is the anticoagulant in the most commonly utilized tube in hematology, and how does it prevent coagulation from taking place? | EDTA; chelates calcium
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| What structure within hemoglobin identifies the type of hemoglobin? | Globin chain
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| Which analyzer does not use cyanide-free detection of hemoglobin? | Advia 120
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| Which analyzer has the ability to quantify nucleated RBCs and calculate a corrected WBC count? | Coulter LH 780
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| Which analyzer measures platelets in the same channel as reticulocytes? | Sysmex XE-2100
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| Which cell line does not have a large reserve pool in the marrow? | Monocytic
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| Which cell line is the first line of defense against helminth infections? | Eosinophil
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| Which cell line matures and differentiates upon exposure to antigen? | Lymphocytic
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| Which of the following abnormal hemoglobins is formed when iron is in the ferric state? | Methemoglobin
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| Which of the following blood vessels have the highest pO2? | Pulmonary veins
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| Which of the following describes the distribution of lymphocytes within the body? | 95% are found in the lymph nodes and spleen, 5% in the peripheral blood
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| Which of the following is a characteristic of T lymphocytes? | Cytokine secretion
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| Which of the following is a characteristic of NK cells? | They phagocytize bacteria.
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| Which of the following is associated with an increased leukocyte concentration? | Birth, pregnancy, infection
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| What term describes an absolute increase in the number of lymphocytes? | Lymphocytosis
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| Which of the following terms is used to describe an absolute increase in the number of eosinophils? | Eosinophilia
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| Which two CD markers are used to differentiate helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells? | CD4 and CD8
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| A reticulocyte count is 6%. This result is: | Increased.
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| Choose the correct order of normoblastic maturation from least mature to most mature. | Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
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| In a non anemic adult, what is the normal range for peripheral blood reticulocytes? | 0.5−2.0%
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| Increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen correlates to which of the following? | A decreased 2,3-BPG
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| maturing erythrocyte Earliest morphologically recognizable erythrocytic cell | Pronormoblast
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| maturing erythrocyte with first visible appearance of hemoglobin | Basophilic normoblast
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| maturing erythrocyte Stage when the nucleus becomes pyknotic and is extruded | Orthochromic normoblast
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| maturing erythrocyte with first stage without a nucleus | Reticulocyte
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| maturing erythrocyte with first stage without ribosomes | Erythrocyte
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| maturing erythrocyte last stage capable of mitosis | Polychromatophilic normoblast
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| Polychromatophilic red blood cells are commonly called what cell type? | reticulocyte
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| Predict the results of erythropoietin in a patient with hypoxia. | It will be increased
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| Red blood cell production begins with what cell? | Hematopoietic stem cell
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| The average RBC is what size? | 7–8 mcM
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| The deformability of the RBC membrane is attributed to which of the following? | Peripheral proteins
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| The life span of a normal erythrocyte is about: | 120 days
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| What analyte can help to differentiate between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis? | Haptoglobin
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| What effect would a deficiency in G6PD have on RBC survival? | It would decrease the survival of the RBCs.
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| Where does normal extravascular hemolysis take place? | Spleen and liver
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| Which of the following cells gives rise to the lymphoid and myeloid cells? | Multipotential progenitor cell
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| Which of the following classes of hematopoietic cells is committed to becoming an erythrocyte? | BFU-E
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| Which pathway produces the energy required for proper RBC function from ~90% of the consumed glucose: | Glycolytic
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| Which term is used to describe all cells antecedent to mature cells of a particular lineage? | Precursor cells
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| Which term is used to describe the point when two cells from the same precursor take a separate route of development? | Differentiation
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| Acanthocytes or spur cells have membranes with irregular distribution of spikes. What other significant feature does this cell possess? | Lack of central pallor
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| An increased red cell distribution width (RDW) usually indicates what abnormality? | Variation in erythrocyte size
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| An instrument printout indicates an MCV of 63 fl and an MCHC of 26 g/dl. How will the red cells appear under the microscope? | Microcytic, hypochromic
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| An instrument printout reveals an RDW of 33. Which of the following would best correlate with those results? | The presence of a dimorphic cell population on the PB smear
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| How does the mean cell volume value classify cells? | Normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic
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| How would you differentiate between an acanthocyte and an echinocyte? | The variety in length and distribution of the spikes
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| Howell-Jolly bodies are red cell inclusions associated with what disease state? | Megaloblastic anemia
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| Remnants of DNA inside an RBC produce which type of inclusion? | Howell-Jolly bodies
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| What disease state is associated with helmet cells? | Heart valve hemolysis
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| What is one of the disease states associated with the presence of target cells? | Thalassemia
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| What staining method can be used to differentiate Pappenheimer bodies from reticulocytes? | Perl's Prussian blue
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| Which RBC inclusion is characterized by diffusely staining RNA precipitate that can be seen when blood is stained with Wright′s stain? | Basophilic stippling
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| Which of the following inherited condition is considered a low risk for a venous thromboembolic event? | Sickle-cell anemia
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| Which of the following describes how platelet clumping artificially alters platelet parameters? | Increases both the PDW and the MPV
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