Chapter 19
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| geocentric theory | the theory that the earth is the center of the universe, and the sun, moon, and planets revolve around earth
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| Scientific Revolution | the posing and testing of theories about the natural world that began in the mid-1500s in Europe
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| scientific method | a five-step process used to investigate scientific hypotheses
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| Rene Descartes | French scholar who used reason- logic and math - to prove basic truths
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| Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer who recognized the inaccuracy of the geocentric theory; his complete model of the solar system supported the heliocentric theory
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| heliocentric theory | the theory that the sun is near the center of the universe and the earth rotates around the sun
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| Galileo Galilei | Italian astronomer who built the first telescope and published a book that supported Galileo's heliocentric theory, and stood trial for heresy
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| Isaac Newton | English scientist, developed the universal laws of gravity and motion
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| Enlightenment | the time during which philosophers emphasized the use of reason to understand the truth, also known as the Age of Reason
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| salons | social gatherings at which writers, artists, and thinkers discussed their ideas
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| social contract | the arrangement between individuals and their government: people give up some of their personal freedoms in exchange for order, peace, and safety
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| John Locke | political philosopher whose ideas about government later influenced the writer of the Constitution
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | thinker who believed people were naturally good but society corrupts
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| Baron de Montesquieu | writer who argued in favor of separation of power and checks and balanced in government
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| philosophes | French term for the philosophers of the Enlightenment
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| Voltaire | Witty French writer who supported justice, liberty, and religious tolerance
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| enlightened despots | rulers inspired by the Enlightenment to make social reforms
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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