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7.6D Organic Compounds

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Term
Definition
Atom   The smallest particle of an element, made of electrons, protons, and neutrons; basic unit of matter.  
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Element   A pure substance composed of the same type of atom throughout; cannot be broken down into simpler substances.  
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Molecule   A particle made of two or more atoms bonded together; the simplest structural unit of an element or compound.  
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Compound   A substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in fixed amounts and joined by chemical bonds.  
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Organic Compound   A compound that contains organic carbon and other atoms, usually oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or sulfur.  
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Inorganic Compound   Does not contain the carbon-hydrogen atom combination that characterizes organic molecules; not of biological compounds.  
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Carbon   Naturally occurring element of Earth; essential building block of organic compounds; represented as "C" with atomic number of 6 on the Periodic Table of Elements.  
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Hydrogen   Lightest of all gases, occurring mostly in combination with oxygen in water; 1st & simplest element on the periodic table; 1 of the most common elements in the galaxy; represented as "H" with atomic number of 1 on the Periodic Table of Elements.  
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Oxygen   Colorless & odorless gas; life-supporting component of air; forms about 20% of Earth's atmosphere; most abundant element in Earth's crust; produced with glucose during photosynthesis; consumed with glucose during cellular respiration; represented as "O" with atomic number of 8 on the Periodic Table of Elements.  
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Nitrogen   Most abundant gas (78%) in the atmosphere; key element in organisms; represented as "N" with atomic number of 7 on the Periodic Table of Elements.  
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Phosphorus   Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium; represented as "P" with atomic number of 15 on the Periodic Table of Elements.  
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Sulfur   Pale-yellow, brittle nonmetallic element that occurs widely in nature, especially in volcanic deposits, minerals, natural gas, & petroleum; represented as "S" with atomic number of 16 on the Periodic Table of Elements.  
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Carbohydrates   Biomolecules made of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon that organisms use for structural support and energy storage; can be broken down into simple sugars (glucose) to provide energy; includes starches, fibers and sugars.  
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Proteins   Biomolecules made of amino acids that perform biological functions; build and repair tissues, and supply energy when needed; group of nutrients that provides energy and building blocks for growth and repair of body tissues.  
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Amino Acids   Nitrogen-containing organic molecules that are the building blocks of proteins.  
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Lipids (Fats)   One of the nutrient-providing components of food; used as an energy source in the body, and found in butter, oils, nuts, meat, fish, and some dairy products.  
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