Ch 17: Disease and Reistance
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active immunity | the immune system responds to antigen by producing antibodies and specific lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Acute period | The phase of disease in which specific symptoms occur and the disease is at its height
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody | a highly specific protein produced by the body in response to a foreign substance
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody-mediated immunity | the form of acquired immunity conferred to an individual through the activity of B cells and the production of antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen | a substance that stimulates an immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen binding site | the region on antibody that binds to an antigen
🗑
|
||||
| Antigenic determinant | a section of an antigen molecule that binds to the antibody binding site and stimulates an immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Epitope | a section of an antigen molecule that binds to the antibody binding site and stimulates an immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Antitoxin | an antibody produced by the body that circulates in the blood stream to provide protection against toxins by neutralizing them
🗑
|
||||
| Avirulent | referring to an organism that is not likely to cause disease
🗑
|
||||
| Biological vector | an infected arthropod that transmits disease-causing organisms between hosts
🗑
|
||||
| B lymphocyte | a white blood cell that matures into memory cells and plasma cells that secrete antibody
🗑
|
||||
| Carrier | an individual that has recovered from a disease but retains and continues to shed the infectious agent
🗑
|
||||
| Cell mediated immunity | the body’s ability to resist infection through the activity of T-lymphocyte recognition of antigen peptides presented on macrophages and dendritic cells and on infected cells
🗑
|
||||
| Commensalism | a close an permanent association between two species of organisms in which one species benefits and the other remains unharmed or unaffected
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T cells | The type of T-lymphocyte that searches out and destroys infected cells
🗑
|
||||
| Diagnosis | the process of identifying a disease, illness or problem by examining an individual
🗑
|
||||
| Direct contact | the form of disease transmission involving close association between hosts
🗑
|
||||
| Droplet | an airborne particle of mucus and sputum from the respiratory tract that contains disease-causing microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| Endemic | referring to a constant presence of disease or persistence of an infectious agent at low levels in a population
🗑
|
||||
| Endotoxin | a metabolic poison, produced chiefly by gram-negative bacteria that are part of the bacterial cell wall, composed of lipid-polysaccharide-protein complexes
🗑
|
||||
| Fecal-oral route | a route of disease transmission, where pathogens in fecal material pass from one person and are introduced into the oral cavity of another person
🗑
|
||||
| Fever | an abnormally high body temperature that is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection
🗑
|
||||
| Fomite | an inanimate object that carries disease organisms
🗑
|
||||
| Heavy chain | the larger polypeptide in an antibody molecule
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T cell | A T-lymphocyte that enhances the activity of B-lymphocytes and stimulates destruction of macrophages infected with bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| Host | an organism infected by a pathogen
🗑
|
||||
| Hyaluronidase | an enzyme that digests hyaluronic acid and thereby permits the penetration of pathogens through connective tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Incubation period | the time that elapses between the entry of a pathogen into the host and the appearance of signs and symptoms
🗑
|
||||
| Indirect contact | the mode of disease transmission involving nonliving objects
🗑
|
||||
| Infection | The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body
🗑
|
||||
| Infectious dose | the number of microorganisms needed to bring about infection
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammation | a nonspecific defense response to injury; usually characterized by redness, warmth, swelling and pain
🗑
|
||||
| Interferon | an antiviral protein produced by body cells upon exposure to viruses
🗑
|
||||
| Invasiveness | the ability of a pathogen to spread from one point to adjacent areas in the host and cause structural damage to those tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Light chain | a smaller polypeptide in an antibody
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocyte | a type of white blood cell that functions in the immune system
🗑
|
||||
| Lysozyme | an enzyme found in tears and saliva that digests the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacterial cell walls
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophage | a large cell derived from monocytes that is found within various tissues and actively engulfs foreign material
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanical vector | a living organisms, or object, that transmits disease agents on its surface
🗑
|
||||
| Memory B cell | a cell derived from B lymphocytes that reacts rapidly upon re-exposure to an antigen
🗑
|
||||
| Memory T cell | a cell derived from T lymphocytes that reacts rapidly upon re-exposure to an antigen
🗑
|
||||
| Mucus | a sticky secretion of viscous fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Mucous membrane | a moist lining in the body passages of all mammals that contains mucus-secreting cells and is directly or indirectly to the external environment
🗑
|
||||
| Mutualism | a close and permanent association between two populations if organisms in which both benefit from the association
🗑
|
||||
| Opportunistic | referring to pathogens that only cause disease when the person’s immune system is weakened
🗑
|
||||
| Outbreak | a small, localized epidemic
🗑
|
||||
| Pandemic | refers to a disease occurring over a wide geographic area (worldwide) and affecting a substantial proportion of the global population
🗑
|
||||
| Parasitism | a close association between two organisms in which one (the parasite) feeds on the other (the host) and may cause injury to the host
🗑
|
||||
| Passive immunity | the temporary immunity that comes from receiving antibodies from another source
🗑
|
||||
| Pathogenicity | the ability of a disease-causing agent to gain entry to a host and bring about a physiological or anatomical change interpreted as disease
🗑
|
||||
| Period of convalescence | the phase of disease during which the body’s systems return to normal
🗑
|
||||
| Period of decline | the phase of disease during which the symptoms subside
🗑
|
||||
| Phagocyte | a white blood cell capable of engulfing and destroying foreign materials or cells
🗑
|
||||
| Phagocytosis | a process by which foreign material or cells are taken into a white blood cell and destroyed
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma cell | an antibody-producing cell derived from B lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Portal of entry | the site at which a pathogen enters the host
🗑
|
||||
| Portal of exit | the site at which a pathogen exits the host
🗑
|
||||
| Probiotic | living microbes that help reestablish or maintain the human microbiota of the gut
🗑
|
||||
| Prodromal phase | the phase of disease during which general symptoms occur in the body
🗑
|
||||
| Pyrogen | a fever producing substance
🗑
|
||||
| Reservoir | the location or organism where disease-causing agents exist and maintain their ability for infection
🗑
|
||||
| Serum | the fluid portion of the blood consisting of water, minerals, salts, proteins, and other organic substances including antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| Sign | a indication of the presence of a disease
🗑
|
||||
| Symbiosis | an interrelationship between two populations of organisms where there is a close permanent association
🗑
|
||||
| Symptom | an indication of some disease or other disorder that is experienced by the patient
🗑
|
||||
| Syndrome | a collection of signs or symptoms that together are characteristic of a disease
🗑
|
||||
| T lymphocyte | a type of white blood cell that matures in the thymus gland and is associated with cell-mediated immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Toxin | a poisonous chemical substance produced by an organism
🗑
|
||||
| Toxoid | a preparation of microbial toxin that has been rendered harmless by chemical treatment but that is capable of stimulating antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| Virulence | the degree to which a pathogen is capable of causing a disease
🗑
|
||||
| zoonosis | a disease spread from another animal to humans
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
drmicro
Popular Biology sets