Med Surg Chapter 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Fluid balance is controlled by | kidneys
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| If the fluid pressure is high such as in CHF or fluid overload | less ADH is released
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| If fluid pressure is down | more ADH is released
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| Active transport | Fuel is needed ATP (adenosine triphosphate), Example: sodium and potassium pump.They need ATP to move
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| Passive transport | No energy is required. Diffusion, Filtration, Osmosis
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| Diffusion | movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| Filtration | the movement of small molecules and water through an area that is semipermeable
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| Osmosis | movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
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| Three types of tonicity | isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic
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| Tonicity is based on: | blood
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| isotonic | same osmolality as blood
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| hypertonic | higher or greater osmolality
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| hypotonic | lower osmolality
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| another word for dehydration | hypovolemia
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| sensible loss examples | urinating
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| insensible loss examples | sweating and breathing
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| Adults lose how much fluid in 24 hours? | 2,500 ml
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| People at risk for dehydration | children, older adults, infants
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| Adults need how much fluid a day? | 30 ml/kg
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| Signs of dehydration | • Thirst
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Low BP
• Dry Skin and mucous membranes
• Skin tenting
• Decreased urine output (less than 30 ml/hr)
• Increased temperature
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| During dehydration how is the creatinine and BUN? | Elevated
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| Signs of Fluid Excess | • Bounding pulse
• Elevated BP
• Respiratory changes (crackles, labored breathing, shallow)
• Edema
• Increased urine output
• Weight gain
• Heart failure (posterior lower lobes first)
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