Whole Enchilada
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808224_dynA.jpg | Receptor-hormone complex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808224_dynB.jpg | Receptor-hormone complex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808224_dynC.jpg | >>Receptor-hormone complex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808225_dynA.jpg | Hormonal
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808225_dynB.jpg | Hormonal
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808225_dynC.jpg | >>Hormonal
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808226_dynA.jpg | Hypophyseal portal veins
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808226_dynB.jpg | Hypophyseal portal veins
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808226_dynC.jpg | >>Hypophyseal portal veins
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808226_dynD.jpg | Hypophyseal portal veins
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808226_dynE.jpg | Hypophyseal portal veins
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808227_dynA.jpg | Iodine is attached to tyrosine in colloid
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808227_dynB.jpg | Iodine is attached to tyrosine in colloid
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808227_dynC.jpg | >>Iodine is attached to tyrosine in colloid
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808227_dynD.jpg | Iodine is attached to tyrosine in colloid
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808227_dynE.jpg | >>Thyroglobulin colloid is combined with lysosome
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808227_dynF.jpg | Iodine is attached to tyrosine in colloid
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808228_dynA.jpg | Cortex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808228_dynB.jpg | >>Cortex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808228_dynC.jpg | Cortex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808228_dynD.jpg | >>Zona fasciculata
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808228_dynE.jpg | Cortex
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808228_dynF.jpg | Zona fasciculata
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808229_dynA.jpg | Blood glucose levels rise
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808229_dynB.jpg | Blood glucose levels rise
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808229_dynC.jpg | Blood glucose levels rise
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808229_dynD.jpg | Glucagon
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808229_dynE.jpg | Blood glucose levels rise
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808229_dynF.jpg | >>Blood glucose levels rise
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig161A.jpg | >>Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig161B.jpg | >>Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig161C.jpg | >>Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig161D.jpg | >>Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig161E.jpg | >>Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics.
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig162A.jpg | >>Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig162B.jpg | >>Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH).
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig162C.jpg | >>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig162D.jpg | >>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
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| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig162E.jpg | >>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
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| Which of the following is a steroid hormone? | >>Testosterone
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| Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ, but produces hormones in addition to its major function? | Pituitary
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| Acromegaly is a condition resulting from the over-secretion of | thyroid hormones.
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| Hormonal action is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT | selectivity for specific protein receptors.
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| Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by | changing the permeability of the cell membrane.
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| Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of | aldosterone.
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| The action of hormones on living cells does NOT include | control of the secretory functions of the cell.
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| The adrenal gland produces the following hormones EXCEPT | cortisone.
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| The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include | amino acid-based hormones.
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| The growth-promoting functions of GH do NOT include | >>increasing the rate of glucose uptake.
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| The hypothalamus DIRECTLY controls the secretions of the | mammary gland.
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| The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by | >>TH.
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| The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of | neural stimuli.
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| The stimulus for producing insulin is | low glycogen concentration.
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| The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of | catecholamines.
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| What is the life span of most hormones? | >>0 - 30 minutes
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| Which hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? | GH
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| Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? | >>Iodine
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| Which of the following organs do NOT have a known endocrine function? | Stomach
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| The general function of parathyroid hormones is | regulation of blood levels of glucose.
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| The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the | ovaries.
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| Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) and causes uterine contractions during childbirth? | Growth hormone
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| Adrenal hormones that help control the balance of minerals and water in the blood are | mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal medulla.
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| A hormone produced by the pancreas that decreases blood sugar levels is | thyroid hormone.
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| Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid? | Neural
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| Which of the following is the property in which a hormone can NOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone? | Synergism
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| Which of the following is NOT a true hormone, but rather a trophic substance? | Aldosterone
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| Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ? | the adrenal gland
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| Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they | >>they act locally, not on distal organs like true hormones.
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| All of the following apply to water soluble hormones except that | they are coupled with one or more intracellular messengers.
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| Which of the following hormones could enter the cell? | >>thyroxine
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| How do protein kinases affect enzymes? | They increase the secretion of an enzyme.
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| The " hormone response element" is located on the cell | membrane.
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| The binding of a hormone to its "hormone response element" would lead to the | direct activation of enzymes in the cell.
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| Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest | molecule.
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| The normal endocrine controls can be directly over-ridden by the _________ system. | circulatory
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| POMC is a prohormone for | insulin.
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| Insulin-like growth factors stimulate the uptake of | calcium.
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| Excess growth hormone would cause all the following except | >>suppression of cancer.
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| Hypersecretion of ADH can occur in all of the following situations except | >>damage to the pineal gland.
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| Which of the following organs is not affected by thyroxin? | kidney
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| Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by | lysosomes in the cell.
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| A congenital condition that includes mental retardation, short disproportional body size and a thick tongue and neck is due to | deficiency of thymosin.
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| Osteitis fibrosa cystica is due to | >>an increase in the parathyroid hormone.
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| Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following except the | >>brain.
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| Which of the following hormones would suppress insulin release? | thyroxine
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| All of the following statements about melatonin are true except: | It is derived from serotonin.
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| Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the | >>adipose tissue.
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| Which of the following hormones is not a peptide? | gastrin
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| Which of the following hormones does the skin produce? | erythropoietin
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| Somatostatin is considered paracrine because it acts on | >>acts locally on cells other than those that secrete it.
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| Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of | aldosterone
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| Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the | adrenal medulla
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| Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular | ions
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| Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus? | >>enzyme
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| Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called | enzymes
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| The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract | connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland
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| Tropic hormones | >>include ACTH and TSH
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| Growth hormone | is also called somatostatin
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| Oxytocin | >>release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
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| ADH | increases urine production
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| Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by | >>entering some cells and binding to intracellular receptors within the nuclei
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| Gonadocorticoid(s) | synthesized by the adrenal medulla are primarily androgens
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| Sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as | diabetes mellitus
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| Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? | a change in membrane potential
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| The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on | the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
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| Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the | hepatic portal system
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| The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because | it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
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| Insulin, a small (51-amino-acid) protein, is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is released | in excessive amounts in obese people
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| Steroid hormones exert their action by | >>entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
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| The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by | synthesizing more of the hormone than is actually needed
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| Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because | there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane
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| Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible beca | peptide hormones always enter the cell membrane and elicit a response without assistance from other messengers
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| Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to | insulin, because insulin is a small peptide
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| When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight -or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is | estrogen
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| One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism? | the rapid oxidation of carbohydrates
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| The major targets of growth hormone are | the blood vessels
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| The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through | blocking the action of growth hormone
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| Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP? | >>the heart
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| Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to | testosterone
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| Leptin is secreted by | lymphocytes
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| The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is | insulin
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| Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone? | estrogen
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| Which of the following does not act as a second messenger in second-messenger systems of hormone action? | cyclic AMP
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| Select the correct statement about the structure or function of chemical messengers. | Prostaglandins are biologically active peptides.
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| Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells? | extracellular receptors with a specificity for only a single amino acid sequence on the hormone
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| Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second -messenger systems include | >>possible activation of several different second -messenger systems
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| Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus | enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone -containing blood to the pituitary
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| ACTH | is secreted by the posterior pituitary
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| Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis? | Increased calcitonin levels will cause increased blood calcium levels.
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| Aldosterone | is secreted by the neurohypophysis
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| The only amine hormone to act like a steroid is | >>TH
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| Which organ does not have hormone production? | heart
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| In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as | the cell's sensitivity reaction
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| Eicosanoids do not include | paracrines
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| A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. | FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males.
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| Which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone in adults? | >>liver
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| Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? | It causes positive feedback.
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| Factors that inhibit TSH release do not include | growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
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| Glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress. They accomplish this by | >>increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
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| What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid -base hormones? | Iron
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| Adenohypophysis | ADH
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| Neurohypophysis | >>ADH
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| Thyroid gland | ADH
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| Adrenal gland | ADH
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| Pineal gland | ADH
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| FSH | >>Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries
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| GH | Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries
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| ACTH | Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries
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| TSH | Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries
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| ADH | Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries
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| Insulin | Decrease in body metabolism
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| ADH | Decrease in body metabolism
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| Aldosterone | Decrease in body metabolism
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| Thyroxine | >>Decrease in body metabolism
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| Parathyroid hormone | Decrease in body metabolism
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| Thyroid stimulating hormone | Increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle
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| Growth hormone | Increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle
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| Oxytocin | >>Increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | Increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle
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| Follicle-stimulating hormone | Increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle
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| TSH | Released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water
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| FSH | Released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water
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| LH | Released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Oxytocin | Released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water
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| ADH | >>Released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Prolactin | Raises blood Ca2+ levels
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| Oxytocin | Raises blood Ca2+ levels
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| Thyroxine | Raises blood Ca2+ levels
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| Calcitonin | Raises blood Ca2+ levels
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| Parathyroid hormone | >>Raises blood Ca2+ levels
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| Calcitonin | Adrenal cortex
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| Parathyroid hormone | Adrenal cortex
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| Adrenocorticotropic Hormones | Adrenal cortex
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| Glucocorticoids | >>Adrenal cortex
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| Epinephrine | Adrenal cortex
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| Pineal gland | >>Melatonin
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| Testes | Melatonin
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| Thymus | Melatonin
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| Heart | Melatonin
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| Placenta | Melatonin
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| Melatonin | Associated with sexual maturity in males; needed for normal sperm production
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| Testosterone | >>Associated with sexual maturity in males; needed for normal sperm production
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| Thymosin | Associated with sexual maturity in males; needed for normal sperm production
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| Atrial natriuretic peptide | Associated with sexual maturity in males; needed for normal sperm production
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| HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) | Associated with sexual maturity in males; needed for normal sperm production
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| Adipose tissue | Erythropoietin
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| Skin | Erythropoietin
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| Kidney | >>Erythropoietin
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| Duodenum of small intestine | Erythropoietin
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| Stomach | Erythropoietin
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| Leptin | Stimulates the stomach to release hydrochloric acid
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| Cholecalciferol | Stimulates the stomach to release hydrochloric acid
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| Erythropoietin | Stimulates the stomach to release hydrochloric acid
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| Cholecystokinin | Stimulates the stomach to release hydrochloric acid
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| Gastrin | >>Stimulates the stomach to release hydrochloric acid
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| Glucagon | >>Pancreas
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| TSH | Pancreas
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| Thyroxine | Pancreas
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| Renin | Pancreas
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| ADH | Pancreas
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| Glucagon | >>Increases the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver
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| TSH | Increases the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver
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| Thyroxine | Increases the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver
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| Erythropoietin | Increases the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver
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| ADH | Increases the blood sugar level by stimulating the liver
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| FSH & LH | Gonadocorticoids
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| Cortisol | Gonadocorticoids
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| Androgens | >>Gonadocorticoids
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| Aldosterone | Gonadocorticoids
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| Gonadotropins | Increase blood levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids during stress
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| Glucocorticoids | >>Increase blood levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids during stress
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| Androgens | Increase blood levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids during stress
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| Mineralocorticoids | Increase blood levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids during stress
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| Posterior pituitary | Aldosterone
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| Anterior pituitary | Aldosterone
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| Pancreas | Aldosterone
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| Adrenal cortex | >>Aldosterone
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| Adrenal medulla | Aldosterone
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| Antidiuretic hormone | >>Causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Growth hormone | Causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Insulin | Causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Aldosterone | Causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Epinephrine | Causes kidneys to conserve water
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| Lowered levels of Ca2+ in the blood. (is Restored By) | Aldosterone
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| Too much Ca2+ in the blood (is Restored By) | Aldosterone
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| Elevated levels of blood sugar (is Restored By) | Aldosterone
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| Decreased levels of blood sugar (hypoglycemia) (is Restored By) | Aldosterone
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| Excessive loss of Na+ in extracellular fluids (is Restored By) | >>Aldosterone
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| The end of a nine month pregnancy (is Restored By) | Adrenal cortex
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| Loss of Na+ from profuse sweating (is Restored By) | >>Adrenal cortex
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| High blood sugar due to eating too many sweets (is Restored By) | Adrenal cortex
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| Drop in blood levels of Ca2+ due to extreme inactivity (is Restored By) | Adrenal cortex
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| Delayed or stunted growth (is Restored By) | Adrenal cortex
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| Gigantism | Oversecretion of catecholamines
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| Diabetes mellitus | Oversecretion of catecholamines
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| Sympathetic nervous system overactivity | >>Oversecretion of catecholamines
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| Grave''s disease | Oversecretion of catecholamines
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| Diabetes insipidus | Oversecretion of catecholamines
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| Zona reticularis | Mineralocorticoids
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| Zona glomerulosa | >>Mineralocorticoids
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| Zona fasciculata | Mineralocorticoids
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|
||||
| Beta cells | Mineralocorticoids
🗑
|
||||
| Alpha cells | Mineralocorticoids
🗑
|
||||
| Humoral | Axons cause hormone release
🗑
|
||||
| Neural | >>Axons cause hormone release
🗑
|
||||
| Hormonal | Axons cause hormone release
🗑
|
||||
| An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland. | Pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| Hyposecretion of growth hormone. | >>Pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| Hyposecretion of the pancreas. | Pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex. | Pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| Hypersecretion of growth hormone. | Pituitary dwarfism
🗑
|
||||
| Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults. | Cretinism
🗑
|
||||
| Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex. | Cretinism
🗑
|
||||
| Hypersecretion of growth hormone. | Cretinism
🗑
|
||||
| Hyposecretion of the thyroid in infants. | >>Cretinism
🗑
|
||||
| The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. | Parathyroid
🗑
|
||||
| The gland that controls the fight-or-flight reaction. | Parathyroid
🗑
|
||||
| Produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body. | Parathyroid
🗑
|
||||
| Produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue. | >>Parathyroid
🗑
|
||||
| Produces the body's major metabolic hormones. | Parathyroid
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808333_dynA.jpg | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808333_dynB.jpg | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808333_dynC.jpg | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808333_dynD.jpg | >>Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808334_dynA.jpg | Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808334_dynB.jpg | Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808334_dynC.jpg | >>Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808334_dynD.jpg | Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808334_dynE.jpg | Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808335_dynA.jpg | Reticulocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808335_dynB.jpg | Reticulocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808335_dynC.jpg | Reticulocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808335_dynD.jpg | Reticulocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808335_dynE.jpg | >>Reticulocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808336_dynA.jpg | >>Monocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808336_dynB.jpg | Monocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808336_dynC.jpg | Monocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808336_dynD.jpg | Monocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808337_dynA.jpg | Fibrin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808337_dynB.jpg | Fibrin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808337_dynC.jpg | Fibrin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808337_dynD.jpg | Fibrin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808337_dynE.jpg | >>Fibrin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808337_dynF.jpg | Platelet plug formation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171A.jpg | >>Main bacteria killer during acute infections.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171A.jpg | >>Most common white blood cell found in whole blood.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171A.jpg | >>Neutrophil.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171B.jpg | >>Becomes a macrophage.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171B.jpg | >>Monocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171C.jpg | >>Eosinophil.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171C.jpg | >>Kills parasitic worms.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171D.jpg | >>Lymphocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig171D.jpg | >>Mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies.
🗑
|
||||
| A healthy adult male individual contains about ___ liters of blood. | 1-2
🗑
|
||||
| A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is | globulin.
🗑
|
||||
| Blood group O | >>is a universal donor because they can give blood to all other groups.
🗑
|
||||
| Diapedesis refers to | the secretion of chemicals that trigger the inflammatory process.
🗑
|
||||
| During the life cycle of red blood cells, | RBCs have life span of about 70 -80 days.
🗑
|
||||
| Granulocytes do NOT include | eosinophils.
🗑
|
||||
| Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled with | smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
🗑
|
||||
| Pernicious anemia may result from | abnormal production of hemoglobin due to genetic defect.
🗑
|
||||
| Renal dialysis patients usually suffer from anemia because | the failed kidney destroys large number of RBCs.
🗑
|
||||
| The final step in clot formation is | the release of chemical by platelets.
🗑
|
||||
| The most numerous leukocyte is the | eosinophil.
🗑
|
||||
| The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to | thrombocytes.
🗑
|
||||
| When red blood cells transport respiratory gases | both oxygen and carbon dioxide combine to the globin portion.
🗑
|
||||
| Which leukocyte contains histamine in its granules? | Monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a protective function of blood? | Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blood? | Its temperature is slightly higher than the body's temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT? | Platelets contain serotonin, ADP, calcium and PDGF.
🗑
|
||||
| Which property do white blood cells have in common? | >>WBC are nucleated and have a protective function.
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement is NOT a factor in stimulating the production of erythropoietin by the kidneys? | >>Living by the sea coast
🗑
|
||||
| Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving if they have the following type of anemia. | Athlete's anemia
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms; destroys antibody complexes; and inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy? | Lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a function of neutrophils? | Seal small tears in blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes? | Release histamine
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a function of basophils? | >>Release histamine during allergic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would NOT normally be found in circulating blood? | Neutrophil
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes? | Carry oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a function of fibrinogen? | Transport blood gases
🗑
|
||||
| The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the | >>hematocrit.
🗑
|
||||
| The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains | serum.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about whole blood is incorrect? | It accounts for about 8% of the body weight.
🗑
|
||||
| The RBC biconcave shape is maintained by a protein known as | hemoglobin.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following plasma proteins are not produced by the liver? | beta globulins
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters? | >>They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following would occur if hemoglobin was free in the plasma rather than being contained in the erythrocyte except that the | viscosity of blood would increase.
🗑
|
||||
| Another term for reduced hemoglobin is | carbaminohemoglobin.
🗑
|
||||
| The first step in formation of a mature RBC from a hemocytoblast is the | proerythroblast differentiated into a reticulocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following substances does not contain iron? | ferritin
🗑
|
||||
| ____________ is an illustration of iron deficiency seen in individuals who have expanded their blood by increased activity. | >>Athlete's anemia
🗑
|
||||
| The process of actively metabolizing oxygen to produce bleach and hydrogen exhibited by polymorphs to kill bacteria is known as | >>respiratory burst.
🗑
|
||||
| In addition to basophils, _____________ found in connective tissue can release histamine when they bind to IgE antibodies. | macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following leukocytes is the largest? | basophils
🗑
|
||||
| The diagnostic feature of infectious mononucleosis is | an increase in the size of a monocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following substances is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage? | serotonin
🗑
|
||||
| Factor XIII is known as the | >>fibrin stabilizing factor.
🗑
|
||||
| Erythroblastosis fetalis is due to | >>Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following plasma expanders would be associated with the least complications. | >>Ringer's solution
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following has the most affinity for oxygen? | Hemoglobin A
🗑
|
||||
| Prefluorinated hydrocarbon chains can be used instead of | antibodies.
🗑
|
||||
| 85% of Americans carry the ______ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs. | C
🗑
|
||||
| Preformed antibodies to the ABO blood group antigens first appear in a | fetus.
🗑
|
||||
| Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood? | Both anti-B and anti-A antibodies.
🗑
|
||||
| ______ is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting. | PGI2
🗑
|
||||
| What is the average normal pH of blood? | 8.4
🗑
|
||||
| The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is | hemoglobin A
🗑
|
||||
| Together, leukocytes and platelets comprise approximately | percent of total blood volume.
🗑
|
||||
| Which blood type is called the universal donor? | A
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? | delivery of oxygen to body cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a protective function of blood? | prevention of blood loss
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis? | >>production of ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? | >>hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
🗑
|
||||
| As red blood cells age | ATP production increases
🗑
|
||||
| An individual who is blood type AB negative | >>can receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen
🗑
|
||||
| The most abundant plasma protein is | globulin
🗑
|
||||
| When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood is type | A
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation. | The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver.
🗑
|
||||
| Blood volume restorers include all of the following except | dextran
🗑
|
||||
| James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is | above normal
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these is not a normal plasma protein? | fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except | high hematocrit
🗑
|
||||
| No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in | >>monocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? | vascular spasm
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following are not currently known red blood cell antigens? | >>Carson
🗑
|
||||
| Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 1. reticulocyte 2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast 4. late erythroblast | 1, 2, 3, 4
🗑
|
||||
| A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B 12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of | aplastic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| The slowest step in the clotting process is | >>formation of prothrombin activator
🗑
|
||||
| Thromboembolic disorders | result in uncontrolled bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders? | thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? | >>They are nucleated.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is true about blood plasma? | It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| Platelets | >>stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement regarding age-related blood disorders. | >>They include anemias and thromboembolic disorders.
🗑
|
||||
| Which sequence is correct for the following events? 1. fibrinogen to fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. | prothrombin to thrombin
🗑
|
||||
| Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? | >>There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a precursor of a basophil? | megakaryoblast
🗑
|
||||
| Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by | travel at high altitude
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following conditions impair coagulation except | >>vascular spasm
🗑
|
||||
| When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? | if the child is type O positive
🗑
|
||||
| Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include | >>increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss
🗑
|
||||
| Blood is a | colloid
🗑
|
||||
| What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? | >>Kidney
🗑
|
||||
| The shelf life of whole collected blood at 4° C is about | days.
🗑
|
||||
| Differentiate into macrophages | Basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Form a temporary plug at the site of bleeding | Basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Increase in number significantly during bacterial infections | Basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Play a critical role in immunity | Basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Contain the anticoagulant heparin granules | >>Basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies | Blood group AB
🗑
|
||||
| Have both antigens A and B | >>Blood group AB
🗑
|
||||
| Have only anti-A antibody | Blood group AB
🗑
|
||||
| Have the antigen A | Blood group AB
🗑
|
||||
| Distribution | Preventing infection
🗑
|
||||
| Regulation | Preventing infection
🗑
|
||||
| Protection | >>Preventing infection
🗑
|
||||
| Water | Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Albumin | Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Globulins | >>Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Non-protein nitrogenous substances | Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Electrolytes | Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Porphyria | >>Caused by defective synthesis of heme groups and production of non-functional hemoglobin molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Hemorrhagic anemias | Caused by defective synthesis of heme groups and production of non-functional hemoglobin molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Aplastic anemia | Caused by defective synthesis of heme groups and production of non-functional hemoglobin molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Iron-deficiency anemia | Caused by defective synthesis of heme groups and production of non-functional hemoglobin molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Sickle-cell anemia | Caused by defective synthesis of heme groups and production of non-functional hemoglobin molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Neutrophils | >>The most numerous of white blood cells; stain pale lilac since the very fine granules take up both acid and basic stains
🗑
|
||||
| Eosinophils | The most numerous of white blood cells; stain pale lilac since the very fine granules take up both acid and basic stains
🗑
|
||||
| Basophils | The most numerous of white blood cells; stain pale lilac since the very fine granules take up both acid and basic stains
🗑
|
||||
| Agranulocytes | The most numerous of white blood cells; stain pale lilac since the very fine granules take up both acid and basic stains
🗑
|
||||
| Platelets | The most numerous of white blood cells; stain pale lilac since the very fine granules take up both acid and basic stains
🗑
|
||||
| Von Willebrand factor (VWF) | Catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin strands
🗑
|
||||
| Tissue factor (TFIII) or tissue thromboplastin | Catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin strands
🗑
|
||||
| Prothrombin | Catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin strands
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombin | >>Catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin strands
🗑
|
||||
| Serum | Catalyzes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin strands
🗑
|
||||
| Buffy coat | The liquid portion of centrifuged blood that sits atop everything else.
🗑
|
||||
| Hematocrit | The liquid portion of centrifuged blood that sits atop everything else.
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma | >>The liquid portion of centrifuged blood that sits atop everything else.
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms. | Basophil
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules. | Basophil
🗑
|
||||
| Transports CO2 and oxygen. | Basophil
🗑
|
||||
| Contains a U- or an S-shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin. | >>Basophil
🗑
|
||||
| Largest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections. | Basophil
🗑
|
||||
| The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. | Fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. | >>Fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
| Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. | >>Fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
| Makes up most of plasma protein. | Fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
| Transport proteins that bind to lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. | >>Beta globulins
🗑
|
||||
| Floating intravascular clot. | Beta globulins
🗑
|
||||
| Any decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. | Beta globulins
🗑
|
||||
| Coagulation. | Beta globulins
🗑
|
||||
| Polymorphonuclear leukocyte. | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| White blood cell with dark-staining nucleus. | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Protein capable of changing shape and color in the presence of O2. | >>Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse reaction of donor blood cells with recipient plasma. | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Lacking in hemophilia type A. | Hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Constitutes 90% of plasma volume. | Spectrin
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma and formed elements. | Spectrin
🗑
|
||||
| Liquid portion of the blood. | Spectrin
🗑
|
||||
| A fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane. | >>Spectrin
🗑
|
||||
| A clot that develops in an unbroken blood vessel. | Spectrin
🗑
|
||||
| Stem cell from which all formed elements arise. | Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| Interferes with blood-clotting ability. | Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| A hormone-stimulating erythropoiesis. | >>Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| Found in basophils. | Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| Deficient erythrocyte production due to lack of intrinsic factor and failure to absorb vitamin B12. | Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| Released from platelets. | Erythropoietin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808422_dynA.jpg | Endocardium
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808422_dynB.jpg | Endocardium
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808422_dynC.jpg | Endocardium
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808422_dynD.jpg | Pericardial cavity
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808422_dynE.jpg | Endocardium
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808422_dynF.jpg | >>Endocardium
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808423_dynA.jpg | Great cardiac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808423_dynB.jpg | >>Great cardiac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808423_dynC.jpg | Right coronary artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808423_dynD.jpg | Great cardiac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808423_dynE.jpg | Great cardiac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808423_dynF.jpg | Great cardiac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808424_dynA.jpg | >>Pulmonary arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808424_dynB.jpg | Pulmonary arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808424_dynC.jpg | Pulmonary arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808424_dynD.jpg | Pulmonary arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808425_dynA.jpg | Anterior interventricular artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808425_dynB.jpg | Anterior interventricular artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808425_dynC.jpg | Anterior interventricular artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808425_dynD.jpg | Anterior interventricular artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808425_dynE.jpg | Anterior interventricular artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808425_dynF.jpg | >>Anterior interventricular artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808426_dynA.jpg | Purkinje fibers
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808426_dynB.jpg | Purkinje fibers
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808426_dynC.jpg | Purkinje fibers
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808426_dynD.jpg | Purkinje fibers
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808426_dynE.jpg | >>Purkinje fibers
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808427_dynA.jpg | >>Atrial depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808427_dynB.jpg | Atrial depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808427_dynC.jpg | Atrial depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808428_dynA.jpg | Atrial contraction
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808428_dynB.jpg | >>Atrial contraction
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808428_dynC.jpg | Atrial contraction
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808428_dynD.jpg | Atrial contraction
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808428_dynE.jpg | Atrial contraction
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig181A.jpg | >>SA node.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig181B.jpg | >>AV node.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig181C.jpg | >>AV bundle.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig181D.jpg | >>Bundle branches.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig181E.jpg | >>Purkinje fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig182A.jpg | >>Atrial depolarization.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig182D.jpg | >>Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig182E.jpg | >>Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig182E.jpg | >>Ventricular repolarization.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig183A.jpg | >>Normal sinus rhythm.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig183B.jpg | >>Junctional rhythm.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig183C.jpg | >>Second-degree heart block.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig183D.jpg | >>Ventricular fibrillation.
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac Output is | the amount of blood pumped out of the heart during every ventricular contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the heart wall. | AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle of His, right and left bundle branches
🗑
|
||||
| During pulmonary circulation blood leaves the | >>right ventricle and moves to the lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| During systemic circulation, blood leaves the | >>left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta.
🗑
|
||||
| During the spike of an action potential in a cardiac muscle cell | K+ channels open to let K+ move into the cell.
🗑
|
||||
| Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart. | Left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium
🗑
|
||||
| The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which | the muscle cell is ready to respond to any stimulus.
🗑
|
||||
| The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events EXCEPT | the movement of impulse from the SA node to all regions of the heart wall.
🗑
|
||||
| The coronary arteries arise from the | pulmonary trunk.
🗑
|
||||
| The endocardium is composed of | stratified squamous epithelium.
🗑
|
||||
| The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the | Aorta.
🗑
|
||||
| The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the | diaphragm.
🗑
|
||||
| The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the | right atrium and right ventricle.
🗑
|
||||
| The P-wave is a measure of | ventricular depolarization.
🗑
|
||||
| The pacemaker of the heart is the | the bundle branches.
🗑
|
||||
| The tricuspid valve is located between the | >>right atrium and right ventricle.
🗑
|
||||
| When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the | left atrium into the left ventricle.
🗑
|
||||
| Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer? | Myocardium, pericardium, endocardium
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about the shape, position and location of the heart? | The heart is shaped like a cone with the base facing the right shoulder.
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement about the extrinsic innervation of the heart is NOT true? | >>Sympathetic impulses travel through the vagus nerve.
🗑
|
||||
| The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardial cells are called | >>coronary arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| The cells of the myocardium behave as a single coordinated unit called a | >>functional syncytium.
🗑
|
||||
| The ability of some cardiac muscle cells to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called | absolute refractory period.
🗑
|
||||
| Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from | ectoderm.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is an age-related change of the heart that affects function? | Increase in cardiac reserve
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following vessels is most likely to supply the anterior left ventricular myocardium? | Marginal artery
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following drains blood DIRECTLY from the myocardium? | IVC
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the cause of the "plateau" in cardiac muscle action potentials? | Sodium ion influx
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the cardiac wall? | the pericardial sac
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following structures is continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels? | the epicardium
🗑
|
||||
| The fossa ovalis is located in the | >>interatrial septum.
🗑
|
||||
| The trabeculae carneae are located in the | atrium.
🗑
|
||||
| What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump? | the left atrium
🗑
|
||||
| If the circumflex artery of the heart was blocked, the myocardium in the _________________ would be ischemic. | the lateral aspects of the heart
🗑
|
||||
| Attached to the AV valve flaps are the | trabeculae carneae.
🗑
|
||||
| Blood spurts back into the _____________ when the right atrium contracts. | pulmonary veins
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart? | >>the mitral or bicuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| The myocardium functions as a functional syncytium due to | >>the presence of gap junctions.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue? | the presence of intercalated discs
🗑
|
||||
| All but which of the following statements about autorhythmic myocardial cells are correct? | >>They are the first myocardial cells to contract.
🗑
|
||||
| Autorhythmic cardiac cells are found in all the following location except the | Purkinje cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is clinically significant as an ectopic pacemaker of the heart? | excessive smoking
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the SA node. | accessory
🗑
|
||||
| The cardioacceleratory center fibers are part of the | >>sympathetic nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| An enlarged R wave on an ECG would indicate | >>an enlarged ventricle.
🗑
|
||||
| The pacemaker potential produced in autorhythmic cells is due to the presence of | >>a continuously depolarizing membrane that slowly reaches threshold.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following ions has the greatest affect on the autorhythmic capabilities of the myocardium? | >>Ca2+
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following events would cause the gap junctions between cardiac cells to close? | premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
🗑
|
||||
| A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears a swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition? | >>incompetent cardiac valve
🗑
|
||||
| The end diastolic volume is the | volume of blood in the atria at the end of atrial relaxation.
🗑
|
||||
| The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles are completely closed and the volume of blood in them is constant is referred to as the | >>isovolumetric contraction phase.
🗑
|
||||
| The dicrotic notch observed on tracing of blood pressure recording is due to | pulmonary semilunar valve closure.
🗑
|
||||
| Positive inotropic agents | cause hemolysis of blood clots.
🗑
|
||||
| Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? | excitation of the SA node
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac reserve | is determined by your genes and not subject to improvement
🗑
|
||||
| Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes | >>a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
🗑
|
||||
| The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to | accommodate a greater volume of blood
🗑
|
||||
| Damage to the | is referred to as heart block.
🗑
|
||||
| The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates | ventricular repolarization
🗑
|
||||
| Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the | right atrium
🗑
|
||||
| Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the | trabeculae carneae
🗑
|
||||
| The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is | ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| To auscultate the aortic valve, you would place your stethoscope | >>in the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
🗑
|
||||
| The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the | coronary sinus
🗑
|
||||
| When the heart is beating at a rate of 75 times per minute, the duration of one cardiac cycle is second(s). | >>0.8
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate? | >>skin color
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart? | atherosclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from | >>decreased delivery of oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they | have gap junctions
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac output is about | L/min.
🗑
|
||||
| The pericardial cavity | is another name for the chambers of the heart
🗑
|
||||
| If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells | it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| Norepinephrine acts on the heart by | decreasing heart contractility
🗑
|
||||
| If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that | the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract
🗑
|
||||
| Foramen ovale | >>connects the two atria in the fetal heart
🗑
|
||||
| The stroke volume for a normal resting heart is | ml/beat.
🗑
|
||||
| Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole? | venae cavae
🗑
|
||||
| Blood ejected from the ventricles enters which of these vessels during ventricular systole? | aorta only
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart? | AV node
🗑
|
||||
| The tricuspid valve is closed | while the ventricle is in diastole
🗑
|
||||
| When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by | tracing out where the auricles connect
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the heart valves. | The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells. | >>The all-or-none law as applied to cardiac muscle means that the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. | The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle | >>has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac muscle | has proportionally fewer mitochondria than skeletal muscle
🗑
|
||||
| The deflection waves in an ECG tracing include | the P wave, which is present only in patients who have had a heart attack
🗑
|
||||
| During the period of ventricular filling | pressure in the heart is at its peak
🗑
|
||||
| The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon | is a sign of dangerous overexertion
🗑
|
||||
| The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? | >>isovolumetric relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| The time of day most hazardous for heart attacks is | >>morning
🗑
|
||||
| If a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal pericardial layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence? | >>interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity
🗑
|
||||
| If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, | >>threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about cardiac output. | >>A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| During contraction of heart muscle cells | the action potential is initiated by voltage -gated slow calcium channels
🗑
|
||||
| Isovolumetric contraction | >>refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
🗑
|
||||
| Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a | mild electrical shock
🗑
|
||||
| Negative chronotropic factors are factors that | decrease afterload
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial depolarization | QRS complex
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular depolarization | >>QRS complex
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular repolarization | QRS complex
🗑
|
||||
| A faster depolarizing pacemaker | QRS complex
🗑
|
||||
| A slower depolarizing pacemaker | QRS complex
🗑
|
||||
| Brings oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium | Pulmonary trunk
🗑
|
||||
| The right ventricle sends blood into this vessel | >>Pulmonary trunk
🗑
|
||||
| Brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to right atrium | Pulmonary trunk
🗑
|
||||
| Brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to right atrium | Pulmonary trunk
🗑
|
||||
| The left ventricle sends blood into this vessel | Pulmonary trunk
🗑
|
||||
| Fibrous pericardium | Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
🗑
|
||||
| Serous pericardium | Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
🗑
|
||||
| Epicardium | >>Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
🗑
|
||||
| Myocardium | Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
🗑
|
||||
| Endocardium | Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
🗑
|
||||
| Right atrium (sends blood to) | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Right ventricle (sends blood to) | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Left atrium (sends blood to) | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Left ventricle (sends blood to) | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Coronary artery (sends blood to) | >>Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Left atrium and left ventricle | Pulmonary semilunar valve
🗑
|
||||
| Left ventricle and aorta | Pulmonary semilunar valve
🗑
|
||||
| Right atrium and right ventricle | Pulmonary semilunar valve
🗑
|
||||
| Right ventricle and pulmonary artery | >>Pulmonary semilunar valve
🗑
|
||||
| Right atrium | >>Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Right ventricle | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Left atrium | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Left ventricle | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Superior vena cava (Destination) | The lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary veins (Destination) | The lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Aorta (Destination) | The lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary artery (Destination) | >>The lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Coronary artery (Destination) | The lungs
🗑
|
||||
| SV | The frequency at which the heart beats.
🗑
|
||||
| EDV | The frequency at which the heart beats.
🗑
|
||||
| ESV | The frequency at which the heart beats.
🗑
|
||||
| CO | The frequency at which the heart beats.
🗑
|
||||
| HR | >>The frequency at which the heart beats.
🗑
|
||||
| The inner lining of the heart. | Parietal layer
🗑
|
||||
| Heart muscle. | Parietal layer
🗑
|
||||
| Serous layer covering the heart muscle. | Parietal layer
🗑
|
||||
| The outermost layer of the serous pericardium. | >>Parietal layer
🗑
|
||||
| The pacemaker of the heart. | AV node
🗑
|
||||
| Found in the interventricular septum. | AV node
🗑
|
||||
| Network found in the ventricular myocardium. | AV node
🗑
|
||||
| The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed. | >>AV node
🗑
|
||||
| Prevents backflow into the left ventricle. | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Prevents backflow into the right atrium. | >>Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Prevents backflow into the left atrium. | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| Prevents backflow into the right ventricle. | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| AV valve with two flaps. | Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| AV valve with three flaps. | >>Tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808515_dynA.jpg | Lumen
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808515_dynB.jpg | Lumen
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808515_dynC.jpg | Lumen
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808515_dynD.jpg | Lumen
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808515_dynE.jpg | >>Lumen
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808515_dynF.jpg | Internal elastic lamina
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808516_dynA.jpg | >>Elastic arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808516_dynB.jpg | Elastic arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808516_dynC.jpg | Elastic arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808516_dynD.jpg | Elastic arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808516_dynE.jpg | Muscular arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808516_dynF.jpg | Elastic arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808517_dynA.jpg | Postcapillary venule
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808517_dynB.jpg | Postcapillary venule
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808517_dynC.jpg | Postcapillary venule
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808517_dynD.jpg | Postcapillary venule
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808517_dynE.jpg | >>Postcapillary venule
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808518_dynA.jpg | Stimulate cardio-inhibitory center/inhibit vasomotor center
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808518_dynB.jpg | Stimulate cardio-inhibitory center/inhibit vasomotor center
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808518_dynC.jpg | >>Stimulate cardio-inhibitory center/inhibit vasomotor center
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808518_dynD.jpg | Stimulate cardio-inhibitory center/inhibit vasomotor center
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808518_dynE.jpg | Stimulate cardio-inhibitory center/inhibit vasomotor center
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808518_dynF.jpg | Stimulate cardio-inhibitory center/inhibit vasomotor center
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808519_dynA.jpg | >>Declining blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808519_dynB.jpg | Declining blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808519_dynC.jpg | Declining blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808519_dynD.jpg | Declining blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808519_dynE.jpg | Declining blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808519_dynF.jpg | Declining blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808520_dynA.jpg | Posterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808520_dynB.jpg | Posterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808520_dynC.jpg | Posterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808520_dynD.jpg | >>Posterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808520_dynE.jpg | Posterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808520_dynF.jpg | Posterior communicating artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808521_dynA.jpg | Common iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808521_dynB.jpg | Common iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808521_dynC.jpg | Common iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808521_dynD.jpg | Common iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808521_dynE.jpg | Common iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808521_dynF.jpg | >>Common iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808522_dynA.jpg | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808522_dynB.jpg | >>External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808522_dynC.jpg | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808522_dynD.jpg | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808522_dynE.jpg | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808522_dynF.jpg | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808523_dynA.jpg | Brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808523_dynB.jpg | Brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808523_dynC.jpg | Brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808523_dynD.jpg | Brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808523_dynE.jpg | Brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808523_dynF.jpg | >>Brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808524_dynA.jpg | Axillary vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808524_dynB.jpg | Axillary vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808524_dynC.jpg | >>Axillary vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808524_dynD.jpg | Axillary vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808524_dynE.jpg | Axillary vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808524_dynF.jpg | Axillary vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808525_dynA.jpg | Inferior mesenteric vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808525_dynB.jpg | Inferior mesenteric vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808525_dynC.jpg | Inferior mesenteric vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808525_dynD.jpg | Inferior mesenteric vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808525_dynE.jpg | >>Inferior mesenteric vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808525_dynF.jpg | Inferior mesenteric vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808526_dynA.jpg | Internal iliac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808526_dynB.jpg | >>Internal iliac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808526_dynC.jpg | Internal iliac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808526_dynD.jpg | Internal iliac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808526_dynE.jpg | Internal iliac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808526_dynF.jpg | Internal iliac vein
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig191A.jpg | >>Capillary with intercellular clefts.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig191B.jpg | >>Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the blood.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig191B.jpg | >>Capillary found where active capillary absorption of filtrate occurs.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig191C.jpg | >>Capillary that may contain Kupffer cells.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig191C.jpg | >>Sinusoid capillary.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig192A.jpg | >>Hepatic portal vein.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig192B.jpg | >>Splenic vein.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig192C.jpg | >>Right gastroepiploic vein.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig192D.jpg | >>Inferior mesenteric vein.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig192E.jpg | >>Superior mesenteric vein.
🗑
|
||||
| During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the | >>right ventricle and moves to the lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| During systemic circulation, blood leaves the | >>left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta.
🗑
|
||||
| The coronary arteries arise from the | pulmonary trunk.
🗑
|
||||
| The endothelium is composed of | simple cuboidal epithelium.
🗑
|
||||
| The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the | left atrium.
🗑
|
||||
| Which is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from outside to inside? | Tunica media, tunica interna, tunica externa
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow? | Blood viscosity
🗑
|
||||
| The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the | >>kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| Blood enters the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the | the inside of the ventricles.
🗑
|
||||
| Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the | >>capillaries and tissue cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally is called | hypertension.
🗑
|
||||
| Reduction in lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as | varicose veins.
🗑
|
||||
| The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the | arterioles.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary? | Tunica interna
🗑
|
||||
| Loss of vasomotor tone resulting in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as | hypertension.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery? | Superior mesenteric artery
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following veins is the longest in the body? | >>Great saphenous vein
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following terms would not be used to describe arteries? | >>converging
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones? | inner layer
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following types of blood vessels have the thickest tunica media of all vessels? | >>distributing arteries
🗑
|
||||
| _____________ can compete with plasminogen but lacks clot dissolving ability and may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. | Cytomegalovirus
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements about conducting arteries are true except: | They are the most elastic of all arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the | constriction of elastic arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| Nitrous oxide | accelerates thrombus formation.
🗑
|
||||
| The presence of ___________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries. | valves
🗑
|
||||
| All but which of the following blood vessels contain intercellular clefts? | fenestrated capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| The flow of blood from an arteriole to a venule is called the | hepatoportal circulation.
🗑
|
||||
| A metarteriole is a vessel that | >>intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following conditions would not increase the chances of developing varicose veins? | standing to attention for long periods of time
🗑
|
||||
| At any given time, up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in | arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| All the following are examples of sinuses except | >>capillary sinuses.
🗑
|
||||
| Most neural controls of blood pressure involve input from baroreceptors that are sensitive to | the level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Reactive hyperemia is due to the effect of all of the following except | vasoconstriction of blood reservoirs to assure that more blood flows to the skeletal muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of | all arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following blood vessels is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis? | >>the aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following conditions would decrease the peripheral resistance? | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? | cardiac output
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure? | ADH
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement best describes arteries? | All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? | >>tunica intima
🗑
|
||||
| Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of | arterioles
🗑
|
||||
| The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called | >>hepatic portal circulation
🗑
|
||||
| The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the | elastic arteries
🗑
|
||||
| Aldosterone will | >>promote an increase in blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| The pulse pressure is | systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign? | cold, clammy skin
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? | Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs.
🗑
|
||||
| Continuous capillaries | have fenestrations to facilitate the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is true about veins? | Venous valves are formed from the tunica media.
🗑
|
||||
| Venous anastomoses | often occlude, causing death if located in a vital area
🗑
|
||||
| Peripheral resistance | decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel
🗑
|
||||
| Brain blood flow autoregulation | is less sensitive to pH than to a decreased oxygen level
🗑
|
||||
| Blood flow to the skin | is controlled mainly by decreasing pH
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the movement of materials at the capillary level. | Oxygen diffuses up its concentration gradient.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock? | hypovolemic, caused by increased blood volume
🗑
|
||||
| Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? | tunica intima
🗑
|
||||
| The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is | the only factor that influences resistance
🗑
|
||||
| The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is | only that form of shock caused by large -scale loss of blood
🗑
|
||||
| In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure | does not play a role
🗑
|
||||
| The hepatic portal vein | is actually an artery
🗑
|
||||
| The term ductus venosus refers to | a fetal shunt that bypasses the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| The term blood islands refers to | >>embryonic masses of mesodermal cells that give rise to the endothelial lining of blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following has anastomosing vessels? | retina
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate? | activity
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation? | superior vena cava, right atrium, and left ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| Histologically, the | is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.
🗑
|
||||
| The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called | muscular arteries
🗑
|
||||
| Fenestrated capillaries | are not more permeable than continuous capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called | sinuses
🗑
|
||||
| Factors that aid venous return include all except | activity of skeletal muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension? | 120/80 in a 30-year-old man
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure. | An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery.
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include | nervous control that operates via reflex arcs involving pressoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers
🗑
|
||||
| The velocity of blood flow | is in direct proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about blood flow. | It is relatively constant through all body organs.
🗑
|
||||
| A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the | left side of the head and neck
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebral blood flow is regulated by | skin temperature
🗑
|
||||
| A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except | increased work of the left ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, do not primarily operate via | reflex arcs involving baroreceptors
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary hypertension can be caused by | obesity
🗑
|
||||
| Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation? | kidney
🗑
|
||||
| Normal blood pressure for a newborn baby is | 120/80
🗑
|
||||
| Brings oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium | Superior vena cava
🗑
|
||||
| The right ventricle sends blood into this vessel | Superior vena cava
🗑
|
||||
| Brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to right atrium | Superior vena cava
🗑
|
||||
| Brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to right atrium | >>Superior vena cava
🗑
|
||||
| The left ventricle sends blood into this vessel | Superior vena cava
🗑
|
||||
| Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) | Contains the endothelium (made of simple squamous epithelium)
🗑
|
||||
| Tunica interna (tunica intima) | >>Contains the endothelium (made of simple squamous epithelium)
🗑
|
||||
| Tunica media | Contains the endothelium (made of simple squamous epithelium)
🗑
|
||||
| Vessel lumen | Contains the endothelium (made of simple squamous epithelium)
🗑
|
||||
| Tunica externa | Provides a space for blood to travel through vessel
🗑
|
||||
| Tunica media | Provides a space for blood to travel through vessel
🗑
|
||||
| Tunica interna | Provides a space for blood to travel through vessel
🗑
|
||||
| Vessel lumen | >>Provides a space for blood to travel through vessel
🗑
|
||||
| Elastic arteries | Smaller arteries that distribute blood to specific body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Muscular arteries | >>Smaller arteries that distribute blood to specific body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Arterioles | Smaller arteries that distribute blood to specific body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Capillaries | Smaller arteries that distribute blood to specific body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Venules | Smaller arteries that distribute blood to specific body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Veins | Smaller arteries that distribute blood to specific body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Blood flow | The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
🗑
|
||||
| Blood pressure | >>The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
🗑
|
||||
| Resistance | The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
🗑
|
||||
| Blood viscosity | The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
🗑
|
||||
| Total blood vessel length | The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary artery | >>First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary arterioles | First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary capillaries | First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary venules | First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary veins | First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Brachial artery | The only branches of the ascending aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Left subclavian artery | The only branches of the ascending aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Brachiocephalic trunk | The only branches of the ascending aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Coronary arteries | >>The only branches of the ascending aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Common carotid arteries | The only branches of the ascending aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Largest artery of the body. | >>Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Supplies the kidney. | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Supplies the duodenum and stomach. | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Supplies the distal areas of the large intestine. | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Supplies pelvic structures. | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Artery that does not anastomose. | Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery. | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| Supplies the lower limbs. | >>External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| Common site to take the pulse. | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| Major supply to the cerebral hemispheres. | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta. | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| Abdominal aorta splits to form two. | External iliac artery
🗑
|
||||
| Receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall. | Axillary artery
🗑
|
||||
| Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. | Axillary artery
🗑
|
||||
| Drains the scalp. | Axillary artery
🗑
|
||||
| Runs through the armpit area. | >>Axillary artery
🗑
|
||||
| Drains the upper extremities, deep vein. | Axillary artery
🗑
|
||||
| Artery usually palpated to take the blood pressure. | Femoral artery
🗑
|
||||
| Major artery of the thigh. | >>Femoral artery
🗑
|
||||
| Supplies the small intestine. | Femoral artery
🗑
|
||||
| Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. | Femoral artery
🗑
|
||||
| Longest vein in the body, superficial. | Femoral artery
🗑
|
||||
| Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest. | Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site where exchanges of food and gases are made. | Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site where blood pressure is lowest. | >>Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest. | Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest. | Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site where the blood volume is greatest. | >>Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site where the blood pressure is greatest. | Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance. | Large veins
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808586_dynA.jpg | >>Cervical nodes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808586_dynB.jpg | Cervical nodes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808586_dynC.jpg | Cervical nodes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808586_dynD.jpg | Cervical nodes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808586_dynE.jpg | Cervical nodes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808587_dynA.jpg | Trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808587_dynB.jpg | Trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808587_dynC.jpg | Trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808587_dynD.jpg | Trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808587_dynE.jpg | Trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808587_dynF.jpg | >>Trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808588_dynA.jpg | Thymus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808588_dynB.jpg | >>Thymus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808588_dynC.jpg | Thymus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808588_dynD.jpg | Thymus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808588_dynE.jpg | Thymus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808589_dynA.jpg | Red pulp
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808589_dynB.jpg | Red pulp
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808589_dynC.jpg | Red pulp
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808589_dynD.jpg | >>Red pulp
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808589_dynE.jpg | Red pulp
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808589_dynF.jpg | Red pulp
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig201A.jpg | >>Entrance of thoracic duct into subclavian vein.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig201B.jpg | >>Axillary node(s).
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig201C.jpg | >>Thoracic duct.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig201D.jpg | >>Cisterna chyli.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig201E.jpg | >>Lymphatic collecting vessels.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig202A.jpg | >>Trabecula.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig202B.jpg | >>Afferent vessels.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig202C.jpg | >>Cortex.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig202D.jpg | >>Medulla.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig202D.jpg | >>Medullary cord.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig202E.jpg | >>Efferent vessels.
🗑
|
||||
| A major function of the lymphatic system is | distribution of nutrients.
🗑
|
||||
| Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum are | Werner''s nodes.
🗑
|
||||
| Collections of lymphoid tissue (MALT) that guard mucosal surfaces include all the following EXCEPT | lymphoid nodules in the wall of the bronchi.
🗑
|
||||
| In addition to lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets. | >>Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| People suffering from a throat infection often complain of ""swollen glands."" What is the actual problem? | >>Some of the lymph nodes in the throat are full of bacteria.
🗑
|
||||
| The lymphedema condition, caused by tropical parasitic worms, is | >>elephantiasis.
🗑
|
||||
| The structural framework of lymphoid tissue is offered by | dense, irregular connective tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| This structure attached to the cecum is in an ideal place to destroy bacteria before it migrates into the large intestine. | >>appendix
🗑
|
||||
| To assist with lymph return, | lymph vessels possess mini-pumps that drive lymph forward.
🗑
|
||||
| What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid? | collecting vessel
🗑
|
||||
| What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine? | >>lacteal
🗑
|
||||
| What lymphatic structure forms from the merging of the intestinal and lumbar trunks? | thoracic duct
🗑
|
||||
| What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral mucosa? | tubal tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Which area does NOT contain a large collection of lymph nodes? | The lumbar area
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is located in the spleen''s white pulp regions? | Macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following are NOT found in a lymph node? | Follicles/nodules
🗑
|
||||
| Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system? | Ducts - trunks - capillaries - vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement below describes the lymphatic system''s role in relation to the cardiovascular system? | It is the primary source for regulation of blood pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement is true of the thoracic duct? | It only drains lymph from the arms.
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement is true regarding lymph nodes? | There is a dense collection located in the feet and hands.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels? | A system that carries lymph through lymphatic arteries, lymphatic capillaries, and lymphatic veins
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is true when comparing large lymphatic vessels to larger veins of the circulatory system? | Larger lymphatic vessels have thicker layers and no valves.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that ""trains"" T-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent? | Tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following make up the principle lymphoid organs in the body? | Tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| The lymphoid organs, located in the throat, that defend against invading bacteria coming in through the mouth and nose are | Peyer''s patches
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ? | >>Macrophage
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is found lining the lymphatic sinuses of the lymph nodes? | B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the spleen is false? | >>It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood? | capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| Excess tissue fluid in the brain drains into the | blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Lacteals are specialized | lymphatics in the respiratory tract.
🗑
|
||||
| The lymph from all but the right side of the head and the right arm and right thorax is drained by the | lacteals.
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphangitis presents itself as | tender lymph nodes that are filled with pus.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following features is not common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins? | the presence of valves
🗑
|
||||
| When B-lymphocytes are dividing rapidly the _____ of the lymphoid tissue enlarges. | >>germinal centers
🗑
|
||||
| Where are plasma cells found in the node? | >>in the medullary cords
🗑
|
||||
| Large lymph capillaries spanned by criss-crossing reticular fibers are known as | medullary cords.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following cells would not be found in a germinal center in a lymph node? | follicular dendrite cells
🗑
|
||||
| Where is the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus? | thymus
🗑
|
||||
| Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as | medullary cords.
🗑
|
||||
| Thymic corpuscles are composed of | maturing T-lymphocytes.
🗑
|
||||
| The hormones of the thymus are secreted by the | cortex.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not contribute to lymph transport? | >>being located adjacent to large veins
🗑
|
||||
| The lymphatic structure that arises anterior to the first two lumbar vertebrae is known as the | right thoracic duct.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic vessels? | >>providing a maturation site for lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of | mononucleosis.
🗑
|
||||
| A sentinel node is the first lymph node | that contains mature lymphocytes.
🗑
|
||||
| Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed | lymph follicles
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? | >>pancreas
🗑
|
||||
| The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called | islets of Langerhans
🗑
|
||||
| Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on | the pumping action of the heart
🗑
|
||||
| The thymus is most active during | fetal development
🗑
|
||||
| Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? | lumbar trunk
🗑
|
||||
| What effect does age have on the size of the thymus? | The size of the thymus increases continuously from birth to death.
🗑
|
||||
| The lymphatic capillaries are | >>more permeable than blood capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by | T lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph leaves a lymph node via | >>efferent lymphatic vessels
🗑
|
||||
| By secreting hormones, the thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent? | basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Functions of the spleen include all of those below except | removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood
🗑
|
||||
| When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is | shrinkage of tissues distal to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about lymph transport. | Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high -pressure conduits.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. | The two main types are T cells and macrophages.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. | Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently.
🗑
|
||||
| A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) | >>tonsil
🗑
|
||||
| Which is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? | tonsil
🗑
|
||||
| Peyer's patches are found in the | stomach
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the before moving on up. | thoracic duct
🗑
|
||||
| What is a bubo? | a wall in a lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not: | have lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Particularly large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the | inguinal region
🗑
|
||||
| Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except | Peyer's patches
🗑
|
||||
| Functions of the lymphatic system include | >>transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system
🗑
|
||||
| The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the | >>lingual tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? | water
🗑
|
||||
| A sentinel node is | a lymph node found in the intestinal lamina propria
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic capillary | Fuses into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic trunk | Fuses into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph node | Fuses into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein
🗑
|
||||
| Right lymphatic duct | Fuses into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein
🗑
|
||||
| Thoracic duct | >>Fuses into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein
🗑
|
||||
| Appendix | Causes T cells to become immunocompetent
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph nodes | Causes T cells to become immunocompetent
🗑
|
||||
| Spleen | Causes T cells to become immunocompetent
🗑
|
||||
| Thymus | >>Causes T cells to become immunocompetent
🗑
|
||||
| Tonsils | Causes T cells to become immunocompetent
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic capillaries | Same three tunics as veins; second smallest lymph vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic collecting vessels | >>Same three tunics as veins; second smallest lymph vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic trunks | Same three tunics as veins; second smallest lymph vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic tissue | Same three tunics as veins; second smallest lymph vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph node | Same three tunics as veins; second smallest lymph vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic capillaries | Distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic collecting vessels | Distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphatic ducts | Distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphoid tissue | Distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph nodes | >>Distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system
🗑
|
||||
| Afferent lymphatic vessels | >>Vessels leading into lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| Subcapsular sinus | Vessels leading into lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| Hilus | Vessels leading into lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| Efferent lymphatic vessels | Vessels leading into lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| Spleen | Small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts
🗑
|
||||
| Thymus gland | Small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts
🗑
|
||||
| Tonsils | Small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts
🗑
|
||||
| Peyer's patches | Small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts
🗑
|
||||
| Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) | >>Small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts
🗑
|
||||
| B cell | Deep cortex
🗑
|
||||
| T cell | >>Deep cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Dendritic cells | Deep cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma cells | Deep cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophages | Deep cortex
🗑
|
||||
| MALT | Provides a large, blood-filled site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Peyer's patches | Provides a large, blood-filled site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Tonsils | Provides a large, blood-filled site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Thymus | Provides a large, blood-filled site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Spleen | >>Provides a large, blood-filled site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Protein-containing fluid within lymphatic vessels. | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Stores blood platelets. | >>Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Part of MALT. | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Receives lymph from most of the body. | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels. | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Largest lymphatic organ. | >>Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found in the wall of the small intestine. | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808670_dynA.jpg | Injection of gamma globulin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808670_dynB.jpg | Injection of gamma globulin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808670_dynC.jpg | Injection of gamma globulin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808670_dynD.jpg | >>Injection of gamma globulin
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808671_dynA.jpg | Inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808671_dynB.jpg | Inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808671_dynC.jpg | Inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808671_dynD.jpg | Inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808671_dynE.jpg | Inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808671_dynF.jpg | >>Inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808672_dynA.jpg | >>Allergen invades and stimulates IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808672_dynB.jpg | Allergen invades and stimulates IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808672_dynC.jpg | Allergen invades and stimulates IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808672_dynD.jpg | Allergen invades and stimulates IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808672_dynE.jpg | Allergen invades and stimulates IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808672_dynF.jpg | Allergen invades and stimulates IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig211A.jpg | >>Antigen-binding site.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig211B.jpg | >>Heavy chain.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig211C.jpg | >>Variable region.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig211D.jpg | >>Light chain.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig211E.jpg | >>Constant region.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig212B.jpg | >>Area where T cells become immunocompetent.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig212C.jpg | >>Area where B cells become immunocompetent.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig212D.jpg | >>Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig212D.jpg | >>Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig212E.jpg | >>Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate.
🗑
|
||||
| A "foreign" molecule which can invoke the immune response is called a(n) | colony-stimulating factor.
🗑
|
||||
| Active artificially acquired immunity is a result of | injection of an immune serum.
🗑
|
||||
| Antibodies are produced in cells called | helper T-cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Complement proteins work by | neutralization of antigens.
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells | by phagocytosis.
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are | NK cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Saliva and lacrimal fluids contain this enzyme that destroys bacteria. | Salivase
🗑
|
||||
| The immune cell that allows for subsequent recognition of an antigen resulting in a secondary response is called a(n) | plasma cell.
🗑
|
||||
| The primary mechanism of antibody action is | neutralization.
🗑
|
||||
| These molecules are secreted by leukocytes and macrophages and result in a fever. | >>Pyrogens
🗑
|
||||
| This type of antibody binds to mast cells and basophils, thus invoking inflammation. | >>IgE
🗑
|
||||
| This type of disease results from the inability of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self antigens. | Anaphylaxis
🗑
|
||||
| When a localized area exhibits increased capillary filtration, hyperemia, and swelling, this is an indication that | antigens are present.
🗑
|
||||
| Which cell does NOT have a direct role in phagocytosis? | Neutrophil
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells phagocytize antigen-bearing cells and bind them to their MHCs? | Plasma cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells stimulate both arms of the immune response? | Killer T-cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which nonspecific defense cells specialize in attacking cancer cells and virus-infected cells? | >>Natural killer cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a nonspecific barrier defense? | Complements
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement below is characteristic of a secondary humoral response? | It triggers fever.
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of molecule is produced by viral-infected cells to communicate to non-infected cells of the presence of a virus? | >>Interferon
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier to pathogen influx? | >>Complement cascade
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells of the innate immune response are responsible for detecting and destroying parasites? | Neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation? | Pain
🗑
|
||||
| The process that begins when a helper T-cell binds to an MHC class II protein on a displaying cell is known as | T-cell proliferation.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are examples of autoimmune disorders EXCEPT | >>sickle cell anemia.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are examples of characteristics of adaptive defenses EXCEPT | they have memory.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ? | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the hallmark of the humoral immune response? | Phagocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not an innate defense mechanism of the body? | inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not originate from a monocyte? | Kupffer cells
🗑
|
||||
| The ability of a phagocyte to adhere to a particular particle depends on its ability to | coat the particle with protein.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is false about natural killer cells? | They attach infected or cancerous cells that lack self-surface receptors.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is derived from arachidonic acid? | >>prostaglandin
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following steps is the first step in an inflammatory response? | diapedesis
🗑
|
||||
| In the respiratory burst, _____________ are released, which have potent cell-killing ability. | >>free radicals
🗑
|
||||
| Leukotrienes cause | apoptosis of cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Toll-like receptors are found on | mast cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about infectious granulomas is false? | They contain a central region of infected macrophages.
🗑
|
||||
| Interferons can be used to treat all of the following except | viral infections.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are functions of interferon except that | it mobilizes natural killer cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following processes is most similar to complement fixation? | diapedesis
🗑
|
||||
| The classical and alternate pathway for complement fixation converge at | the release of factor B, D, and P.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following minerals needed for bacterial reproduction does both the liver and spleen sequester during a fever? | magnesium
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not apply to the specific defensive system? | It is specific.
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen is a contraction of | antigen etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Which hypersensitivity is caused by T-lymphocytes? | subacute
🗑
|
||||
| In the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restrictive process | immature T-lymphocytes go through apoptosis.
🗑
|
||||
| Somatic recombination refers to | the selection of antigens the body will respond to.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are names of antigen-presenting cells except | Langerhan's cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Gene guns are used to shoot | antigens with genes.
🗑
|
||||
| T-lymphocytes that bind to an antigen before co-stimulation takes place will cause | >>these lymphocytes to become tolerant to that antigen.
🗑
|
||||
| Without __________ there is no adaptive immune response. | plasma cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies? | carbohydrate structure
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? | long-term immune protection
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a type of T cell? | cytotoxic
🗑
|
||||
| B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the | thymus
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response? | prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissue
🗑
|
||||
| The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by | >>vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| The antibody molecule is held together by | bonds.
🗑
|
||||
| In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned? | >>antigen
🗑
|
||||
| The system that recognizes foreign molecules and acts to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them is the | integumentary system
🗑
|
||||
| The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called | diapedesis
🗑
|
||||
| Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called | >>haptens
🗑
|
||||
| The chief antibody-mediated mechanism used against cellular antigens, such as bacteria, is | interferon production
🗑
|
||||
| The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the | regulatory cells
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about phagocytic cells. | >>Neutrophils may destroy themselves when they phagocytize large quantities of a foreign substance.
🗑
|
||||
| ______ predominate at the sites of chronic infections. | Basophils
🗑
|
||||
| Interferons | are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus
🗑
|
||||
| ______ determine(s) what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist. | The type of antigen
🗑
|
||||
| Regulatory T cells | release cytokines that increase the activity of cytotoxic T cells and activated B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct definition about tissue grafts. | >>Isografts are between identical twins.
🗑
|
||||
| The only immunoglobulin to exist as a pentamer is | IgD
🗑
|
||||
| ______ are released by activated T cells and macrophages to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area. | >>Cytokines
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms? | keratin
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens? | small molecules
🗑
|
||||
| B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by | reducing its size
🗑
|
||||
| Graft rejection may be caused by | >>using a xenograft
🗑
|
||||
| Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by | >>natural killer cells
🗑
|
||||
| Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed | diapedesis
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system? | It is antigen-specific.
🗑
|
||||
| Monoclonal antibodies are used for the diagnosis of all of the following except | >>juvenile diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction? | immune complex hypersensitivity
🗑
|
||||
| Innate immune system defenses include | B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about inflammation. | Only the lymphocyte functions in the transport and release of the mediators of inflammation at the site of injury.
🗑
|
||||
| Phagocyte mobilization involves | diapedesis, during which cells line up against the capillary wall
🗑
|
||||
| Fever | is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous
🗑
|
||||
| Immunocompetence | occurs in one specific organ of the adaptive immune system
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the prevention of immune attack on "self." | The development of tolerance is specific to B cells only.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity. | Immunological memory is established by passive immunization.
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T cells | >>are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T cells | bind tightly to target cells and release a lymphotoxin called perforin
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about immunodeficiency. | Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disease is an acquired condition.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is true of immediate hypersensitives: | also called type IV hypersensitivities
🗑
|
||||
| Delayed hypersensitivities | are mediated by B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Natural killer (NK) cells | are also called cytotoxic T cells
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about antigens. | "Self-antigens" is another name for incomplete antigens.
🗑
|
||||
| Clonal selection of B cells | occurs during fetal development
🗑
|
||||
| The primary immune response | occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the function of antibodies. | Antibodies may directly destroy "invaders."
🗑
|
||||
| There are over | different types of antigen receptors.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? | multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a mechanism for the development of autoimmune disorders? | exposure of previously "hidden" self-antigens to the adaptive immune system
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about complement. | >>An adaptive immune mechanism is often involved in directing complement to its target.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is true about the number of binding sites per functional antibody unit? | IgD contains 4 binding sites.
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody functions include all of the following except | binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria or other microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement is true about T cells? | They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Toll-like receptors (TLRs) trigger the release of | to attract white blood cells to the scene.
🗑
|
||||
| Interleukin | inhibits or turns down the immune response.
🗑
|
||||
| Tc cells check each cell to see if | each cell has the proper surface code or "identity flag"
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T cells | A common APC
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophages | >>A common APC
🗑
|
||||
| Mast cells | A common APC
🗑
|
||||
| Null cells | A common APC
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma cells | A common APC
🗑
|
||||
| Acid mantle | Characterized by high numbers of neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| Gamma globulin | Characterized by high numbers of neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| Leukocytosis | >>Characterized by high numbers of neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| Opsonization | Characterized by high numbers of neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| Tumor necrosis factor | Characterized by high numbers of neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| Skin | Sticky mucous membrane lined with cilia
🗑
|
||||
| Stomach mucosa | Sticky mucous membrane lined with cilia
🗑
|
||||
| Saliva and tears | Sticky mucous membrane lined with cilia
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory tract | >>Sticky mucous membrane lined with cilia
🗑
|
||||
| Eosinophils | >>Defend against parasitic worms
🗑
|
||||
| Neutrophils | Defend against parasitic worms
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophages | Defend against parasitic worms
🗑
|
||||
| Natural killer cells | Defend against parasitic worms
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperemia | The process in which white blood cells are attracted to the site of an injury
🗑
|
||||
| Edema | The process in which white blood cells are attracted to the site of an injury
🗑
|
||||
| Exudate | The process in which white blood cells are attracted to the site of an injury
🗑
|
||||
| Chemotaxis | >>The process in which white blood cells are attracted to the site of an injury
🗑
|
||||
| Chemicals released from injured tissues stimulate rapid proliferation and release of cells | Margination
🗑
|
||||
| Neutrophils attach to CAMs on the endothelial linings in the injured area | >>Margination
🗑
|
||||
| Neutrophils squeeze through walls of capillaries into the tissues | Margination
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injured areas | Margination
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma cells | Attack and lyse cells that are not "self"
🗑
|
||||
| Memory B-cells | Attack and lyse cells that are not "self"
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T-cells | Attack and lyse cells that are not "self"
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T-cells | >>Attack and lyse cells that are not "self"
🗑
|
||||
| IgG | Levels greatly elevated during severe allergic responses
🗑
|
||||
| IgA | Levels greatly elevated during severe allergic responses
🗑
|
||||
| IgE | >>Levels greatly elevated during severe allergic responses
🗑
|
||||
| IgM | Levels greatly elevated during severe allergic responses
🗑
|
||||
| Immunity gained from being exposed to the pathogen and developing the illness | Active artificial
🗑
|
||||
| Immunity gained through injections of dead or attenuated strains of the disease causing agents | >>Active artificial
🗑
|
||||
| Immunity gained from transport of antibodies across the placental membrane or through the mother's milk | Active artificial
🗑
|
||||
| Immunity gained from injections of clonal antibodies to fight off a current pathogen invasion | Active artificial
🗑
|
||||
| Disease that destroys the myelin sheaths of the brain and spinal cord | >>Multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| Thyroid gland becomes hyperactive | Multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| Disease that destroys the linings of joints | Multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| Disease that leads to drooping of facial muscles because the neuromuscular junctions are damaged | Multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| Defenses we are born with | >>Innate
🗑
|
||||
| Defenses we gain through life experiences and exposure to antigens | Innate
🗑
|
||||
| Harmful microorganisms | Innate
🗑
|
||||
| System of proteins that lyse cell membranes | Innate
🗑
|
||||
| Proteins that attach to antigen | Innate
🗑
|
||||
| First line of defense. | Immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Second line of defense. | Immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Third line of defense. | >>Immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Innate defense system. | Immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Adaptive defense system. | >>Immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Small proteins secreted by virus-containing cells. | >>Interferon
🗑
|
||||
| Major innate mechanism that mediates destruction of foreign substances in the body. | Interferon
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes. | Interferon
🗑
|
||||
| Dampen the activity of both T cells and B cells. | Interferon
🗑
|
||||
| Present the double activation signal to T cells. | Interferon
🗑
|
||||
| Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response. | IgE
🗑
|
||||
| Protects mucosal barriers. | IgE
🗑
|
||||
| Involved in allergies. | >>IgE
🗑
|
||||
| Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor. | IgE
🗑
|
||||
| Activates complement. | IgE
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808761_dynA.jpg | Trachea
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808761_dynB.jpg | Trachea
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808761_dynC.jpg | Trachea
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808761_dynD.jpg | >>Trachea
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808761_dynE.jpg | Trachea
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808761_dynF.jpg | Trachea
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808762_dynA.jpg | >>False vocal cord
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808762_dynB.jpg | False vocal cord
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808762_dynC.jpg | False vocal cord
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808762_dynD.jpg | False vocal cord
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808763_dynA.jpg | Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808763_dynB.jpg | Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808763_dynC.jpg | Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808763_dynD.jpg | >>Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808764_dynA.jpg | >>Terminal bronchiole
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808764_dynB.jpg | Terminal bronchiole
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808764_dynC.jpg | Terminal bronchiole
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808764_dynD.jpg | Terminal bronchiole
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808764_dynE.jpg | Terminal bronchiole
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808765_dynA.jpg | Respiratory membrane
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808765_dynB.jpg | Respiratory membrane
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808765_dynC.jpg | Respiratory membrane
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808765_dynD.jpg | >>Respiratory membrane
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808766_dynA.jpg | Vital capacity
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808766_dynB.jpg | Vital capacity
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808766_dynC.jpg | Vital capacity
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808766_dynD.jpg | Vital capacity
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808766_dynE.jpg | >>Vital capacity
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808767_dynA.jpg | >>Dissolved in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808767_dynB.jpg | Dissolved in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808767_dynC.jpg | Dissolved in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808767_dynD.jpg | Dissolved in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808767_dynE.jpg | Dissolved in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808768_dynA.jpg | Medulla
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808768_dynB.jpg | Medulla
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808768_dynC.jpg | Medulla
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808768_dynD.jpg | >>Medulla
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808768_dynE.jpg | Medulla
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig221A.jpg | >>Pharynx.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig221B.jpg | >>Larynx.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig221C.jpg | >>Trachea.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig221D.jpg | >>Main (primary) bronchus.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig221E.jpg | >>Carina of trachea.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig222A.jpg | >>Inspiratory reserve volume.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig222B.jpg | >>Tidal volume.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig222C.jpg | >>Expiratory reserve volume.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig222D.jpg | >>Air that does not participate in the exchange of gases.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig222D.jpg | >>Residual volume.
🗑
|
||||
| Air moves into the lungs because | the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.
🗑
|
||||
| Alveolar ventilation rate is | movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
🗑
|
||||
| Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where | pH is more alkaline.
🗑
|
||||
| In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is | much higher than the PO2 for arterial blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is | carried by white blood cells.
🗑
|
||||
| The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the | thyroid cartilage.
🗑
|
||||
| The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called | cellular respiration.
🗑
|
||||
| This tissue lines the trachea. | Stratified squamous epithelium
🗑
|
||||
| Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest? | Expiratory reserve volume
🗑
|
||||
| Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter? | Pharynx
🗑
|
||||
| Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack may cause the person to become faint due to | effects of increased O2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following gases has no effect in the blood until hyperbaric conditions occur (as in SCUBA diving when one stays down too long at great depths), then a condition called ""rapture of the deep"" occurs, producing a narcotic-like effect as this g | Oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following terms describes the increase in depth and force of breathing that occurs during vigorous exercise? | Anoxia
🗑
|
||||
| About 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as | hydrogen ions.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following controls the respiratory rate? | Spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a direct function of the respiratory system? | External respiration
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone? | >>Gas exchange
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following functions is not performed by the respiratory system? | pulmonary ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| The philtrum of the nose is the part that is located | on the anterior margin.
🗑
|
||||
| The tubular tonsils arch over the opening to the | oropharynx.
🗑
|
||||
| The ____________ cartilage is connected to the vocal cords. | cuneiform
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about voice production is incorrect? | The glottis is wide when deep tones are produced.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a function of the trachealis muscle? | >>It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing.
🗑
|
||||
| The smallest subdivision of the lung that is visible to the naked eye is the | bronchiole.
🗑
|
||||
| An example of an enzyme located in the lung capillary membrane that acts on material in the blood is | >>angiotensin converting enzyme.
🗑
|
||||
| ______________ pressure keeps the air spaces in the lung opened. | >>Transpulmonary
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following conditions would not cause atelectasis? | a chest wound that perforates the pleura and allows air into the pleural cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Airway resistance is insignificant in relationship to gas flow because | in the respiratory system the airway resistance is not related to the diameter of the conducting tubes.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following would diminish lung compliance except | an increase in alveolar surface tension.
🗑
|
||||
| The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the ____________ and the __________ pressure. | atmospheric; intrapulmonary
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following conditions would not decrease the total respiratory compliance? | paralysis of the intercostal muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following non-respiratory movements would ventilate all of the alveoli? | >>yawning
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following would be caused by breathing excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period of time except | >>increased mental function.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would not directly decrease the alveolar surface involved in gas exchange? | emphysema
🗑
|
||||
| _____ secreted by endothelium of blood vessel is a well known vasodilator. | >>NO
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following non-respiratory movements is caused by irritation of the diaphragm? | coughing
🗑
|
||||
| The dorsal respiratory group | ends at the pons-medullary junction.
🗑
|
||||
| The pontine respiratory group is responsible for all of the following functions except | >>stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism of normal breathing patterns? | >>It is set by two sets of pacemakers that inhibit each other.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would not be found in a "blue bloater"? | cyanosis
🗑
|
||||
| Lung volume reduction surgery could be used to treat | pneumothorax.
🗑
|
||||
| Air and food are routed into the proper channels by the | trachea
🗑
|
||||
| The loudness of a person's voice depends on | the thickness of vestibular folds
🗑
|
||||
| The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is | >>to secrete surfactant
🗑
|
||||
| After the segmental (tertiary) bronchus, the next smaller branch of the respiratory passageway is (are) the | >>terminal bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| The smallest macroscopic subdivision of the lung is the | >>lobule
🗑
|
||||
| The pleurae are vital to the integrity of the lungs because | they contain cilia that protect the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Intrapulmonary pressure is the | pressure within the pleural cavity
🗑
|
||||
| The relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given by | >>Boyle's law
🗑
|
||||
| The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases | Henry's law
🗑
|
||||
| Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by | humidifying the air before it enters
🗑
|
||||
| For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be | at least 3 micrometers thick
🗑
|
||||
| With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because | a decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
🗑
|
||||
| The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is | loss of oxygen in tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Nerve impulses from | will result in inspiration.
🗑
|
||||
| In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is | >>only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in dissolved form
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is incorrect? | During fetal life, lungs are filled with fluid.
🗑
|
||||
| Another name for the inflation reflex is | Bohr
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not influence the increase in ventilation that occurs as exercise is initiated? | psychic stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer? | adenocarcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O 2 and dispose of CO2? | pulmonary ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the aveoli? | Cartilage gradually decreases and disappears at the bronchioles.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following determines lung compliance? | airway opening
🗑
|
||||
| Tidal volume is air | remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
🗑
|
||||
| The ideal vital capacity of an individual is around | 1200 ml
🗑
|
||||
| Possible causes of hypoxia include | >>too little oxygen in the atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the | tidal volume
🗑
|
||||
| Since the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange? | Respiratory exchanges are made through the ductus arteriosus.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing? | rising carbon dioxide levels
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory control centers are located in the | midbrain and medulla
🗑
|
||||
| The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called | reserve air
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement about CO2 is incorrect? | Its concentration in the blood is decreased by hyperventilation.
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by | osmosis
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the pharynx. | The pharyngeal tonsil is located in the laryngopharynx.
🗑
|
||||
| The larynx contains | >>the thyroid cartilage
🗑
|
||||
| Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon? | diaphragm would contract, external intercostals would relax
🗑
|
||||
| The oropharynx does not include | fauces
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not found on the right lobe of the lung? | middle lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Impairments of oxygen transport include | anemic hypoxia, usually caused by congestive heart failure
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following correctly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport? | 20% of CO2 is dissolved directly into the plasma.
🗑
|
||||
| Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include | thalamic control
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? | alveolar sacs
🗑
|
||||
| The respiratory membrane is a combination of | respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
🗑
|
||||
| Gas emboli may occur because | a person holds his breath too long
🗑
|
||||
| Inspiratory capacity is | >>the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Which center is located in the pons? | >>pontine respirator group (PRG)
🗑
|
||||
| The nose serves all the following functions except | as a passageway for air movement
🗑
|
||||
| A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by | 17 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn? | The respiratory rate of a newborn is slow.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control. | >>The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is correct? | H+ acts directly on central chemoreceptors to decrease the rate and depth of breathing.
🗑
|
||||
| The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are | the smooth muscles of the lung
🗑
|
||||
| The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because | the temperature is lower at higher altitudes
🗑
|
||||
| Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the | >>ciliated mucous lining in the nose
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not possible? | Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation. | A decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood: | During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs carries one molecule of O2
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these is not a characteristic of emphysema? | >>bronchial edema
🗑
|
||||
| Functional residual capacity | >>Volume of air in lungs after normal tidal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Inspiratory reserve | Volume of air in lungs after normal tidal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Tidal volume | Volume of air in lungs after normal tidal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Total lung capacity | Volume of air in lungs after normal tidal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Vital capacity | Volume of air in lungs after normal tidal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary ventilation | Movement of oxygen from the blood to tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| Transport of respiratory gases | Movement of oxygen from the blood to tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| Internal respiration | >>Movement of oxygen from the blood to tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| External respiration | Movement of oxygen from the blood to tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory zone | Movement of oxygen from the blood to tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| Conducting zone | Movement of oxygen from the blood to tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood
🗑
|
||||
| Boyle's law | >>Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship. Inspiration increases lung volume by enlarging all of its dimensions; lowers gas pressure inside lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| Dalton's law | Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship. Inspiration increases lung volume by enlarging all of its dimensions; lowers gas pressure inside lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| Henry's law | Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship. Inspiration increases lung volume by enlarging all of its dimensions; lowers gas pressure inside lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| Nasal cavity | Major branches of the cartilage-reinforced tube that go to each lung
🗑
|
||||
| Pharynx | Major branches of the cartilage-reinforced tube that go to each lung
🗑
|
||||
| Larynx | Major branches of the cartilage-reinforced tube that go to each lung
🗑
|
||||
| Trachea | Major branches of the cartilage-reinforced tube that go to each lung
🗑
|
||||
| Bronchi | >>Major branches of the cartilage-reinforced tube that go to each lung
🗑
|
||||
| Alveoli | Major branches of the cartilage-reinforced tube that go to each lung
🗑
|
||||
| Partially saturated hemoglobin | Gas exchange in the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Saturated hemoglobin | Gas exchange in the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygen in the process of combining with heme groups | >>Gas exchange in the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygen leaving heme groups | Gas exchange in the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic bronchitis | Associated with cigarette smoking; constant irritation of cilia are overwhelmed and eventually stop functioning; mutations occur in cells causing uncontrolled growth
🗑
|
||||
| Emphysema | Associated with cigarette smoking; constant irritation of cilia are overwhelmed and eventually stop functioning; mutations occur in cells causing uncontrolled growth
🗑
|
||||
| Asthma | Associated with cigarette smoking; constant irritation of cilia are overwhelmed and eventually stop functioning; mutations occur in cells causing uncontrolled growth
🗑
|
||||
| Lung cancer | >>Associated with cigarette smoking; constant irritation of cilia are overwhelmed and eventually stop functioning; mutations occur in cells causing uncontrolled growth
🗑
|
||||
| Single tube with C-rings of cartilage | Bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| Paired tubes with C-rings of cartilage. | Bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| 3 in the right lung, 2 in the left, plates of cartilage | Bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| 10 in each lung, small amounts of cartilage, smooth muscle dominates | Bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| Many small tubes of less than 1mm in diameter, smooth muscle only in the walls, no cartilage | >>Bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| No exchange of gases occurs here. | >>Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| Secrete a fluid containing surfactant. | Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins. | Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| Composed of simple squamous epithelium. | Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| Terminates in alveoli. | Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| Composed of cuboidal cells. | Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and | Segmental bronchi
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808836_dynA.jpg | Muscularis externa
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808836_dynB.jpg | Muscularis externa
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808836_dynC.jpg | Muscularis externa
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808836_dynD.jpg | >>Muscularis externa
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808836_dynE.jpg | Muscularis externa
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808837_dynA.jpg | Hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808837_dynB.jpg | Hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808837_dynC.jpg | Hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808837_dynD.jpg | >>Hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808837_dynE.jpg | Hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808837_dynF.jpg | Hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808838_dynA.jpg | Submandibular duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808838_dynB.jpg | Submandibular duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808838_dynC.jpg | Submandibular duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808838_dynD.jpg | Submandibular duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808838_dynE.jpg | >>Submandibular duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808838_dynF.jpg | Submandibular duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808839_dynA.jpg | Canine
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808839_dynB.jpg | >>Canine
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808839_dynC.jpg | Canine
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808839_dynD.jpg | Canine
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808840_dynA.jpg | >>Crown
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808840_dynB.jpg | Crown
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808840_dynC.jpg | Crown
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808840_dynD.jpg | Crown
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808840_dynE.jpg | Crown
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808840_dynF.jpg | Crown
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808841_dynA.jpg | Bile duct and sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808841_dynB.jpg | Bile duct and sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808841_dynC.jpg | Bile duct and sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808841_dynD.jpg | >>Bile duct and sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808841_dynE.jpg | Bile duct and sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808841_dynF.jpg | Bile duct and sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808842_dynA.jpg | >>Large circular folds
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808842_dynB.jpg | Large circular folds
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808842_dynC.jpg | Large circular folds
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808842_dynD.jpg | Large circular folds
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808842_dynE.jpg | Large circular folds
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808843_dynA.jpg | Bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808843_dynB.jpg | Bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808843_dynC.jpg | Bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808843_dynD.jpg | Bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808843_dynE.jpg | Bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808843_dynF.jpg | >>Bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231A.jpg | >>Area of the lamina propria.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231A.jpg | >>Mucosa.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231B.jpg | >>Duodenal glands found here.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231B.jpg | >>MALT found here.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231C.jpg | >>Smooth muscle layer.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231D.jpg | >>Continuation of the mesentery.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig231D.jpg | >>Serosa.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig232A.jpg | >>Structures that increase the absorptive area of the small intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig232B.jpg | >>Absorptive cells that line the intestinal tract.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig232C.jpg | >>Wide lymph capillary located in the villus.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig232D.jpg | >>Cell type specialized to secrete mucus into the lumen of the intestinal tract.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig232E.jpg | >>Paneth cells are found here.
🗑
|
||||
| In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the | >>Duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| During deglutition, the bolus passes into the stomach from the esophagus through the | pyloric sphincter.
🗑
|
||||
| During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, | the gastroenteric reflex reduces stomach activity.
🗑
|
||||
| Protective collections of lymphocytes and macrophages occur in | the muscularis externa.
🗑
|
||||
| Starch is chemically digested by enzymes produced in the | pancreas and stomach.
🗑
|
||||
| Swallowing reflexes begin when receptors are stimulated by food in this structure. | Stomach
🗑
|
||||
| Blood flows into the liver via the ___________ and ___________, while blood exits the liver via the ______________. | Sinusoids; portal vein; hepatic vein
🗑
|
||||
| The function of a lacteal is to | absorb amino acids.
🗑
|
||||
| The major outcome that occurs through mechanical digestive activities is | facilitation of absorption.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach? | Nucleic acids
🗑
|
||||
| The propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus is called | ingestion.
🗑
|
||||
| The stimulus for the release of pancreatic enzymes is | bile salts.
🗑
|
||||
| This structure is a modified portion of the small intestine mucosa that greatly increases the absorptive surface area. | Lacteal
🗑
|
||||
| Which activity below is a mixing action that exposes materials to secretions and absorptive surfaces? | Peristalsis
🗑
|
||||
| Which is a function of the large intestine? | Digestion of carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine? | It provides no absorptive function.
🗑
|
||||
| Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility? | Secretin
🗑
|
||||
| Which sequence below represents the correct layering of the wall of the GI tract beginning with the layer next to the lumen? | Submucosa - mucosa - muscularis externa - serosa
🗑
|
||||
| Which substance or occurrence would directly decrease gastric activity? | Insulin activity
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract? | >>Salivary glands
🗑
|
||||
| The ampulla of Vater (a.k.a. hepatopancreatic ampulla) is formed from the union of the | greater duodenal papilla with the lesser duodenal papilla
🗑
|
||||
| What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi? | >>Decreased surface area for absorption would cause weight loss to occur.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following products does the stomach produce? | >>HCl and intrinsic factor
🗑
|
||||
| The final product of carbohydrate digestion is | glycogen.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following cells produce HCl? | >>Parietal cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen? | Parietal cells
🗑
|
||||
| Most absorption takes place in the ______. | duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| The digestive system in a cadaver is longer than in a living person because in a cadaver there is no | digestion taking place.
🗑
|
||||
| ________________ is the major means of propulsion in the digestive system. | Defecation
🗑
|
||||
| The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by | the parasympathetic system.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the mesentery is incorrect? | It holds the organs of the abdomen in place.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following organs are retroperitoneal except the | parts of the large intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following arteries is not a branch of the celiac trunk? | >>the hepatic portal track
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the most common cause of peritonitis? | ruptured pancreatic cyst
🗑
|
||||
| Particularly large collections of lymphoid follicles are found in the pharynx and the | rectum.
🗑
|
||||
| The myxovirus causes | infectious mononucleosis.
🗑
|
||||
| Halitosis is caused by | lack of amylase in saliva.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following teeth are most commonly impacted? | >>wisdom teeth
🗑
|
||||
| ___________ is the strongest material in the body. | Dentin
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following conditions is directly associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke? | >>periodontitis
🗑
|
||||
| Lingual lipase is present in | gastric secretion.
🗑
|
||||
| The "mucosal barrier" involves all of the following mechanisms except | replacement of damaged gastric mucosal cells by the division of undifferentiated stem cells in the gastric pits.
🗑
|
||||
| The only stomach function that is essential to life is | the secretion of pepsinogen.
🗑
|
||||
| The ___________ phase of gastric secretion is considered a conditioned reflex. | gastric
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would not directly stimulate the secretion of gastrin? | alkalinity
🗑
|
||||
| HCl secretion is stimulated by the binding of all of the following substances except | >>norepinephrine.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following intestinal hormones is not part of the enterogastrone? | >>gastrin
🗑
|
||||
| Hollow organs like the stomach that act as reservoirs exhibit | peristalsis.
🗑
|
||||
| Many of the early food allergies seen in infants are due to | lactase deficiency.
🗑
|
||||
| A condition that affects the large bowel, but has no physiological or anatomical cause is | a hiatal hernia.
🗑
|
||||
| The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located | in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen
🗑
|
||||
| The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to | carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
🗑
|
||||
| The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called | >>digestion
🗑
|
||||
| When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called | absorption
🗑
|
||||
| The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called | >>mesenteries
🗑
|
||||
| From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. | muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
🗑
|
||||
| The structure known as the fauces is the | submaxillary gland
🗑
|
||||
| The epithelial membrane called the mucosa | absorbs mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
🗑
|
||||
| The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the | muscularis mucosae
🗑
|
||||
| The plicae circulares and intestinal villi are found in which of the four layers of the alimentary tube wall? | >>mucosa
🗑
|
||||
| The structures that produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine are the | lacteals
🗑
|
||||
| The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? | >>plicae circulares and intestinal villi
🗑
|
||||
| Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. | There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth? | >>There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not true of saliva? | cleanses the mouth
🗑
|
||||
| The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells? | goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells
🗑
|
||||
| The solutes contained in saliva include | only salts and minerals
🗑
|
||||
| In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach | >>initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Chyme is created in the | mouth
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? | chief cells
🗑
|
||||
| Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products? | >>enteroendocrine cells
🗑
|
||||
| There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs | >>before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
🗑
|
||||
| Peristaltic waves are | segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
🗑
|
||||
| Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of | starches and complex carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the | >>chief cells of the stomach
🗑
|
||||
| You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? | gastrin
🗑
|
||||
| The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the | portal vein
🗑
|
||||
| The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called | diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? | rennin
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal cells of the stomach produce | mucin
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatocytes do not | >>produce digestive enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion? | cephalic
🗑
|
||||
| Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? | >>B12
🗑
|
||||
| Chief cells | occur in the intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of | mastication
🗑
|
||||
| The | contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.
🗑
|
||||
| If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the | >>serosa
🗑
|
||||
| The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the | duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for? | incisor tooth
🗑
|
||||
| Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? | >>lipids
🗑
|
||||
| ______ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a cofactor. | Iron
🗑
|
||||
| Important peritoneal folds do not include the | omenta
🗑
|
||||
| The lamina propria is composed of | >>loose connective tissue
🗑
|
||||
| ______ is/are not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion. | Distension
🗑
|
||||
| Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the | accessory pancreatic duct
🗑
|
||||
| The function of the goblet cells is to | absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
🗑
|
||||
| Under normal conditions, the gastric mucosa pours out as much as | 10 liters of gastric juice per hour
🗑
|
||||
| Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by | somatic neurons in the spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? | >>fungiform and circumvallate
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following produce intrinsic factor? | >>parietal cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins? | dextrinase
🗑
|
||||
| Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body? | >>tongue
🗑
|
||||
| A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is | >>bile
🗑
|
||||
| The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the | mucosa
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It | does not contain villi
🗑
|
||||
| Tooth structure includes | the dentin, which is the hardest substance in the body
🗑
|
||||
| The propulsion of food down the gastrointestinal tract includes | >>the pharyngeal-esophageal phase, an involuntary process
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion. | Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.
🗑
|
||||
| Paneth cells | are more common in the ileum than in the jejunum
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about digestive processes. | Enterogastrone is a hormone that helps increase gastric motility.
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves | a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about absorption. | Eighty percent of ingested materials have been absorbed by the end of the large intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. | Chlorine ion absorption is coupled to glucose and amino acid transport.
🗑
|
||||
| You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the following glands would be active in helping you to digest this food? | >>the pancreas
🗑
|
||||
| The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? | Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.
🗑
|
||||
| The mucosa of the developing alimentary tube comes from | ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the ba | acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include | ACh
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation? | hepatic portal vein
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these is not a component of saliva? | lysozyme
🗑
|
||||
| There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig | antibody-mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems.
🗑
|
||||
| Chief | Phagocytic
🗑
|
||||
| Islet | Phagocytic
🗑
|
||||
| Paneth | Phagocytic
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal | Phagocytic
🗑
|
||||
| Kupffer | >>Phagocytic
🗑
|
||||
| Ingestion | Passage of digested materials from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanical Digestion | Passage of digested materials from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical Digestion | Passage of digested materials from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Absorption | >>Passage of digested materials from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Defecation | Passage of digested materials from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph
🗑
|
||||
| In direct contact with ingested food. | Serosa
🗑
|
||||
| Dense connective tissue with many elastic fibers | Serosa
🗑
|
||||
| Composed of longitudinal and circular layers of smooth muscle | Serosa
🗑
|
||||
| Same structure as the visceral peritoneum | >>Serosa
🗑
|
||||
| Parotid gland | >>Large salivary gland lying near the ear
🗑
|
||||
| Oropharynx | Large salivary gland lying near the ear
🗑
|
||||
| Submandibular gland | Large salivary gland lying near the ear
🗑
|
||||
| Secures the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity | Large salivary gland lying near the ear
🗑
|
||||
| Rugae | Located at the inferior end and controls stomach emptying
🗑
|
||||
| Pyloric sphincter | >>Located at the inferior end and controls stomach emptying
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac sphincter | Located at the inferior end and controls stomach emptying
🗑
|
||||
| Body | Located at the inferior end and controls stomach emptying
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulated by the sight or smell of food | >>Cephalic phase
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulated by distension of the stomach and low acidity | Cephalic phase
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulated by partially digested proteins and fats | Cephalic phase
🗑
|
||||
| Secretin | Inhibits gastric gland secretions, released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the duodenum.
🗑
|
||||
| CCK | Inhibits gastric gland secretions, released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the duodenum.
🗑
|
||||
| Gastrin | Inhibits gastric gland secretions, released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the duodenum.
🗑
|
||||
| GIP | >>Inhibits gastric gland secretions, released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the duodenum.
🗑
|
||||
| Contains openings for the bile and pancreatic ducts | Microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Deep permanent folds of the mucosa and submucosa | Microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Contains the valve that connects to the large intestines | Microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Finger-like projections of the mucosa | Microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Also known as the brush border | >>Microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Carbohydrates | Made up of ribose or deoxyribose sugars and nitrogenous bases
🗑
|
||||
| Lipids | Made up of ribose or deoxyribose sugars and nitrogenous bases
🗑
|
||||
| Proteins | Made up of ribose or deoxyribose sugars and nitrogenous bases
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleic acids | >>Made up of ribose or deoxyribose sugars and nitrogenous bases
🗑
|
||||
| Salivary amylase | >>Begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
🗑
|
||||
| Trypsin | Begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
🗑
|
||||
| Bile | Begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
🗑
|
||||
| Sucrase, lactase and maltase | Begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
🗑
|
||||
| Crown | Embedded in the jawbone.
🗑
|
||||
| Root | >>Embedded in the jawbone.
🗑
|
||||
| Cementum | Embedded in the jawbone.
🗑
|
||||
| Periodontal ligament | Embedded in the jawbone.
🗑
|
||||
| Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube. | Absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be absorbed. | Absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule. | Absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Process by which the products of digestion pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph. | >>Absorption
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808930_dynA.jpg | Glyceraldehyde phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808930_dynB.jpg | >>Glyceraldehyde phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808930_dynC.jpg | Glyceraldehyde phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808930_dynD.jpg | Glyceraldehyde phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808931_dynA.jpg | >>Acetyl Co-A
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808931_dynB.jpg | Acetyl Co-A
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808931_dynC.jpg | Acetyl Co-A
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808931_dynD.jpg | Acetyl Co-A
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808931_dynE.jpg | Acetyl Co-A
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808932_dynA.jpg | ATP Synthase
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808932_dynB.jpg | ATP Synthase
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808932_dynC.jpg | ATP Synthase
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808932_dynD.jpg | ATP Synthase
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808932_dynE.jpg | ATP Synthase
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2808932_dynF.jpg | >>ATP Synthase
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig241A.jpg | >>H+ ions.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig241B.jpg | >>NADH dehydrogenase complex.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig241C.jpg | >>Electron (e-).
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig241D.jpg | >>Cytochrome b-C1.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig241E.jpg | >>Water.
🗑
|
||||
| A major means for conserving heat is | >>vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels.
🗑
|
||||
| Essential nutrients | include most carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats.
🗑
|
||||
| In cellular respiration, how many ATP molecules are produced for each glucose metabolized by aerobic respiration? | 16
🗑
|
||||
| In glycolysis, glucose must be activated with the use of how many ATP molecules? | 5
🗑
|
||||
| In glycolysis, how is ATP formed? | >>Through substrate level events
🗑
|
||||
| Most vitamins | are used as building blocks for the body.
🗑
|
||||
| One function of Vitamin A is to | assist in blood clotting.
🗑
|
||||
| The stage of cell respiration in which carbon dioxide is removed from a carbon source is | anabolism.
🗑
|
||||
| The hormone responsible for setting basal metabolic rate is | insulin.
🗑
|
||||
| The most significant source of heat in the body is | evaporation.
🗑
|
||||
| The process in which glucose is converted to a storage form | is very energy consuming.
🗑
|
||||
| The process of cellular respiration | requires more energy input than is released.
🗑
|
||||
| Fats have many more calories than carbohydrates because they | >>contain many more potential acetyl groups to enter Krebs' cycle.
🗑
|
||||
| The site of electron transport is the | cytoplasm.
🗑
|
||||
| The thermoregulatory center is located in the | thymus gland.
🗑
|
||||
| Which coenzymes are reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs' cycle? | Coenzyme A
🗑
|
||||
| Which element below is considered a trace mineral? | Sodium
🗑
|
||||
| Which event would occur in the absorptive state? | >>Insulin release
🗑
|
||||
| Which lipoprotein contains high levels of cholesterol? | HDL
🗑
|
||||
| A nutritionally incomplete protein lacks | actin and myosin.
🗑
|
||||
| Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by | >>oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport.
🗑
|
||||
| A function of the liver during the post-absorptive state is to | lipogenesis.
🗑
|
||||
| The hormone that controls essentially all events of the absorptive state is | ADH.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to lose weight? | An increase in metabolism that increases the appetite
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs to maintain life? | TMR
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a physiologic response to hypothermia? | Covering up with a blanket
🗑
|
||||
| A kilocalorie is the amount of energy needed to | move one kilogram of water one meter.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are considered major nutrients except | protein.
🗑
|
||||
| Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are | essential for the human body to function.
🗑
|
||||
| Soluble fibers are found in ______ and help to lower cholesterol. | >>apples
🗑
|
||||
| Highly refined carbohydrates are considered | insoluble fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| 85% of blood cholesterol is produced | by the breakdown of worn out RBCs in the spleen.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are beneficial functions of dietary fat except | facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
🗑
|
||||
| Strict vegetarians who eat _________________ would obtain all the essential amino acids in their diets. | only green leafy vegetables
🗑
|
||||
| Excess amino acids in the diet are | are lost in the urine.
🗑
|
||||
| Prolonged high protein intake can lead to | muscle building.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following substances would be considered a "provitamin"? | niacin
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is not stored in the body? | vitamin D
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about a "redox" reaction is correct? | Oxidized substances gain energy.
🗑
|
||||
| The final product of glycolysis is | >>two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP.
🗑
|
||||
| Cyanide acts as a poison by | blocking glycolysis.
🗑
|
||||
| The best diet for an endurance athlete to maintain before a race is one high in | fat.
🗑
|
||||
| Most products of fat digestion are transported in the lymph as | glycerol.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following use triglycerides as their primary source of energy except | skeletal muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| During fasts lasting several weeks, blood glucose is maintained by | lipolysis.
🗑
|
||||
| A low density lipoproteins would contain | a low cholesterol content.
🗑
|
||||
| The role of _____________ is to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver where it is broken down and becomes part of bile. | >>high-density lipoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following hormones would suppress appetite except | insulin.
🗑
|
||||
| The official medical measurement of obesity is the | >>body mass index.
🗑
|
||||
| ___________ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting _____ that is the most powerful known appetite stimulant. | growth hormone; lipase
🗑
|
||||
| When the body core temperature drops below 30-32 Degrees C, all of the following would occur except | cessation of shivering.
🗑
|
||||
| The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is | fat
🗑
|
||||
| Peptides called NPY and AgRP | serve as indicators of the body's total energy stores
🗑
|
||||
| Dietary fats are important because | they keep blood pressure normal
🗑
|
||||
| Cholesterol, while it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because | >>it is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? | derived from meat and fish only
🗑
|
||||
| The term metabolism is best defined as | the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats
🗑
|
||||
| The term metabolic rate includes | >>the total heat produced by the body
🗑
|
||||
| When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly | >>urea
🗑
|
||||
| It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because | vitamins provide protection against the common cold
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation-reduction reactions are catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? | >>dehydrogenases and oxidases
🗑
|
||||
| A diet rich in minerals would include which of the following foods? | fats, sugars, and apples
🗑
|
||||
| Anabolism includes reactions in which | carbohydrate utilization increases
🗑
|
||||
| Catabolism would be best described as a processes that | causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies
🗑
|
||||
| The primary function of cellular respiration is to | determine the amount of heat needed by the human body
🗑
|
||||
| The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as | gluconeogenesis
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? | >>oxidative phosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
| Lipogenesis occurs when | there is a shortage of fatty acids
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidative deamination takes place in the | >>liver
🗑
|
||||
| Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is | transferred to acetyl CoA
🗑
|
||||
| Glycogen is formed in the liver during the | postabsorptive state
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a normal consequence of the activation of the heat -promoting center? | >>release of epinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| Gluconeogenesis is the process in which | glycogen is broken down to release glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the | conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
🗑
|
||||
| Among the conditions required for measuring the basal metabolic rate is | being in an absorptive state
🗑
|
||||
| The primary function of carbohydrates is | to contribute to cell structure
🗑
|
||||
| In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except | >>production of energy
🗑
|
||||
| The most abundant dietary lipids are | cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| Loss of heat in the form of infrared waves is termed | >>radiation
🗑
|
||||
| In carbohydrate metabolism, the carbohydrates | >>are converted into fat if present in excess
🗑
|
||||
| Prostaglandins play a role in | skeletal muscle contraction
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins are organic compounds. They | are classified as water-soluble or protein-soluble classes
🗑
|
||||
| As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. | liver
🗑
|
||||
| In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and | are converted to glucose.
🗑
|
||||
| In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as | in the oxidative state.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is most correct? | >>Saturated fats stimulate the liver to synthesize cholesterol.
🗑
|
||||
| Heat-loss mechanisms do not include | reducing activity
🗑
|
||||
| The amount of | produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR.
🗑
|
||||
| When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| Many factors influence BMR. What is the most critical factor? | the way an individual metabolizes fat
🗑
|
||||
| The primary reason elderly people should decrease their caloric intake is that | >>muscle mass and metabolism decline with age
🗑
|
||||
| The primary reason the elderly seem to have more negative nutrition -related effects from medications is that | they often fail to take their medications as prescribed
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of mineral oil as a laxative? | >>It interferes with the absorption of fat-soluble minerals.
🗑
|
||||
| While the amount of protein required in the diet varies depending on age, size, and needs, the daily recommendation is approximately | 0.4 g/kg body weight
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? | >>fats
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? | electron transport
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not true of beta oxidation? | It occurs in the mitochondrion.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about proteins. | Strict vegetarians need not worry about adequate protein intake, as most vegetables are almost perfect sources of amino acids.
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation reduction reactions | utilize hydrogenases
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin | is present in the body as coenzyme FAD and FMN and is a component of amino acid oxidase.
🗑
|
||||
| The "pickup" molecule for the Krebs cycle is | acid.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is correct? | Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is correct? | A 24-carbon fatty acid yields 6 acetyl CoA molecules.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following food groups are considered good sources of complete proteins? | corn, cottonseed oil, soy oil, and wheat germ
🗑
|
||||
| Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include | adequate essential amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| When a person's hypothalamic thermostat is set to a higher level and the actual body temperature is below that level, the person may | pant
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement. | Anabolism is the process of breaking down large substances into smaller ones.
🗑
|
||||
| The liver synthesizes lipoproteins for cholesterol transport. Select the other function(s) of the liver. | >>synthesizes a component essential for blood clotting
🗑
|
||||
| Glucose can be obtained from | >>glycogenolysis
🗑
|
||||
| Which is not a function of LDLs? | >>transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance? | >>Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis.
🗑
|
||||
| Beta oxidation | Results in pyruvic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Fermentation | Results in pyruvic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Glycolysis | >>Results in pyruvic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Krebs cycle | Results in pyruvic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidative phosphorylation | Results in pyruvic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Carbohydrate | Comprised of fatty acids and glycerol; should be less than 30% of caloric intake
🗑
|
||||
| Protein | Comprised of fatty acids and glycerol; should be less than 30% of caloric intake
🗑
|
||||
| Lipids | >>Comprised of fatty acids and glycerol; should be less than 30% of caloric intake
🗑
|
||||
| Minerals | Comprised of fatty acids and glycerol; should be less than 30% of caloric intake
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins | Comprised of fatty acids and glycerol; should be less than 30% of caloric intake
🗑
|
||||
| Carbohydrates | Solvent for chemical reactions in body
🗑
|
||||
| Lipids | Solvent for chemical reactions in body
🗑
|
||||
| Proteins | Solvent for chemical reactions in body
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins | Solvent for chemical reactions in body
🗑
|
||||
| Minerals | Solvent for chemical reactions in body
🗑
|
||||
| Water | >>Solvent for chemical reactions in body
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin A | Enhances absorption of calcium; works in conjunction with hormones regulating calcium blood levels
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin E | Enhances absorption of calcium; works in conjunction with hormones regulating calcium blood levels
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin D | >>Enhances absorption of calcium; works in conjunction with hormones regulating calcium blood levels
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin K | Enhances absorption of calcium; works in conjunction with hormones regulating calcium blood levels
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin C | >>Important in formation of connective tissues; antioxidant; conversion of tryptophan to serotonin; conversion of cholesterol to bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | Important in formation of connective tissues; antioxidant; conversion of tryptophan to serotonin; conversion of cholesterol to bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | Important in formation of connective tissues; antioxidant; conversion of tryptophan to serotonin; conversion of cholesterol to bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| Niacin | Important in formation of connective tissues; antioxidant; conversion of tryptophan to serotonin; conversion of cholesterol to bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| Folic acid | Important in formation of connective tissues; antioxidant; conversion of tryptophan to serotonin; conversion of cholesterol to bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin B12 | Important in formation of connective tissues; antioxidant; conversion of tryptophan to serotonin; conversion of cholesterol to bile salts
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium | Avocados, dried apricots, meat, fish, fowl, cereals, bananas
🗑
|
||||
| Sulfur | Avocados, dried apricots, meat, fish, fowl, cereals, bananas
🗑
|
||||
| Potassium | >>Avocados, dried apricots, meat, fish, fowl, cereals, bananas
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium | Avocados, dried apricots, meat, fish, fowl, cereals, bananas
🗑
|
||||
| Magnesium | Avocados, dried apricots, meat, fish, fowl, cereals, bananas
🗑
|
||||
| Phosphorus | Avocados, dried apricots, meat, fish, fowl, cereals, bananas
🗑
|
||||
| Glycolysis | >>2 molecules of pyruvic acid and two NADH + H+
🗑
|
||||
| Krebs cycle | 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and two NADH + H+
🗑
|
||||
| Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and two NADH + H+
🗑
|
||||
| Glycolysis | Breakdown of lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Lipolysis | >>Breakdown of lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Gluconeogenesis | Breakdown of lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Lipogenesis | Breakdown of lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Glycogenesis | Breakdown of lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Transamination | Breakdown of lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Glucose serves as the initial reactant. | Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
🗑
|
||||
| Involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate molecule. | >>Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
🗑
|
||||
| Occurs in the cytosol of a cell. | Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
🗑
|
||||
| Produces the most ATP | >>Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
🗑
|
||||
| Involves the use of oxygen to pick up excess hydrogen and electrons. | >>Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
🗑
|
||||
| Night blindness can often be caused by a deficiency in | vitamin K
🗑
|
||||
| Found abundant in lean meats, liver, fish, leafy green vegetables, and legumes. | vitamin K
🗑
|
||||
| A condition known as beriberi can result from a deficiency in | vitamin K
🗑
|
||||
| A person who required a prolonged clotting time would most likely be deficient in | >>vitamin K
🗑
|
||||
| Dermatitis is often a result of a deficiency in | vitamin K
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809016_dynA.jpg | Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809016_dynB.jpg | Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809016_dynC.jpg | Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809016_dynD.jpg | Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809016_dynE.jpg | >>Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809016_dynF.jpg | Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809017_dynA.jpg | >>Detrusor muscle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809017_dynB.jpg | Detrusor muscle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809017_dynC.jpg | Detrusor muscle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809017_dynD.jpg | Detrusor muscle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809017_dynE.jpg | Detrusor muscle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251A.jpg | >>Afferent arteriole.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251A.jpg | >>Structue most closely associated with granular cells.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251B.jpg | >>Collecting duct.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251C.jpg | >>Glomerulus.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251D.jpg | >>Peritubular capillaries.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251E.jpg | >>Loop of Henle.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig251E.jpg | >>Medulla of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252A.jpg | >>Is composed of simple squamous epithelium.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252B.jpg | >>Podocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252C.jpg | >>Cells that are most affected by ADH.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252C.jpg | >>Collecting duct cells.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252D.jpg | >>Almost no water is absorbed in these cells.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252E.jpg | >>Cells that are the most active in reabsorbing the filtrate.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252E.jpg | >>Cells that reabsorb virtually all the nutrients.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252E.jpg | >>Filtrate at the site of these cells is about the same osmolarity as blood plasma.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig252E.jpg | >>Proximal convoluted tubule cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Facultative Na+ reabsorption occurs in the | >>distal convoluted tubule.
🗑
|
||||
| How is Na+ reabsorbed? | >>Active transport using ATP
🗑
|
||||
| In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce | a larger volume of urine.
🗑
|
||||
| Major calyces are | the expanded ends of renal pyramids
🗑
|
||||
| Micturition is | only present in males.
🗑
|
||||
| Nephron cells that respond to the concentration of filtrate are | juxtaglomerular cells.
🗑
|
||||
| One of the roles of the countercurrent mechanism in the nephron is to | produce a glucose gradient that will facilitate the reabsorption of glucose.
🗑
|
||||
| The ability to concentrate urine depends on the functions of | the Bowman's capsule.
🗑
|
||||
| The basic functional unit of the kidney is the | loop of Henle.
🗑
|
||||
| The blood supply to the nephron is the | interlobular artery.
🗑
|
||||
| The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the | papilla.
🗑
|
||||
| The most important factor affecting the glomerular filtration rate is | capsular osmotic pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| When the concentration of ADH increases | more urine is produced.
🗑
|
||||
| Which artery below has the smallest diameter? | Arcuate artery
🗑
|
||||
| Which process results in increased glomerular filtration in response to hormone release? | Countercurrent mechanism
🗑
|
||||
| Which structure is the muscular tube that delivers urine to the bladder? | Papillary duct
🗑
|
||||
| Which substance below would probably have the lowest reabsorption rate? | Amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| Which substance would NOT be expected in urine normally? | Nitrogenous waste
🗑
|
||||
| Which urine formation process below results in acid elimination? | Reabsorption
🗑
|
||||
| Arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes through them to the external environment. | 1,2,3,4,5
🗑
|
||||
| If the efferent arteriole constricts while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged, the glomerular filtration rate | does NOT change.
🗑
|
||||
| Death of mitochondria in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle would result in | decreased Na+and Cl- ions in the urine output.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the main substance reabsorbed in the region of the descending limb of the loop of Henle? | >>Water
🗑
|
||||
| Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine can indicate | trauma to the kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| GFR is regulated mostly by | autonomic regulation
🗑
|
||||
| The reabsorption of amino acids and glucose when filtrate concentration is high is by | simple diffusion.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the urinary system are incorrect? | It produces erythropoietin that stimulates red blood cell formation.
🗑
|
||||
| The renal hilum lies on the ______ surface of the kidney. | inferior
🗑
|
||||
| The _____________ attaches the kidney to the posterior body wall. | >>perirenal fat capsule
🗑
|
||||
| Renal ptosis would lead to | degeneration of the perirenal fat.
🗑
|
||||
| The renal ___________ is continuous with the ureter. | cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following cells in the kidney play a major part in the regulation of body water and Na+ balance? | Intercalated cells B
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about juxtaglomerular cells is incorrect? | They contain large secretory granules that contain renin.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are layers of the filtration membrane in the Glomerular membrane except the | >>renal capsule.
🗑
|
||||
| The ______________ can contract, changing the total surface are of the capillaries available for filtration in the glomerulus. | intercalated cells
🗑
|
||||
| Proteins are not normally found in glomerular filtrate because | they are small molecules that are quickly swept along in the blood stream.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the kidneys is incorrect? | 120-125 ml of plasma is forced into the renal tubules each minute.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following functions are carried out in the renal tubules except | formation of urine.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a function of Angiotensin II? | It causes glomerular mesangial cells to contract.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following would stimulate the release of renin from granular cells except | >>inhibition by the macula densa cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following chemicals acts as a vasodilator systemically but causes constriction of the renal vasculature locally? | >>adenosine
🗑
|
||||
| The energy needed for secondary active transport is provided by the | renal capillary hydrostatic pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| There is a transport maximum for every substance reabsorbed by the kidney except ________. | protein
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is the countercurrent multiplier in the kidney? | the proximal convoluted tubules
🗑
|
||||
| Urea transport into the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by ________. | renin
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following substances is the standard substance used to measure the GFR? | protein
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements about renal disease are true except which? | >>Stage 5 chronic renal disease occurs when the GFR is 60-89 ml/min.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following substances is the largest component of urine by weight after water? | creatinine
🗑
|
||||
| The less severe form of polycystic kidney disease is caused by | >>an autosomal dominant gene.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not associated with primary nocturnal enuresis? | inadequate nocturnal ADH production
🗑
|
||||
| The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the | >>loop of Henle
🗑
|
||||
| Urine passes through the | renal hilum to the bladder to the ureter
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is associated with the renal corpuscle? | a podocyte
🗑
|
||||
| An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to | a decrease in the production of ADH
🗑
|
||||
| The urinary bladder is composed of | epithelium.
🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin | when the peritubular capillaries are dilated
🗑
|
||||
| Blood vessels of the renal columns are called | lobar
🗑
|
||||
| Which gland sits atop each kidney? | >>adrenal
🗑
|
||||
| The | artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it | has a basement membrane
🗑
|
||||
| The descending limb of the loop of Henle | is not permeable to water
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the ureters. | Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine.
🗑
|
||||
| The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because | it ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently
🗑
|
||||
| The renal corpuscle is made up of | >>Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
🗑
|
||||
| The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is | >>the nephron
🗑
|
||||
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for | the secretion of drugs
🗑
|
||||
| The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is | the design and size of the podocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters? | >>They are trilayered (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia).
🗑
|
||||
| The first major branch of the renal artery is | arcuate
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)? | >>The stretching of the bladder wall serves as the trigger.
🗑
|
||||
| The filtration membrane includes all except | glomerular endothelium
🗑
|
||||
| The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is | active transport
🗑
|
||||
| Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules | is not Tm limited
🗑
|
||||
| The macula densa cells respond to | aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? | Na+
🗑
|
||||
| The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of | glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it | is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells
🗑
|
||||
| The function of angiotensin II is to | >>constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is | diabetes mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is | 1.041-1.073
🗑
|
||||
| Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.1.major calyx 2.minor calyx 3.nephron 4.urethra 5.ureter 6.collecting duct | 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the nephrons. | >>The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.
🗑
|
||||
| What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal? | Net filtration would increase above normal.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | granular cells
🗑
|
||||
| Tubular reabsorption | includes substances such as creatinine
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement is true about urine? | Urine is usually slightly alkaline.
🗑
|
||||
| Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by | facilitated diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood -derived fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body is | 50%, or 90 L
🗑
|
||||
| Fetal kidneys do not have to work very hard because | fetuses do not have any waste to excrete
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)? | Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age.
🗑
|
||||
| The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is | the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid | will be actively secreted into the filtrate
🗑
|
||||
| If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean? | The glucose molecule is too large to be filtered out of the blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Excretion of dilute urine requires | relative permeability of the distal tubule to water
🗑
|
||||
| As the renal artery approaches the kidney, it branches to supply the renal tissue. Place the following in correct sequence starting from the renal artery. 1.segmental 2.cortical radiate 3.arcuate 4.interlobar | >>1, 4, 3, 2
🗑
|
||||
| In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle | the thin segment is freely permeable to water
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about urinary system development. | >>Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
🗑
|
||||
| The disruption in homeostasis known as pyelitis is | a virus that appears only in children because of poor hygiene
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement is correct? | >>Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled.
🗑
|
||||
| Creatinine | Not normally found in the urine
🗑
|
||||
| Glucose | >>Not normally found in the urine
🗑
|
||||
| Na+ | Not normally found in the urine
🗑
|
||||
| Urea | Not normally found in the urine
🗑
|
||||
| Uric acid | Not normally found in the urine
🗑
|
||||
| Juxtaglomerular cells | Long nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| Juxtamedullary nephrons | >>Long nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| Macula densa cells | Long nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| Renal capsule | Long nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| Renal fascia | Long nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| Composed of cone shaped dark-red masses | Renal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Light tan in appearance and just deep to the capsule | >>Renal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Small cup-shaped structures at the apex of the renal pyramids | Renal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Flat funnel-shaped tube that enters into the ureter | Renal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Large knot of capillaries at the beginning of the nephron | Renal corpuscle
🗑
|
||||
| Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule collectively | >>Renal corpuscle
🗑
|
||||
| The capillary pores of the glomerulus | Renal corpuscle
🗑
|
||||
| Specialized branched epithelial cells that cling to the glomerulus | Renal corpuscle
🗑
|
||||
| Primary site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption | >>Proximal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| The major substance reabsorbed here is water by osmosis. | Proximal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium is reabsorbed actively in this region | Proximal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium and water are reabsorbed under hormonal influence in this region | Proximal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| The force of blood against the walls of the glomerular capillaries | >>Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Force that pulls fluid back into the glomerulus from the capsular space | Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Pressure exerted by fluid in the glomerular capsule against the fluids coming out of the glomerulus. | Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| The sum of all the pressures that act at the level of the glomerulus; it is responsible for the formation of filtrate | Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Afferent arterioles constrict in response to a rise in blood pressure, thus restricting the flow of blood into the glomerulus | Renin-angiotensin system
🗑
|
||||
| A drop in flow rate through the nephron or a rise in the osmolality of filtrate triggers regulation by this mechanism | Renin-angiotensin system
🗑
|
||||
| Vasomotor tone throughout the body is controlled this branch of the nervous system | Renin-angiotensin system
🗑
|
||||
| A drop in systemic blood pressure triggers the release of an enzyme by the kidneys; the release of the enzyme triggers this regulatory system | >>Renin-angiotensin system
🗑
|
||||
| ADH | A powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Aldosterone | A powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Renin | A powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Angiotensin II | >>A powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Usually seen in association with trauma to the kidneys or along the urinary tract | >>Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Elevated levels are expected in a diabetic | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Elevated levels are evidence of starvation or untreated diabetes mellitus | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Often seen after excessive physical exertion (working out) | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Blood vessel leading directly into the glomerulus | Efferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| Capillaries that surround the tubules of the nephron | Efferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| These are the first branches of the renal artery after it enters the hilum of the kidney | Efferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| Specialized blood vessel leading away from the glomerulus | >>Efferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| In the renal column | >>Interlobar artery
🗑
|
||||
| Between the cortex and medulla | Interlobar artery
🗑
|
||||
| Exiting the kidney | Interlobar artery
🗑
|
||||
| Vasa recta | Interlobar artery
🗑
|
||||
| Proximal convoluted tubule. | Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
🗑
|
||||
| Glomerulus. | Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
🗑
|
||||
| Peritubular capillaries. | Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
🗑
|
||||
| Collecting duct. | >>Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
🗑
|
||||
| Arcuate vein. | Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809104_dynA.jpg | Homeostatic plasma levels of Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809104_dynB.jpg | Homeostatic plasma levels of Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809104_dynC.jpg | Homeostatic plasma levels of Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809104_dynD.jpg | Homeostatic plasma levels of Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809104_dynE.jpg | >>Homeostatic plasma levels of Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809104_dynF.jpg | Homeostatic plasma levels of Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| Cyberchondria | >>Behavior of hypochondriacs who use the Internet to gather information on health or healthcare.
🗑
|
||||
| A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is | an increase in potassium levels in the ICF.
🗑
|
||||
| Acidosis | results when blood pH exceeds 7.45
🗑
|
||||
| Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion? | Sodium
🗑
|
||||
| A patient with alkalosis would experience | >>hypoventilation.
🗑
|
||||
| Currently, many states perform capital punishment (execution) using potassium chloride injection. Why would this kind of an injection cause death? | Hyperkalemia results in acidosis which is lethal.
🗑
|
||||
| If a patient's pH is 7.3, PCO2 is 50 mmHg and bicarbonate level is higher than normal, she is in | metabolic alkalosis compensated.
🗑
|
||||
| Normal arterial blood pH is | >>between 7.35 and 7.45.
🗑
|
||||
| Parathyroid hormone | activates osteoblasts.
🗑
|
||||
| The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as | >>hyponatremia.
🗑
|
||||
| The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment? | Blood plasma
🗑
|
||||
| The major source of water loss from the body is | insensible skin loss.
🗑
|
||||
| The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is | magnesium.
🗑
|
||||
| The only organ of the body that can remove excess fixed acids is the | sweat glands.
🗑
|
||||
| When large amounts of pure water are consumed | the volume of the ECF will decrease.
🗑
|
||||
| When the concentration of Na+ in the ECF decreases | a person experiences an increased thirst.
🗑
|
||||
| When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained, | both ECF and ICF become more dilute.
🗑
|
||||
| Which condition would cause a drop in pH? | Hypovolumemia
🗑
|
||||
| Which factor would increase the secretion of ADH? | >>Excess salt consumption
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement regarding acids is true? | When high in the body, they cause alkalosis.
🗑
|
||||
| Why would eating a large amount of salty food make you thirsty? | It would inhibit the hypothalamic osmoreceptors.
🗑
|
||||
| The most abundant positive electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is | Ca2+
🗑
|
||||
| The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is | Mg2+
🗑
|
||||
| The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the | bicarbonate buffer system.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would result in hypotonic hydration? | >>Extremely large amount of water drunk very quickly.
🗑
|
||||
| Infants are more likely to experience problems regulating acid-base balance because of several factors including | high residual volume of infant lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| When the production of hydrogen ions in the body is the same as their loss, you are in | electrolyte balance.
🗑
|
||||
| Physiology adjustments of water and electrolytes are made by | aldosterone.
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial natriuretic peptide | decreases ADH.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following tissues is the least hydrated? | >>adipose
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following individuals would have the most body water? | >>an infant
🗑
|
||||
| Most of the body's water is located in the | plasma.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is usually expressed in milliequivalents per liter? | >>electrolyte concentration of body fluids
🗑
|
||||
| __________ circulates throughout the body and links the internal and external environments. | Lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Water lost through expired air is referred to as | metabolic water.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following would occur if there was an increase in plasma osmolality except: | >>production of large amounts of urine
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following factors would stimulate the hypothalamic thirst center except: | input from baroreceptors
🗑
|
||||
| Diuresis peaks _________ after drinking water. | >>one hour
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements about ADH are true except: | The amount of water lost in the urine is inversely proportional to the amount of ADH released.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following hormones is not involved in the overall control of blood volume? | Angiotensin II
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would cause hypotonic hydration? | excess salt in the diet
🗑
|
||||
| Edema is accumulation of fluid in the ____________. | intracellular space
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following would cause edema except: | incompetent venous valves
🗑
|
||||
| Electrolyte balance in the body usually referrs to the balance of _________. | acids
🗑
|
||||
| Pica occurs when there is a deficiency of _________ in the body. | >>minerals such as iron
🗑
|
||||
| Renal acid-base control is coupled to | plasma protein levels.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about sodium balance regulation is incorrect? | >>Where water goes, sodium follows.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are incorrect? | It reduces blood pressure and inhibits vasoconstriction.
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogens are chemically similar to _________ and therefore are associated with water retention. | >>aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| 98% of calcium filtered by the kidney is reabsorbed due to the action of ________. | aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| The level of phosphate in the body is affected by all of the following hormones except: | insulin
🗑
|
||||
| Any arterial pH between _________ is considered physiological acidosis. | >>7.0 - 7.35
🗑
|
||||
| Water occupies two main fluid compartments within the body, the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular fluid compartment. Which of the following statements is true concerning the volume of intracellular fluid? | All of the water is in the intracellular fluid compartment.
🗑
|
||||
| The term hypotonic hydration refers to | the feeling one might have after a long swim
🗑
|
||||
| Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by | >>tissue edema
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid? | antidiuretic hormone
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is | to enhance atrial contractions
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory acidosis can occur when | a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems? | >>the lungs and the kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| The major reason older adults should monitor their intake of fluids is that | older people suffer decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
🗑
|
||||
| Edema may result from | hyperproteinemia
🗑
|
||||
| The fluid link between the external and internal environment is | >>plasma
🗑
|
||||
| Newborn infants have a relatively higher | content in their ECF than do adults.
🗑
|
||||
| Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most | is found in the intracellular fluid.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids? | >>K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids
🗑
|
||||
| Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid -base balance are particularly common in infants because of their | >>inefficient kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is | the potassium ion content in the renal tubule cells
🗑
|
||||
| The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the | buffer system.
🗑
|
||||
| A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates | >>respiratory acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| The movement of fluids between cellular compartments | requires active transport
🗑
|
||||
| Electrolyte balance | refers to the phosphate balance in the body
🗑
|
||||
| Parathyroid hormone | >>is the most important control of calcium homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical buffering systems of the body may include | >>phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except | lymph and interstitial fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts? | Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys? | aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| The total body water is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids. Plasma is considered | >>extracellular
🗑
|
||||
| The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of | >>the control of respiratory ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance? | >>excessive hydration due to excess ADH secretion
🗑
|
||||
| The regulation of sodium | is due to specific sodium receptors in the hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about renal mechanisms of acid -base balance. | The kidneys are not able to excrete phosphoric acid.
🗑
|
||||
| Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely? | respiratory acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis? | respiratory acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is | a dry mouth from high temperatures
🗑
|
||||
| Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology? | It will increase the osmolality of the blood.
🗑
|
||||
| The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is | osmotic pressure of plasma proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes? | membrane polarity
🗑
|
||||
| The regulation of potassium balance | is not linked to sodium balance
🗑
|
||||
| The respiratory mechanism of acid-base balance | >>requires an enzyme within red blood cells that causes the formation of carbonic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Bicarbonate buffer system | Uses Na2HPO4 as a weak base
🗑
|
||||
| Protein buffer system | Uses Na2HPO4 as a weak base
🗑
|
||||
| Phosphate buffer system | >>Uses Na2HPO4 as a weak base
🗑
|
||||
| Physiological compensation | Uses Na2HPO4 as a weak base
🗑
|
||||
| Aldosterone | >>The hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels
🗑
|
||||
| Calcitonin | The hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing's disease | The hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperkalemia | The hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels
🗑
|
||||
| Hyponatremia | The hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels
🗑
|
||||
| Na+ | Most abundant negative electrolyte in intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| K+ | Most abundant negative electrolyte in intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Cl- | Most abundant negative electrolyte in intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| HPO4- | >>Most abundant negative electrolyte in intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Mg2+ | Most abundant negative electrolyte in intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Dehydration | >>When water output exceeds intake over a period of time resulting is in negative fluid balance
🗑
|
||||
| Hypotonic hydration | When water output exceeds intake over a period of time resulting is in negative fluid balance
🗑
|
||||
| Edema | When water output exceeds intake over a period of time resulting is in negative fluid balance
🗑
|
||||
| Hyponatremia | When water output exceeds intake over a period of time resulting is in negative fluid balance
🗑
|
||||
| Bicarbonate buffer system | Strong acid (HCl) buffered by weak base (Na2HPO4)
🗑
|
||||
| Phosphate buffer system | >>Strong acid (HCl) buffered by weak base (Na2HPO4)
🗑
|
||||
| Protein buffer system | Strong acid (HCl) buffered by weak base (Na2HPO4)
🗑
|
||||
| HCl + NaHCO3 | NaHCO3 + H2O
🗑
|
||||
| NaOH + H2CO3 | >>NaHCO3 + H2O
🗑
|
||||
| HCl + Na2HPO4 | NaHCO3 + H2O
🗑
|
||||
| NaOH + NaH2PO4 | NaHCO3 + H2O
🗑
|
||||
| Metabolic acidosis | Any condition that impairs gas exchange or lung ventilation; rapid, shallow breathing; narcotic or barbiturate overdose or injury to brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| Metabolic alkalosis | Any condition that impairs gas exchange or lung ventilation; rapid, shallow breathing; narcotic or barbiturate overdose or injury to brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory acidosis | >>Any condition that impairs gas exchange or lung ventilation; rapid, shallow breathing; narcotic or barbiturate overdose or injury to brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| Respiratory alkalosis | Any condition that impairs gas exchange or lung ventilation; rapid, shallow breathing; narcotic or barbiturate overdose or injury to brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| Na+ | Major intracellular anion
🗑
|
||||
| K+ | Major intracellular anion
🗑
|
||||
| Cl- | Major intracellular anion
🗑
|
||||
| HPO42- | >>Major intracellular anion
🗑
|
||||
| Dissociate in water. | Extracellular
🗑
|
||||
| Do not dissociate. | Extracellular
🗑
|
||||
| The fluid compartments outside the cell. | >>Extracellular
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid compartments located within the cell. | Extracellular
🗑
|
||||
| Spaces between cells. | Extracellular
🗑
|
||||
| Magnesium excess. | >>Hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium depletion. | Hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium excess. | Hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| Potassium excess. | Hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium depletion. | Hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| An atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. | >>Edema
🗑
|
||||
| A condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins resulting in tissue edema. | Edema
🗑
|
||||
| A disorder entailing deficient mineralocorticoid hormone production by the adrenal cortex. | Edema
🗑
|
||||
| Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid. | Edema
🗑
|
||||
| Special neurons in the hypothalamus that sense the ECF solute concentration and trigger or inhibit ADH release from the posterior pituitary gland. | Edema
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium ions are highest in | Intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Potassium ions are highest in | >>Intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Phosphate ions are highest in | >>Intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Bicarbonate ions are highest in | Intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Proteins are highest in | >>Intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809188_dynA.jpg | Head of epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809188_dynB.jpg | >>Head of epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809188_dynC.jpg | Head of epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809188_dynD.jpg | Head of epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809188_dynE.jpg | Head of epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809188_dynF.jpg | Head of epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809189_dynA.jpg | Seminal vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809189_dynB.jpg | >>Seminal vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809189_dynC.jpg | Seminal vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809189_dynD.jpg | Seminal vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809189_dynE.jpg | Seminal vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809189_dynF.jpg | Seminal vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809190_dynA.jpg | Late spermatids
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809190_dynB.jpg | Late spermatids
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809190_dynC.jpg | Late spermatids
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809190_dynD.jpg | Late spermatids
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809190_dynE.jpg | Late spermatids
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809190_dynF.jpg | >>Late spermatids
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809191_dynA.jpg | >>Body of uterus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809191_dynB.jpg | Body of uterus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809191_dynC.jpg | Body of uterus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809191_dynD.jpg | Body of uterus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809191_dynE.jpg | Body of uterus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809191_dynF.jpg | Body of uterus
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809192_dynA.jpg | Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809192_dynB.jpg | Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809192_dynC.jpg | Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809192_dynD.jpg | Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809192_dynE.jpg | >>Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809192_dynF.jpg | Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809193_dynA.jpg | Areola
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809193_dynB.jpg | >>Areola
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809193_dynC.jpg | Areola
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809193_dynD.jpg | Areola
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809193_dynE.jpg | Areola
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809194_dynA.jpg | Primary oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809194_dynB.jpg | >>Primary oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809194_dynC.jpg | Primary oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809194_dynD.jpg | Primary oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809194_dynE.jpg | Primary oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809194_dynF.jpg | Primary oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig271A.jpg | >>Stem cell.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig271B.jpg | >>Type B spermatagonia.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig271C.jpg | >>Primary spermatocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig271D.jpg | >>First cells with n number of chromosomes.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig271E.jpg | >>Early spermatids.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig272A.jpg | >>Midpiece.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig272A.jpg | >>Mitochondria.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig272B.jpg | >>Acrosome.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig272C.jpg | >>Area of compacted DNA.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig272C.jpg | >>Nucleus.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig273A.jpg | >>Primordial follicle.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig273B.jpg | >>Primary follicles.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig273C.jpg | >>Vesicular (Graafian) follicle.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig273D.jpg | >>Corpus luteum.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig273E.jpg | >>The stage called ovulation.
🗑
|
||||
| Genetic variation is NOT enhanced through | crossing over events.
🗑
|
||||
| In response to parasympathetic stimulation, | vessels in the penis constrict.
🗑
|
||||
| The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that | during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced.
🗑
|
||||
| The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the: | vagina.
🗑
|
||||
| The primary sex organ of the male is the | penis.
🗑
|
||||
| The reason why the testes are suspended in the scrotum is | to place sperm storage sites nearer the penis.
🗑
|
||||
| The sperm's acrosome | beats so that the sperm can swim.
🗑
|
||||
| The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers | FSH release.
🗑
|
||||
| The usual site of fertilization is the | ovary.
🗑
|
||||
| The uterine layer which is shed with each monthly cycle is | the basal layer of endometrium.
🗑
|
||||
| These cells located in between seminiferous tubules produce testosterone | sustentacular.
🗑
|
||||
| Under which uterine phase does the functional layer of the endometrium start to rebuild? | Secretory
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.? | Genital warts
🗑
|
||||
| Which cell type is actually ovulated from the ovary? | Ovum
🗑
|
||||
| Which form of birth control below is most effective? | Condom
🗑
|
||||
| Which is the most correct sequence of sperm flow in the male duct system? | Seminiferous tubules; prostatic urethra; vas deferens; ejaculatory duct; ampulla
🗑
|
||||
| Which male structure is homologous to the female's clitoris? | Scrotum
🗑
|
||||
| Which represents a correct cascade of reproductive hormones in males? | FSH; LH; GnRH; testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the | secondary follicles.
🗑
|
||||
| Sperm are produced in the | prostate.
🗑
|
||||
| Ovulation in a typical or "average" cycle usually occurs on day | 28
🗑
|
||||
| What hormone is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics found in women? | FSH
🗑
|
||||
| How do birth control pills (oral contraceptives) work? | They lower the amount of estrogen in the body.
🗑
|
||||
| If the testes are both removed before puberty, will secondary sex characteristics develop in the male? | >>No, they won't develop and the man will be sterile.
🗑
|
||||
| During which of the following phases is the corpus luteum formed? | >>Secretory
🗑
|
||||
| The muscular wall of the uterus is called the | Epimetrium
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following hormones causes the oocyte to mature? | LH
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following hormones is not involved in the regulation of the number of sperm produced in the testes? | testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about myoid cells is true? | They form a straight tubule that conveys sperm into the rete testis.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following absorb heat from the testes? | the interstitial cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following structures passes through the inguinal canal? | the ductus deferens
🗑
|
||||
| The _______________ absorb excess testicular fluid. | seminal glands
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following structures makes up most of the male urethral length? | ejaculatory duct
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements about a vasectomy are true except: | the part of the ductus deferens that lies in the scrotum is cut.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following gases is essential for normal erection? | carbon monoxide
🗑
|
||||
| The blood-testis barrier is made up of ________ cells. | epithelial
🗑
|
||||
| The meiotically active cells in the testes lie in the ___________. | blood-testis barrier
🗑
|
||||
| Xenobiotics are | antibodies formed by the female against sperm.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following organs is not part of the brain-testicular axis? | the hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about testosterone is false? | Testosterone boosts the basal metabolic rate.
🗑
|
||||
| The broad ligament would contain all of the following structures except the __________. | suspensory ligament
🗑
|
||||
| The __________ follicle is the mature ovarian follicle. | primary
🗑
|
||||
| Fertilization usually occurs in the _________ of the fallopian tube. | >>ampulla of the fallopian tube
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following structures provides the principal support for the uterus? | the mesometrium
🗑
|
||||
| The __________ is considered the female organ of copulation. | uterus
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following structures is thought to provide the route of HIV transmission from an infected male to the female during sexual intercourse? | granulosa cells
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ in the female is homologous of the penile bulb and corpus spongiosum in the male. | greater vestibular glands
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements about breast cancer are true except: | Early onset of menses and late menopause are considered a risk factor in the development of this condition.
🗑
|
||||
| High levels of which of the following hormones exert a positive feedback on the brain and pituitary during the ovarian cycle? | FSH
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are associated with endometriosis except: | an abnormal uterus
🗑
|
||||
| ______________is considered is the most common endocrinopathy in females? | Uterine fibroid
🗑
|
||||
| The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? | They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
🗑
|
||||
| The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to | gravity
🗑
|
||||
| The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of | parasympathetic nerves
🗑
|
||||
| The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is | smoking
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen? | >>the seminal vesicles
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? | LH
🗑
|
||||
| Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events? | that the female hormones are suppressed during pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| The primary function of the uterus is to | protect the ovaries
🗑
|
||||
| The corpus luteum is | >>the ruptured follicle following the ejection of an oocyte from the ovary
🗑
|
||||
| The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called | the Graafian follicles
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following constitutes the female counterpart of the male scrotum? | the clitoris
🗑
|
||||
| Human egg and sperm are similar in that | about the same number of each is produced per month
🗑
|
||||
| The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through | mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| Fertilization generally occurs in the | ovary
🗑
|
||||
| Spermiogenesis involves | the formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the | development of body hair
🗑
|
||||
| In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be | dizygotic
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of the mature sperm include | the presence of two X chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
🗑
|
||||
| Functions of testosterone include | >>facilitation of muscle and skeletal growth in mass
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of estrogen include | increased oiliness of the skin
🗑
|
||||
| Secretion of progesterone stimulates | contraction of uterine muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about sperm is not true? | They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients.
🗑
|
||||
| The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called | spermatocytes
🗑
|
||||
| The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the | spermatocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? | Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body.
🗑
|
||||
| Erection of the penis results from | a sympathetic reflex
🗑
|
||||
| Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? | late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the testis. | >>The testis is surrounded by the tunica vaginalis.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about male sexual response. | Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection.
🗑
|
||||
| The ovaries | >>are surrounded by the tunica albuginea
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about mammary glands. | Mammary glands are modified sebaceous glands.
🗑
|
||||
| During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle | LH reaches its highest levels
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. | The menstrual phase of the cycle is from day 1 to day 8.
🗑
|
||||
| What mechanism divides the testes into lobules? | interstitial spaces
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? | Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
🗑
|
||||
| Normally menstruation occurs when | blood levels of FSH fall off
🗑
|
||||
| The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that | during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced
🗑
|
||||
| Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? | There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following will occur after ovulation? | The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.
🗑
|
||||
| The seminal vesicles | >>produce a yellowish fluid rich in fructose
🗑
|
||||
| Spermatogenesis | is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
🗑
|
||||
| The gubernaculum | is the part of the parietal peritoneum that will become the tunica vaginalis
🗑
|
||||
| The brain-testicular axis | is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about testosterone control. | >>GnRh from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? | The ampulla is the narrow constricted region.
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle. | Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these statements about sexually transmitted diseases is false? | Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? | The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would | >>be sterile
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? | Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
🗑
|
||||
| A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause | >>decreased testosterone secretion
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except | >>FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? | maximal LH secretion and menstruation
🗑
|
||||
| The duct system of the male reproductive system includes | the epididymis, a tightly coiled tube about 6 inches long
🗑
|
||||
| An ovulating oocyte is actually activated by hormones about | days before ovulation.
🗑
|
||||
| Prostate cancer is | the number one cause of death in men
🗑
|
||||
| Corpus luteum | Some are turned on each month under FSH stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| Primary follicle | Some are turned on each month under FSH stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| Primordial follicle | >>Some are turned on each month under FSH stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary follicle | Some are turned on each month under FSH stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| Mature follicle | Some are turned on each month under FSH stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| FSH | Directly stimulates interstitial cells in males
🗑
|
||||
| GnRH | Directly stimulates interstitial cells in males
🗑
|
||||
| LH | >>Directly stimulates interstitial cells in males
🗑
|
||||
| Progesterone | Directly stimulates interstitial cells in males
🗑
|
||||
| Testosterone | Directly stimulates interstitial cells in males
🗑
|
||||
| Bulbourethral gland | Site of fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| Ampulla of uterine tube | >>Site of fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| Cervix | Site of fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| Ovary | Site of fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| Pituitary | Site of fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| Endometrium | Site of fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| Cryptorchidism | Surrounds urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Vasectomy | Surrounds urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Corpus cavernosum | Surrounds urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Corpus spongiosum | >>Surrounds urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Seminal vesicles | Surrounds urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Seminiferous tubules | Surrounds urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Menopause | Production of testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Menarche | Production of testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Sustentacular cells | Production of testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Interstitial cells | >>Production of testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Follicular cells | Production of testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Myometrium | Incomplete partition covering the vaginal orifice
🗑
|
||||
| Endometrium | Incomplete partition covering the vaginal orifice
🗑
|
||||
| Perimetrium | Incomplete partition covering the vaginal orifice
🗑
|
||||
| Hymen | >>Incomplete partition covering the vaginal orifice
🗑
|
||||
| Fundus | Incomplete partition covering the vaginal orifice
🗑
|
||||
| Cervix | Incomplete partition covering the vaginal orifice
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogen | Promotes secretory phase of uterine cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Progesterone | >>Promotes secretory phase of uterine cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Testosterone | Promotes secretory phase of uterine cycle
🗑
|
||||
| LH surge | Promotes secretory phase of uterine cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogen | Trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| Progesterone | Trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| Testosterone | Trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| LH | Trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| hCG | >>Trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| Oxytocin | Trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| Where the fetus develops and grows. | >>Uterus
🗑
|
||||
| The release of oocyte from ovary. | Uterus
🗑
|
||||
| External sac enclosing the testes. | Uterus
🗑
|
||||
| Erectile tissue in the male. | Uterus
🗑
|
||||
| Female homologue of the scrotum. | Uterus
🗑
|
||||
| Human papillomavirus. | Genital herpes
🗑
|
||||
| Treponema pallidum. | Genital herpes
🗑
|
||||
| Urethritis in males. | Genital herpes
🗑
|
||||
| Human herpes virus type 2. | >>Genital herpes
🗑
|
||||
| Organism responsible for up to half of the diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease. | Genital herpes
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809279_dynA.jpg | Extracellular space
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809279_dynB.jpg | Extracellular space
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809279_dynC.jpg | Extracellular space
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809279_dynD.jpg | >>Extracellular space
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809279_dynE.jpg | Extracellular space
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809280_dynA.jpg | Early blastocyst
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809280_dynB.jpg | Early blastocyst
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809280_dynC.jpg | >>Early blastocyst
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809280_dynD.jpg | Early blastocyst
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809280_dynE.jpg | Early blastocyst
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809281_dynA.jpg | Inner cell mass
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809281_dynB.jpg | Inner cell mass
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809281_dynC.jpg | Inner cell mass
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809281_dynD.jpg | >>Inner cell mass
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809282_dynA.jpg | Umbilical arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809282_dynB.jpg | Umbilical arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809282_dynC.jpg | Umbilical arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809282_dynD.jpg | Umbilical arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809282_dynE.jpg | >>Umbilical arteries
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig281A.jpg | >>Esophagus.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig281B.jpg | >>Trachea.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig281C.jpg | >>Stomach.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig281D.jpg | >>Liver.
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig281E.jpg | >>Pancreas.
🗑
|
||||
| Following fertilization the zygote goes through a rapid period of cell divisions called | blastulation.
🗑
|
||||
| Which statement regarding maternal hormones during pregnancy is accurate? | hCG levels increase throughout gestation.
🗑
|
||||
| The technique in which conception occurs artificially in the laboratory is called | artificial insemination.
🗑
|
||||
| Implantation is usually completed after | gastrulation has occurred.
🗑
|
||||
| The outermost embryonic membrane is the | amnion.
🗑
|
||||
| The process which transforms the embryo into a three-layered stage is called | blastulation.
🗑
|
||||
| Which structure below is formed from endodermal tissues? | Kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| Which structure below is formed from ectodermal tissues? | Skeleton
🗑
|
||||
| The function of the ductus arteriosus is to | bypass the coronary circuit.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta? | Waste elimination
🗑
|
||||
| Which factor below is NOT considered to be a teratogen? | Alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| How many weeks does the embryonic period last? | 15
🗑
|
||||
| Which hormone produced by the placenta causes the mother's pubic symphysis to loosen and widen? | Estrogen
🗑
|
||||
| An implantation that takes place in a site other than the uterus is called | hyadatic.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a common metabolic/physiological change that occurs in pregnant women? | Increased respiratory rate
🗑
|
||||
| The hormone that induces labor and controls labor via a positive feedback mechanism is | hCG.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following represents the correct stages of labor? | Dilation - placental - expulsion
🗑
|
||||
| The Apgar score range that indicates a healthy baby is | 4-6
🗑
|
||||
| Which substance is NOT present in colostrum? | Vitamin A
🗑
|
||||
| Which structure represents the remnants of the atrial fetal shunt? | Ligamentum teres
🗑
|
||||
| What factor causes the endometrium NOT to be sloughed or lost when a woman becomes pregnant? | GnRH which is stimulated by the lack of estrogen
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)? | It causes the uterine lining to slough or shed to maintain pregnancy.
🗑
|
||||
| The heart begins to beat in the developing offspring | when it becomes a fetus.
🗑
|
||||
| Implantation of the blastocyst begins | >>6-7 days after ovulation.
🗑
|
||||
| Prolactin causes | uterine contractions only.
🗑
|
||||
| The cells of the blastocyst that become the embryo proper are the | corpus luteum.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a newborn's source of energy for the first few days? | >>fat
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT from the same germ line as the others? | liver
🗑
|
||||
| During the first eight weeks of gestation, the conceptus is called a/an ______. | fetus
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following prevent polyspermy except: | natural elimination of an embryo with too much genetic material.
🗑
|
||||
| The future right and left axes of the embryo are determined by the site where the | >>alpha protein is activated and the fertilizing sperm is inserted into the oocyte membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| Sperm are known to bear ____________ that respond to chemical stimuli that help them locate the ova. | acrosomes
🗑
|
||||
| When does the true moment of fertilization occur? | It occurs when the sperm enters the ovarian membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| Cleavage produces a structure called a/an _______. | chorion
🗑
|
||||
| All pregnancy tests today are antibody tests that detect ______ in the woman's blood or urine. | estrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a function of trophoblast cells? | They secrete hCG.
🗑
|
||||
| The disc-shaped placenta is formed from the | chronic villi and the decidua capsularis.
🗑
|
||||
| The process by which the three primary germ layers form is known as _______. | placentation
🗑
|
||||
| Gastrulation begins by the formation of the _______. | endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| The first major event of organogenesis is | sporulation.
🗑
|
||||
| The remnants of the notochord are seen in the | vertebral column.
🗑
|
||||
| The cells of the _________ mesoderm form the gonads and kidneys. | >>intermediate
🗑
|
||||
| The newest method to determine the optimal days for fertilization is by | >>observing a particular pattern of crystal formation in a drop of saliva under the microscope.
🗑
|
||||
| The only 100% effective method of birth control is ______. | NuvaRing
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following statements about the foramen ovale are true except: | >>It allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium into the left ventricle.
🗑
|
||||
| At 17-20 weeks of gestation, which of the following features would not be seen? | an approximate crown-to-rump length of 190mm
🗑
|
||||
| When is the earliest the sex can be readily detected by observing the genitals in a developing fetus? | 8 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| The bluish discoloration of the vagina during pregnancy is known as _________. | >>Chadwick's sign
🗑
|
||||
| Preeclampsia is caused by | a decrease in the placental blood flow.
🗑
|
||||
| Increased production of _________ by the fetus in the weeks before delivery appears to trigger an inflammatory response in the cervix that causes it to soften in preparation for labor. | oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| Dystonica can lead to all of the following except: | fetal epilepsy
🗑
|
||||
| The transitional period is considered the first six _________ of an infant's life. | days
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following is true about colostrum except: | It is the yellowish fluid produced the first two to three days after delivery.
🗑
|
||||
| Cells on the dorsal surface of the two-layered embryonic disc migrate to form a raised groove known as the | blastocyst
🗑
|
||||
| The result of polyspermy in humans is | multiple births
🗑
|
||||
| It is impossible for sperm to be functional (able to fertilize the egg) until after | the tail disappears
🗑
|
||||
| Milk ejection or let-down reflex is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy? | inhibin
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy? | the amnion
🗑
|
||||
| The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. Which portion is from the fetus? | >>chorion
🗑
|
||||
| Relaxin is a hormone produced by the placenta and ovaries. The function of this hormone is to | block the pain of childbirth
🗑
|
||||
| Proteases and acrosin are enzymes. How do they function in reproduction? | They neutralize the mucous secretions of the uterine mucosa.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a germ layer? | ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at | fertilization
🗑
|
||||
| One of the plates of the lateral mesoderm forms | the notochord
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a highly unlikely method of producing a child? | embryo transfer
🗑
|
||||
| Failure of the foramen ovale to close at birth may result in | direct aeration of blood
🗑
|
||||
| Implantation involves | placenta completion
🗑
|
||||
| The umbilical arteries carry | >>waste products to the placenta
🗑
|
||||
| The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is | zygote, blastocyst, morula
🗑
|
||||
| One sign of a newborn's physical condition that forms part of the Apgar score is which of the following? | >>color
🗑
|
||||
| Hormones concerned with events of lactation include | estrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Initially, the implanted embryo obtains its nutrition by | simple diffusion of nutrients from the uterine secretions
🗑
|
||||
| Onset of labor may be a result of all of the following factors except | secretion of oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about fertilization. | Both spermatozoa and the ovulated secondary oocyte remain viable for about 72 hours in the female reproductive tract.
🗑
|
||||
| Shortly after implantation | maternal blood sinuses bathe the inner cell mass
🗑
|
||||
| The dorsal surface cells of the inner cell mass form | a structure called the embryonic disc
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle tissue is formed by the | >>mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Neural tissue is formed by the | epiderm
🗑
|
||||
| The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the | allantois
🗑
|
||||
| The cardiovascular system of a newborn must be adjusted after the infant takes its first breath. Which of the following is also true? | The foramen ovale between the atria of the fetal heart closes at the moment of birth.
🗑
|
||||
| Sperm move to the uterine tube through uterine contractions and the energy of their own flagella. What other factor is involved in sperm movement? | hormonal attraction to the ova
🗑
|
||||
| At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled? | dystocia
🗑
|
||||
| Which hormone is not produced by the placenta? | human placental lactogen
🗑
|
||||
| During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered? | dilation stage
🗑
|
||||
| Implantation of the blastocyst is the result of all of the following except | >>phagocytosis by the trophoblast cells
🗑
|
||||
| Cleavage as part of embryonic development is distinctive because it involves | >>cell division by mitosis with little or no growth between successive divisions
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is true in reference to what may pass through the placental barriers? | nutrients and respiratory gases only
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not usually considered a teratogen? | >>aspirin
🗑
|
||||
| Derivatives of the ectoderm include | serosae of the ventral body cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Derivatives of the mesoderm include | all nervous tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Derivatives of the endoderm include | >>epithelium of the respiratory tract
🗑
|
||||
| Developmental events during weeks 9-12 include | >>sex readily detected from the genitals
🗑
|
||||
| Developmental events during weeks 21 -30 include | quickening, which occurs first
🗑
|
||||
| Which metabolic change does not occur as the placenta enlarges? | increased human placental lactogen secretion
🗑
|
||||
| Select the correct statement about the special fetal blood vessels. | The distal parts of the umbilical arteries form the superior vesical arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements about the events of fertilization is not true? | >>The two pronuclei divide.
🗑
|
||||
| The decidua basalis is | destines to remain in the uterus after the birth of the infant
🗑
|
||||
| Blastocyst | Begins at week nine
🗑
|
||||
| Fetus | >>Begins at week nine
🗑
|
||||
| Gastrula | Begins at week nine
🗑
|
||||
| Morula | Begins at week nine
🗑
|
||||
| Zygote | Begins at week nine
🗑
|
||||
| Bones | Ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Brain | >>Ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Liver | Ectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Ductus arteriosus | Carries blood to and from placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Ductus venosus | Carries blood to and from placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Ligamentum venosum | Carries blood to and from placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Ligamentum arteriosum | Carries blood to and from placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical cord | >>Carries blood to and from placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Foramen ovale | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Number of umbilical arteries | >>2
🗑
|
||||
| Number of umbilical veins | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Fossa ovalis | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical artery | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical vein | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogen | >>Rises throughout pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Progesterone | Rises throughout pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Oxytocin | Rises throughout pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) | Rises throughout pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Relaxin | Rises throughout pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Ovulation | Forms embryo proper
🗑
|
||||
| Implantation begins | Forms embryo proper
🗑
|
||||
| Inner cell mass | >>Forms embryo proper
🗑
|
||||
| Trophoblast | Forms embryo proper
🗑
|
||||
| Embryo | Forms embryo proper
🗑
|
||||
| Fertilization | Forms embryo proper
🗑
|
||||
| End of 8 weeks | Most bones distinct and joint cavities apparent
🗑
|
||||
| 9 - 12 weeks | Most bones distinct and joint cavities apparent
🗑
|
||||
| 13 -16 weeks | >>Most bones distinct and joint cavities apparent
🗑
|
||||
| 17 - 20 weeks (5th month) | Most bones distinct and joint cavities apparent
🗑
|
||||
| 7th month | Most bones distinct and joint cavities apparent
🗑
|
||||
| 8-9th month | Most bones distinct and joint cavities apparent
🗑
|
||||
| Fertilization | Maternal and paternal DNA mix
🗑
|
||||
| Penetration | Maternal and paternal DNA mix
🗑
|
||||
| Amphimixis | >>Maternal and paternal DNA mix
🗑
|
||||
| Implantation | Maternal and paternal DNA mix
🗑
|
||||
| Protective water-filled sac surrounding the embryo. | Chorion
🗑
|
||||
| Extraembryonic membrane that develops from the trophoblast and some extraembryonic mesoderm, and forms part of the placenta. | >>Chorion
🗑
|
||||
| Site of early blood cell production, and forms part of the gut (digestive tube). | Chorion
🗑
|
||||
| Structure in humans that is the structural base for the umbilical cord; the solid waste disposal site in nonplacental animals. | Chorion
🗑
|
||||
| Leads to the development of a morula and then a blastocyst. | Gastrulation
🗑
|
||||
| Embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall. | Gastrulation
🗑
|
||||
| Leads to the formation of the first cell of the new individual. | Gastrulation
🗑
|
||||
| Leads to the establishment of the three primary germ layers. | >>Gastrulation
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809369_dynA.jpg | TT
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809369_dynB.jpg | TT
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809369_dynC.jpg | >>TT
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/2809369_dynD.jpg | TT
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig291.jpg | Blank square genotype = GG
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig291.jpg | Offspring genotype ratio = 1:1:1:1
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig291.jpg | Phenotype ratio (C is dominant) = 1:1:1:1
🗑
|
||||
| http://www.ywmarketing.com/APHY102/Fig291.jpg | Phenotype ratio (C incomplety dominant) = 1:1:1:1
🗑
|
||||
| Alternative forms of genes are called | telomeres.
🗑
|
||||
| Humans have ____ pairs of chromosomes. | 60
🗑
|
||||
| What type of allele will be expressed if both dominant and recessive alleles are present for a given trait? | Autosomal
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following events in reproduction does NOT contribute to an increase in variation among the offspring? | >>64 & Meiosis
🗑
|
||||
| Which process listed below separates linked genes during meiosis? | Genomic restructuring
🗑
|
||||
| The form of inheritance in which the heterozygous state is expressed as an intermediate is | sex-linked.
🗑
|
||||
| A person who inherits the A and the O blood type alleles will possess which blood type? | AB
🗑
|
||||
| Males tend to inherit more sex-linked conditions because | there is no corresponding alleles on their X chromosomes.
🗑
|
||||
| A change in the genetic structure of a gene is called | deletion.
🗑
|
||||
| Extrachromosomal inheritance involves genes passed on by the mother's | >>mitochondria.
🗑
|
||||
| The most common form of fetal testing is | gene therapy.
🗑
|
||||
| The expression of genes is called the | >>phenotype.
🗑
|
||||
| Traits that display continuous phenotypic variation are usually determined by this form of inheritance | sex-linked.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation? | >>Mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is the probability of having a recessive trait child if both parents are heterozygous for the trait? | 100%
🗑
|
||||
| Which trait is determined by recessive genes? | Astigmatism
🗑
|
||||
| A type of treatment useful in correcting single gene disorders is | amniocentesis.
🗑
|
||||
| Heterozygous individuals that may pass on recessive, abnormal conditions are referred to as | recessively compromised.
🗑
|
||||
| Genes that are located on the same chromosome are said to be | syncopated.
🗑
|
||||
| In the human blood type AB, the alleles are | dominant.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following disorders are NOT inherited as simple recessive traits? | >>Down syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| If a male inherits a sex-linked gene for color blindness | it will never be expressed.
🗑
|
||||
| The appearance of freckles is considered | the genotype.
🗑
|
||||
| A person without a Y chromosome will | show both male and female characteristics.
🗑
|
||||
| During which stage of the cell cycle are genes and chromosomes duplicated? | prophase
🗑
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| The 46 chromosomes of a zygote come from | the egg.
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| A karyotype is a complete | >>diploid complement display of homologous chromosome pairs.
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| Any two matched genes that are __________ are called alleles. | >>at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
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| If the allele for brown hair was represented as "B" this would mean that | >>brown hair was a dominant trait.
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| What determines the frequency of a trait in the general population? | the number of doses of the gene in the couple
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| The number of different gametes that can be produced in a male, based on independent assortment alone, equals _____. | >>223
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| All of the following events produce variations in an individual's genotype except: | random fertilization of oocytes by sperm
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| Most human traits are determined by | >>multiple alleles.
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| Which of the following human traits are not dictated by dominant alleles? | widow's peak
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| All of the following about Huntington's disease is true except: | It is caused by a delayed-action gene that is expressed when the affected individual is about 40.
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| Heterozygous parents who have had one offspring with a recessive disease will have a ___ chance of their second child being born with the same recessive condition. | >>25%
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| The ABO blood group is determined by | >>multiple-gene expression.
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| Which of the following genes is found exclusively on the Y chromosome? | cone pigments
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| Height is controlled by | one gene pair.
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| A phenocopy occurs when | an individual who is created by making an exact copy of another's genotype.
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| In females, one of the X-chromosomes is inactivated by | the number of dominant genes present on each X chromosome.
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| The difference in the expression of schizophrenia seen in identical twins can be attributed to | the affect of other genes that lie near the gene affected for this condition.
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| Which of the following conditions is thought to be caused by a mutation in mtDNA? | Prader-Willi syndrome
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| Which of the following methods for the detection of genetic abnormalities in the fetus could be done the earliest and give the most accurate results? | Testing the parents to determine if either of them are carriers for certain genetic abnormalities.
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| Two alleles expressing exactly the same information for a trait are designated as | hemizygous
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| Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances they | code only for tallness and dark skin
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| Recessive genes are usually expressed in humans only when | they are coding for skin color
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| Those characteristics that can be determined on superficial inspection of an individual are known as | genotypic
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| The number of gamete types from independent assortment of the homologues during meiosis in humans would be: | 21 x 2 (42)
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| A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique. This is due to | mutation
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| If we are to consider the variation resulting only from independent assortment and random fertilization, any resulting offspring represents about one out of | 64 zygotes possible
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| Mitosis differs from meiosis because in meiosis we observe | >>tetrads
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| The reason recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than disorders inherited as dominant is that | dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in males
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| The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle -cell anemia demonstrates | >>incomplete dominance
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| An example of multiple allele inheritance is | >>the ABO blood group
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| Which of the following is true concerning environmental influence on genetic expression? | It is impossible to alter in any way the expression of a gene in humans.
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| Sex chromosomes of a normal male are | XX
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| A woman has blond hair and brown eyes. This statement is best described as indicating | allelic pairs
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| A chromosomal aberration in which part of a chromosome is lost is known as | >>deletion
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| Inheritance of stature (height) in humans is probably due to | polyploidy
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| Huntington's disease is an example of a(n) | gene.
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| An individual who is heterozygous for a particular trait, yet expresses both alleles of that trait, is an example of | dominance
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| ______ is the most common type of fetal testing. | Blood chemistry
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| Huntington's disease involves | hypersecretion of growth hormone
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| One possible scientific explanation for siblings having very different skin color is | >>polygene inheritance, which results in continuous phenotypic variation between extremes
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| Which of the following statements is true concerning screening? | Screening is illegal in over half of the world.
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| The diploid genome contains chromosomes from | the father only
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| Amy's hand was exposed to X rays. A gene in a skin cell of her hand mutated. This mutant gene | will definitely cause skin cancer
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| Select the incorrect statement about Chromosomes and genes. | >>Genes on neighboring but different chromosomes are called linked.
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| The main way a recessive allele would be expressed even when only one copy is present would be | dominance
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| A couple whose blood types are A (IAi) and B (IBi) may have a child with which of the following blood types? | AB only
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| Gene mutations in the sex chromosomes of the human would tend to become visibly expressed | >>more frequently in males
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| For which of the following are newborn infants not routinely screened at birth? | PKU
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| Dominant-recessive | Blood types are an example of a trait expressed this way
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| Incomplete | Blood types are an example of a trait expressed this way
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| Multiple-allele | >>Blood types are an example of a trait expressed this way
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| Polygenic | Blood types are an example of a trait expressed this way
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| Sex-linked | Blood types are an example of a trait expressed this way
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| Allele | >>An alternative gene form
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| Genome | An alternative gene form
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| Genotype | An alternative gene form
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| Homozygous | An alternative gene form
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| Phenotype | An alternative gene form
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| Albinism, if both parents are heterozygous for the albino gene | 0
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| Huntington's, if one parent is heterozygous for Huntington's gene | 0
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| Sickle cell anemia, if one parent is heterozygous for sickle cell gene | >>0%
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| Polygenic | Hemophilia
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| Multiple-allele | Hemophilia
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| Dominant-recessive | Hemophilia
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| Sex-linked | >>Hemophilia
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|
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| Genes for cone pigments (eye) | >>X chromosome
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|
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| SRY gene | X chromosome
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|
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| Gene for skin pigmentation (melanin) | X chromosome
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| A cell from a person with trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) contains | >>Abnormal chromosome number
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| A sperm cell is produced by | Abnormal chromosome number
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| A blastocyst is produced by | Abnormal chromosome number
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|
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| An ovum contains | Abnormal chromosome number
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|
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| A zygote contains | Abnormal chromosome number
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|
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| Mother is type O and father type A | Type O only
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|
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| Mother is AB and father type O | Type O only
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|
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| Mother is B and father is type AB | Type O only
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|
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| Mother is O and father is type O | >>Type O only
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| XX | >>Normal female
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| XY | Normal female
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| XXY | Normal female
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| XO | Normal female
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|
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| XYY | Normal female
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| Actual genetic makeup. | Recessive
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|
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| A chromosome pair that may be very different in size. | Recessive
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|
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| Genes not expressed unless they are present in homozygous condition. | >>Recessive
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|
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| Situation in which an individual has identical alleles for a particular trait. | Recessive
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|
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| Lack of skin pigmentation. | Achondroplasia
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|
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| Rare type of dwarfism resulting from an impaired ability of the fetus to form cartilage bone. | >>Achondroplasia
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|
||||
| An unremitting, fatal nervous system disease involving degeneration of the basal nuclei. | Achondroplasia
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|
||||
| A condition of excessive mucus production. | Achondroplasia
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|
||||
| A disorder of brain lipid metabolism. | Achondroplasia
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|
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| Genes for the same trait that have different expressions. | Heterozygous
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|
||||
| The gene allele that suppresses or masks the expression of the other allele. | Heterozygous
🗑
|
||||
| Situation in which an individual has different alleles making up the genotype for a particular trait. | >>Heterozygous
🗑
|
||||
| Chromosomes regulating most body characteristics. | Heterozygous
🗑
|
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