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CCNA 3-4 Commands
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CAM | Content Addressable Memory in a Switch |
| Store and Forward | Entire frame is stored in memory, checked, and then sent to it's destination |
| Cut Through | Frame is forwarded before all of it is received |
| CRC | Cyclic Redundancy Check |
| FCS | Frame Check Sequence |
| Fast Forward | Frame is forwarded as soon as destination MAC is received |
| Fragment Free | First 64 bytes are read before forwarded to prevent runts |
| Adaptive Cut Through | Starts switching Fast Forward, but changes to Store and Forward if there are a lot of errors |
| STP | Spanning Tree Protocol |
| BPDU | Bridge Protocol Data Units used by STP by multicasting to other switches every 2 seconds |
| STP Port Power On States | Blocking (solid amber), Listening (blinking amber), Learning (blinking amber), Forwarding (blinking green) |
| Root Bridge | The focal point switch that is elected based on Bridge ID (BID) |
| BID | Bridge ID=Bridge Priority + MAC address, lower BID wins. Same BID, lower MAC wins |
| Root Port | Least cost path back to the root bridge |
| Designated Port | Not the least cost path back to the root bridge |
| Blocked Port | Does not forward traffic (not the same as disabled port) |
| STP PortFast | Access port enters forwarding state immediately |
| STP UplinkFast | Accelerates the choice of a root port |
| STP BackboneFast | Provides fast convergence after a STP topology change |
| Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE | IEEE 802.1D |
| Rapid STP IEEE | IEEE 802.1w |
| RSTP | Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (not proprietary like PortFast) |
| RSTP Port States | discarding, learning, forwarding |
| VMPS | VLAN Management Policy Server |
| Management VLAN | VLAN 1, aka native VLAN |
| Frame Tagging | VLAN ID is inserted into the ethernet frame |
| Frame Tagging Standard | IEEE 802.1Q aka dot1q |
| VLAN functions | Limits size of broadcast domains, improves network performance, provides security |
| ISL | Cisco proprietary frame tagging standard "Inter-Switch Link" |
| Where untagged frames go | VLAN 1 |
| ACL | Access Control Lists |
| Standard ACL | ACL based on Source IP in Packet. 1-99 |
| Extended ACL | ACL based on SRC, DEST, protocol. 100-199 |
| Named ACL | NACL referenced by a descriptive name rather than a number |
| BCP | Business Continuity Plan |
| BSP | Business Security Plan |
| NMP | Network Maintenance Plan |
| SLA | Service Level Agreement |
| IDF | Intermediate Distribution Facility |
| MDF | Main Distribution Facility |
| Microsegment | A connection between ports on a switch made by a virtual circuit |
| VTP | Vlan Trunking Protocol, layer 2, distributes vlan database |
| Hierarchical Addressing | Address structure where branches of a network are subnets of the larger network |
| Route Aggregation | syn: Route summarization |
| Quad Zero Route | 0.0.0.0 |
| Distance Vector Protocols | Routing Protocols where routers rely on their direct neighbor for information about where other networks are located. |
| RIPng | RIP Next Generation, 15 hops max, split horizon and poison reverse, |
| RIPv2 | Classless routing, VLSM, CIDR, authentication, multicasts every 30s, AD=120, UDP520 |
| RIPv1 | Classful routing, automatic summary, broadcasts every 30 s, AD=120, UDP520 |
| split horizon | router does not send routing info from the interface it came in on |
| route poisoning | setting the route to 16 to stop traffic on route to break loops |
| poisoned reverse | setting network or subnet to "unreachable" to break loops |
| holdown | a router stops sending or receiving info for a set amount of time to remove bad routes. |
| RIP request | requesting RIP neighbors to report routes |
| RIP response | RIP router sends out responses to RIP requests |
| triggered update | RIP router sends out it's routing table update |
| EIGRP advantages | Cisco only, VLSM, DUAL, fast convergence, loop free, composite metric, hello packets |
| DUAL | Diffusing Update Algorithm |
| Admin Dist of RIP | 120 |
| Admin Dist of EIGRP | 90 |
| Admin Dist of Static | 1 |
| Admin Dist of Connected | 0 |
| Admin Dist of OSPF | 110 |
| EIGRP Tables | Neighbor, Topology, Routing |
| EIGRP update interval | every 5s on faster than T1, 60s on T1 or slower |
| EIGRP Packets | Ack, Update, Query, Reply |
| RTP | Reliable Transport Protocol works on proprietary Layer 4 |
| PDM | Protocol Dependent Module |
| EIGRP Metrics | delay, reliability, load |
| EIGRP FD | Feasible Distance (the best path) |
| EIGRP AD | Advertised Distance (the best path from a neighbor) |
| EIGRP RD | Reported Distance |
| RIPv2 multicast addr | 224.0.0.9 every 30s |
| default RIPv2 timeout | 180s |
| NULL0 Interface | EIGRIP Summarization Interface |
| Local Loop | The last mile |
| DS0 | Digital Signal Level 0 = 56K |
| DS1 | 24 DS0s = T1 = 1.544 Mbps |
| DS3 | 28 DS1s = T3 = 44.736 Mbps |
| HDLC | High Level Data Link Control |
| TDM | Time Division Multiplexing (no regard for empty packets) |
| STDM | Statistical-Time Division Multiplexing (empty packets are not sent) |
| Cell Switching | A variation of Packet Switching, where packets are uniform size |
| SVC | Switched Virtual Circuit (a circuit is set up in a packet switched network and torn down on demand) |
| PVC | Permanent Virtual Circuit (permanent circuit in a packet switched network) |
| SONET | Synchronous Optical Network |
| SDH | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy |
| POS | Packet over SONET |
| DWDM | Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing |
| PPP LCP | Link Control Protocol (establishes point to point links) |
| PPP NCP | Network Control Protocol (connects the Layer 2 PPP to Layer 3) |
| IPCP | IP Control Protocol (NCP for IP) |
| IPXCP | IPX Control Protocol (NCP for IPX) |
| PPP Session steps | Link Establishment, Authentication, NCP Negotiation |
| PAP | Password Authentication Protocol |
| CHAP | Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol |
| DLCI | Data Link Connection Identifier in Frame Relay |
| Inverse ARP | Maps DLCI number to a remote IP address |
| LMI | Local Management Interface-signaling standard between DTE and Frame Relay switch |
| CIR | Comitted Information Rate |
Created by:
Zipposan
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