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Hematology
MLT hematology set
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the calculation for MCV (mean cell volume)? | HCTx10/RBC count |
| What is the calculation for MCH (mean cell hemoglobin)? | HGBx10/RBC count |
| What is the calculation for the MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration)? | HGBx100/HCT |
| What is the calculation for RDW (red cell distribution width)? | SD (size of distribution)/MCV |
| A MCV of < 80 fl is considered | microcytic |
| A MCV of >94 fl is considered | macrocytic |
| A blood sample from a 40-year-old white female has a WBC count of 10.2 × 109/L and a lymphocyte percentage of 47%. What can be concluded from this? | The patient has only a relative lymphocytosis. |
| A blood sample from a 5-month-old infant indicates a WBC count of 12.5 × 109/L with 65% lymphocytes. What can you conclude from this? | The infant is normal. |
| A peripheral blood smear has an even distribution of both normocytic normochromic cells and microcytic hypochromic cells. What is this phenomenon called | Dimorphic cell population |
| An increased red cell distribution width (RDW) usually indicates what abnormality? | Variation in erythrocyte size |
| Fetal hemoglobin is composed of what two globin chains? | Two alpha, two gamma |
| In the complete hemoglobin structure, iron is: | In the protoporphyrin ring |
| Reactive lymphocytes differ from normal lymphocytes in that the reactive form: | Is larger with an increase in basophilic cytoplasm, vacuoles, and scalloped cell shape |
| Routine hematological analysis was performed on a 21-year-old adult. The WBC was 8.3 × 109/L. This finding represents a(n): | Normal leukocyte count |
| The cellular component of blood that is involved in hemostasis is: | Thrombocyte |
| The predominant blood leukocyte found in children is the: | Lymphocyte |
| The process by which neutrophils migrate through the capillary wall into the tissues is known as: | Diapedesis. |
| The protein found in erythrocytes that is responsible for oxygen transport is: | Hemoglobin |
| What RBC inclusions cannot be seen with Romanowsky stain but can be visualized with supravital stain? | Heinz bodies |
| What characteristic that is present in promyelocytes morphologically differentiates a promyelocyte from a myeloblast? | Primary granules |
| What element is central to all the structures of a hemoglobin molecule? | iron |
| What percentage of the total blood volume is composed of formed elements? | 45 |
| What structure within hemoglobin identifies the type of hemoglobin? | Globin chain |
| Which abnormal hemoglobin contains a molecule of carbon monoxide? | Carboxyhemoglobin |
| Which cell line matures and differentiates upon exposure to antigen? | Lymphocytic |
| Which component of blood passes through blood vessel walls into surrounding tissues to defend the body against invading foreign antigens? | Leukocytes |
| A CBC is performed on a polycythemic patient. What must the laboratician do to ensure that this specimen has an optimal blood smear? | of |
| A laboratory professional is reviewing differentials and notices that the last few smears appear blue. What can be done to correct this? | Change the buffer solution, which might be too alkaline |
| An increased red cell distribution width (RDW) usually indicates what abnormality? | Variation in erythrocyte size |
| An instrument printout indicates an MCV of 63 fl and an MCHC of 26 g/dl. How will the red cells appear under the microscope? | Microcytic, hypochromic |
| An instrument printout reports a WBC count of 18 x 109/L. The technologist notes 44 nucleated red blood cells. What is the corrected WBC count? | 12.5 x 10^9/L |
| Nucleated RBC correction calculation | Uncorrected WBC count x 100/ 100 + number of NRBCs |
| An instrument printout reports a platelet count of 85 x 109/L. The technologist reviewing the peripheral blood smears notices aggregates of platelets around many of the neutrophils. What is the best way to correct this problem? | Redraw the sample in sodium citrate and repeat the platelet count |
| Given an RBC count of 3.25 x 1012/L, a hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL, and a hematocrit of 25%, how will the red cells appear under PB smear examination? | Microcytic |
| The following erythrocyte indices were determined as part of a CBC: MCV 84 fL, MCH 24 pg, and MCHC 30 g/dL. What would you expect to observe on the Wright-stained peripheral blood smear? | Hypochromic, normocytic erythrocytes |
| Which of the following assays is not part of a typical complete blood count? | Plasma ferritin |
| Which of the following laboratory values would best correlate with moderate polychromasia on a peripheral blood smear? | A retic count of 8% |
| Which of the following represents a potential pre-examination error? | Performing the test on a sample from a recently transfused patient |
| A(n) __________ has purple-black granules that obscure the cytoplasm, whereas a(n) __________ contains granules that orange to red in color. (Objective 4) | basophil; eosinophil |
| Absolute cell count calculation adjusts for what variation(s)? | Total WBC and differential counts |
| Acid is used in the quantification of hemoglobin F laboratory test because: | Fetal cells are resistant to acid, which facilitates quantification of hemoglobin F. |
| All of the following can cause a leukocytosis except: | Exposure to radiation |
| An elevated hemoglobin A1C indicates that: | The patient's RBCs have been exposed to an elevated blood glucose for a prolonged period of time. |
| An elevated potassium in a hemolyzed specimen is classified as: | Preanalytical error |
| An instrument printout reports a platelet count of 85 x 109/L. The technologist reviewing the peripheral blood smears notices aggregates of platelets around many of the neutrophils. What is the best way to correct this problem? | Redraw the sample in sodium citrate and repeat the platelet count |
| An instrument printout shows a normal WBC count with a neutrophil count of 30%. What can be concluded from this? | The patient has a relative neutropenia |
| Brilliant green is used as the stain of choice for Heinz body preparation because of: | Its specificity for differentiating Heinz bodies from other inclusions |
| Choose the hemoglobin that has the highest oxygen affinity. | Hb F |
| How does the anticoagulant EDTA prevent coagulation from occurring? | Chelates calcium ions |
| Hydrodynamic focusing is used in automated cell-counting instruments to: | Prevent coincidence passage through the detection aperture |
| IL-5 is the cytokine that is required for which cell type to proliferate and terminally differentiate? | Eosinophil |
| Increased levels of Heinz bodies are seen in which of the following? | G6PD deficiency |
| Natural killer cells recognize and kill antigens with attached IgG. This mechanism is described as: | Antibody-dependent cellular activity |
| Regarding the CELL-DYN Sapphire, which parameter is determined by the impedance principle? | Platelet count |
| The 18-gauge needles used to collect donor blood for transfusion have a larger bore than do standard blood collection needles. What is the advantage of this needle? | The collection process is faster, and less hemolysis occurs. |
| The ESR determination on the MINI-VES™ instrument is based on: | Decrease in height of the erythrocyte column at a given time |
| The basophil is the least plentiful cell found in the peripheral blood. What can it indicate when it is increased in the blood? | Malignancy |
| The following erythrocyte indices were determined as part of a CBC: MCV 84 fL, MCH 24 pg, and MCHC 30 g/dL. What would you expect to observe on the Wright-stained peripheral blood smear? | Hypochromic, normocytic erythrocytes |
| The function of a microscope’s condenser is to: | Direct light onto the slide |
| The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the body: | As carbonic acid |
| The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is used as an indicator of what disease process | Diabetes |
| The microscopic examination of a Wright-stained blood smear revealed bright red erythrocytes and pale leukocyte nuclei. What is the best explanation for this appearance? | The buffer is too acidic. |
| The principle that relies on detecting resistance as cells pass through a photo-detector and is used by most of the major hematology analyzers is: | Impedance |
| The reference interval for hemoglobin varies with age. Which of the following age groups is associated with the highest hemoglobin level? | Newborns |
| The resolution of a microscope is a function of: | Numerical aperture |
| What cell has CD8 on its surface? | Cytotoxic T cell |
| What cell lineage is characterized by the presence of CD14 on its surface? | Monocytic |
| What cellular characteristic is evaluated by radio frequency? | Density |
| What characteristic that is present in promyelocytes morphologically differentiates a promyelocyte from a myeloblast? | Primary granules |
| What is the anticoagulant in the most commonly utilized tube in hematology, and how does it prevent coagulation from taking place? | EDTA; chelates calcium |
| What structure within hemoglobin identifies the type of hemoglobin? | Globin chain |
| Which analyzer does not use cyanide-free detection of hemoglobin? | Advia 120 |
| Which analyzer has the ability to quantify nucleated RBCs and calculate a corrected WBC count? | Coulter LH 780 |
| Which analyzer measures platelets in the same channel as reticulocytes? | Sysmex XE-2100 |
| Which cell line does not have a large reserve pool in the marrow? | Monocytic |
| Which cell line is the first line of defense against helminth infections? | Eosinophil |
| Which cell line matures and differentiates upon exposure to antigen? | Lymphocytic |
| Which of the following abnormal hemoglobins is formed when iron is in the ferric state? | Methemoglobin |
| Which of the following blood vessels have the highest pO2? | Pulmonary veins |
| Which of the following describes the distribution of lymphocytes within the body? | 95% are found in the lymph nodes and spleen, 5% in the peripheral blood |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of T lymphocytes? | Cytokine secretion |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of NK cells? | They phagocytize bacteria. |
| Which of the following is associated with an increased leukocyte concentration? | Birth, pregnancy, infection |
| What term describes an absolute increase in the number of lymphocytes? | Lymphocytosis |
| Which of the following terms is used to describe an absolute increase in the number of eosinophils? | Eosinophilia |
| Which two CD markers are used to differentiate helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells? | CD4 and CD8 |
| A reticulocyte count is 6%. This result is: | Increased. |
| Choose the correct order of normoblastic maturation from least mature to most mature. | Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte |
| In a non anemic adult, what is the normal range for peripheral blood reticulocytes? | 0.5−2.0% |
| Increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen correlates to which of the following? | A decreased 2,3-BPG |
| maturing erythrocyte Earliest morphologically recognizable erythrocytic cell | Pronormoblast |
| maturing erythrocyte with first visible appearance of hemoglobin | Basophilic normoblast |
| maturing erythrocyte Stage when the nucleus becomes pyknotic and is extruded | Orthochromic normoblast |
| maturing erythrocyte with first stage without a nucleus | Reticulocyte |
| maturing erythrocyte with first stage without ribosomes | Erythrocyte |
| maturing erythrocyte last stage capable of mitosis | Polychromatophilic normoblast |
| Polychromatophilic red blood cells are commonly called what cell type? | reticulocyte |
| Predict the results of erythropoietin in a patient with hypoxia. | It will be increased |
| Red blood cell production begins with what cell? | Hematopoietic stem cell |
| The average RBC is what size? | 7–8 mcM |
| The deformability of the RBC membrane is attributed to which of the following? | Peripheral proteins |
| The life span of a normal erythrocyte is about: | 120 days |
| What analyte can help to differentiate between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis? | Haptoglobin |
| What effect would a deficiency in G6PD have on RBC survival? | It would decrease the survival of the RBCs. |
| Where does normal extravascular hemolysis take place? | Spleen and liver |
| Which of the following cells gives rise to the lymphoid and myeloid cells? | Multipotential progenitor cell |
| Which of the following classes of hematopoietic cells is committed to becoming an erythrocyte? | BFU-E |
| Which pathway produces the energy required for proper RBC function from ~90% of the consumed glucose: | Glycolytic |
| Which term is used to describe all cells antecedent to mature cells of a particular lineage? | Precursor cells |
| Which term is used to describe the point when two cells from the same precursor take a separate route of development? | Differentiation |
| Acanthocytes or spur cells have membranes with irregular distribution of spikes. What other significant feature does this cell possess? | Lack of central pallor |
| An increased red cell distribution width (RDW) usually indicates what abnormality? | Variation in erythrocyte size |
| An instrument printout indicates an MCV of 63 fl and an MCHC of 26 g/dl. How will the red cells appear under the microscope? | Microcytic, hypochromic |
| An instrument printout reveals an RDW of 33. Which of the following would best correlate with those results? | The presence of a dimorphic cell population on the PB smear |
| How does the mean cell volume value classify cells? | Normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic |
| How would you differentiate between an acanthocyte and an echinocyte? | The variety in length and distribution of the spikes |
| Howell-Jolly bodies are red cell inclusions associated with what disease state? | Megaloblastic anemia |
| Remnants of DNA inside an RBC produce which type of inclusion? | Howell-Jolly bodies |
| What disease state is associated with helmet cells? | Heart valve hemolysis |
| What is one of the disease states associated with the presence of target cells? | Thalassemia |
| What staining method can be used to differentiate Pappenheimer bodies from reticulocytes? | Perl's Prussian blue |
| Which RBC inclusion is characterized by diffusely staining RNA precipitate that can be seen when blood is stained with Wright′s stain? | Basophilic stippling |
| Which of the following inherited condition is considered a low risk for a venous thromboembolic event? | Sickle-cell anemia |
| Which of the following describes how platelet clumping artificially alters platelet parameters? | Increases both the PDW and the MPV |
Created by:
Mwortman
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