CCNA 3-4 Commands
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| CAM | Content Addressable Memory in a Switch
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| Store and Forward | Entire frame is stored in memory, checked, and then sent to it's destination
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| Cut Through | Frame is forwarded before all of it is received
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| CRC | Cyclic Redundancy Check
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| FCS | Frame Check Sequence
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| Fast Forward | Frame is forwarded as soon as destination MAC is received
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| Fragment Free | First 64 bytes are read before forwarded to prevent runts
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| Adaptive Cut Through | Starts switching Fast Forward, but changes to Store and Forward if there are a lot of errors
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| STP | Spanning Tree Protocol
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| BPDU | Bridge Protocol Data Units used by STP by multicasting to other switches every 2 seconds
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| STP Port Power On States | Blocking (solid amber), Listening (blinking amber), Learning (blinking amber), Forwarding (blinking green)
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| Root Bridge | The focal point switch that is elected based on Bridge ID (BID)
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| BID | Bridge ID=Bridge Priority + MAC address, lower BID wins. Same BID, lower MAC wins
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| Root Port | Least cost path back to the root bridge
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| Designated Port | Not the least cost path back to the root bridge
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| Blocked Port | Does not forward traffic (not the same as disabled port)
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| STP PortFast | Access port enters forwarding state immediately
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| STP UplinkFast | Accelerates the choice of a root port
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| STP BackboneFast | Provides fast convergence after a STP topology change
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| Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE | IEEE 802.1D
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| Rapid STP IEEE | IEEE 802.1w
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| RSTP | Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (not proprietary like PortFast)
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| RSTP Port States | discarding, learning, forwarding
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| VMPS | VLAN Management Policy Server
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| Management VLAN | VLAN 1, aka native VLAN
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| Frame Tagging | VLAN ID is inserted into the ethernet frame
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| Frame Tagging Standard | IEEE 802.1Q aka dot1q
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| VLAN functions | Limits size of broadcast domains, improves network performance, provides security
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| ISL | Cisco proprietary frame tagging standard "Inter-Switch Link"
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| Where untagged frames go | VLAN 1
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| ACL | Access Control Lists
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| Standard ACL | ACL based on Source IP in Packet. 1-99
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| Extended ACL | ACL based on SRC, DEST, protocol. 100-199
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| Named ACL | NACL referenced by a descriptive name rather than a number
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| BCP | Business Continuity Plan
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| BSP | Business Security Plan
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| NMP | Network Maintenance Plan
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| SLA | Service Level Agreement
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| IDF | Intermediate Distribution Facility
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| MDF | Main Distribution Facility
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| Microsegment | A connection between ports on a switch made by a virtual circuit
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| VTP | Vlan Trunking Protocol, layer 2, distributes vlan database
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| Hierarchical Addressing | Address structure where branches of a network are subnets of the larger network
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| Route Aggregation | syn: Route summarization
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| Quad Zero Route | 0.0.0.0
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| Distance Vector Protocols | Routing Protocols where routers rely on their direct neighbor for information about where other networks are located.
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| RIPng | RIP Next Generation, 15 hops max, split horizon and poison reverse,
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| RIPv2 | Classless routing, VLSM, CIDR, authentication, multicasts every 30s, AD=120, UDP520
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| RIPv1 | Classful routing, automatic summary, broadcasts every 30 s, AD=120, UDP520
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| split horizon | router does not send routing info from the interface it came in on
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| route poisoning | setting the route to 16 to stop traffic on route to break loops
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| poisoned reverse | setting network or subnet to "unreachable" to break loops
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| holdown | a router stops sending or receiving info for a set amount of time to remove bad routes.
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| RIP request | requesting RIP neighbors to report routes
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| RIP response | RIP router sends out responses to RIP requests
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| triggered update | RIP router sends out it's routing table update
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| EIGRP advantages | Cisco only, VLSM, DUAL, fast convergence, loop free, composite metric, hello packets
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| DUAL | Diffusing Update Algorithm
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| Admin Dist of RIP | 120
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| Admin Dist of EIGRP | 90
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| Admin Dist of Static | 1
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| Admin Dist of Connected | 0
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| Admin Dist of OSPF | 110
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| EIGRP Tables | Neighbor, Topology, Routing
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| EIGRP update interval | every 5s on faster than T1, 60s on T1 or slower
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| EIGRP Packets | Ack, Update, Query, Reply
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| RTP | Reliable Transport Protocol works on proprietary Layer 4
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| PDM | Protocol Dependent Module
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| EIGRP Metrics | delay, reliability, load
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| EIGRP FD | Feasible Distance (the best path)
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| EIGRP AD | Advertised Distance (the best path from a neighbor)
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| EIGRP RD | Reported Distance
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| RIPv2 multicast addr | 224.0.0.9 every 30s
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| default RIPv2 timeout | 180s
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| NULL0 Interface | EIGRIP Summarization Interface
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| Local Loop | The last mile
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| DS0 | Digital Signal Level 0 = 56K
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| DS1 | 24 DS0s = T1 = 1.544 Mbps
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| DS3 | 28 DS1s = T3 = 44.736 Mbps
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| HDLC | High Level Data Link Control
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| TDM | Time Division Multiplexing (no regard for empty packets)
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| STDM | Statistical-Time Division Multiplexing (empty packets are not sent)
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| Cell Switching | A variation of Packet Switching, where packets are uniform size
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| SVC | Switched Virtual Circuit (a circuit is set up in a packet switched network and torn down on demand)
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| PVC | Permanent Virtual Circuit (permanent circuit in a packet switched network)
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| SONET | Synchronous Optical Network
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| SDH | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
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| POS | Packet over SONET
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| DWDM | Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
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| PPP LCP | Link Control Protocol (establishes point to point links)
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| PPP NCP | Network Control Protocol (connects the Layer 2 PPP to Layer 3)
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| IPCP | IP Control Protocol (NCP for IP)
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| IPXCP | IPX Control Protocol (NCP for IPX)
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| PPP Session steps | Link Establishment, Authentication, NCP Negotiation
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| PAP | Password Authentication Protocol
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| CHAP | Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
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| DLCI | Data Link Connection Identifier in Frame Relay
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| Inverse ARP | Maps DLCI number to a remote IP address
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| LMI | Local Management Interface-signaling standard between DTE and Frame Relay switch
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| CIR | Comitted Information Rate
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