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random stuff for ace exam

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
show right  
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show stroke volume  
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show erector spinae  
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show nervous system  
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show anemia  
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show peripheral nervous system  
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Fatty acid oxidation produces high amounts of ___   show
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Components of cardiovascular system   show
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Components of cardiorespiratory system   show
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Average resting heart rate of healthy adult in beats per minute   show
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show 30-60  
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show maximum heart rate  
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show hip extension  
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show gait  
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show limit of stability  
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show dynamic joint stabilization  
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Degenerative joint disease is another name for   show
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How often should exercise equipment be inspected?   show
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show no  
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An electrolyte disturbance in the blood in which sodium concentration in the plasma is lower than normal   show
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Cause of hyponatremia   show
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Six food groups according to USDA pyramid   show
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show 2100  
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show restrictive lung disease  
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show true  
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show flexion, adduction  
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PNF stretching is a combination of ___ and ___ stretching.   show
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Ability of skeleton to freely, easily, and fluidly float through the ranges of motion   show
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Uses only the tension of the agonists and synergists while the antagonists are being stretched   show
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designed to improve muscle imbalances   show
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Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid play a critical part of ___.   show
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show ADEK  
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show BC  
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show 3500  
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How many calories a day does the body require to get the necessary vitamins and minerals   show
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Cholesterol levels should be kept below __ mg/dl   show
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show calories burned = MET value * body weight in kg  
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show carbohydrates  
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show central nervous system  
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RMR (resting metabolic rate) =   show
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activity factors for RMR   show
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total caloric expenditure =   show
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show 9  
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show class 3  
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The fulcrum lies between the effort and the load   show
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show class 2 lever  
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The fulcrum is at one end, the load at the other end and the effort lies between the load and the fulcrum   show
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show deltoid and latissimus dorsi  
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What are the prime movers in shoulder flexion?   show
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What are the prime movers in shoulder adduction?   show
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show deltoids  
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What are the prime movers in hip flexion?   show
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What are the prime movers in hip extension?   show
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show TFL, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis  
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What are the prime movers in hip adduction?   show
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show sliding filament theory  
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A thick muscle on each side of the neck, the action of which assists in bending the head and neck forward and sideways.   show
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show open  
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show open-chain exercise  
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Activity that fixes the distal end of the extremity either to the ground or to a device that has a predetermined motion. When you keep your feet on the ground while you bend or straighten one joint, the other joints move in a predictable, set manner.   show
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Basic unit of contraction in the muscle fiber   show
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sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle.   show
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Which contains more mitochondria, slow-twitch or fast-twitch muscle fibers?   show
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What are the four factors that limit flexibility?   show
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What area of the body is innervated by the cervical plexus (C1-C4)?   show
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show shoulders down to the fingertips  
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What area of the body is innervated by the lumbar plexus (L1-L4)?   show
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show large posterior muscles of the thigh, lower leg, ankle, foot  
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show Have a joint capsule or cavity between the bones that form them and a variety of movement can occur (ex: knee, elbow, hip).  
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show Have no joint cavity and are held together by cartilage. Little or no movement occurs (ex: where ribs connect to sternum, fibrocartilage b/w vertebrae).  
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show Have no joint capsule and are held tightly together by fibrous cartilage. Very little movement occurs (sutures b/w bones of skull, joint b/w distal tibia-fibula and radius-ulna)  
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What are the four components of a comprehensive exercise assessment?   show
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Average resting heart rate for men is __ beats per minute.   show
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show 75  
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show 85  
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To convert a 10 repetition-max weightload to a 1-repetition-max estimation, divide the weight by ___.   show
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show absolute maximum oxygen uptake  
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show relative maximum oxygen uptake  
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Which indicates a higher health risk, upper or lower body obesity?   show
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The greatest amount of force that muscles can produce in a single maximal effort.   show
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show muscular endurance  
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Low-weight, high rep muscular endurance tests are most appropriate for whom?   show
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show 1. don't go to stage II if HR exceeds 140 at stage 1 (this person is unfit) 2. stages IV and V should only be used with clients under age 50 3. Never go to the next stage if the HR exceeds 145 bpm  
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show chest, abdomen, thigh  
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What are the skinfold sites for women?   show
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What is the location of the chest skinfold?   show
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show vertical skinfold taken 1 inch lateral to the umbilicus  
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show vertical skinfold taken midway between the hip and knee joints on the front of the thigh  
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show vertical fold on the back of the upper arm taken halfway between the acromial (shoulder) and olecranon (elbow) processes  
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show diagonal fold taken at, or just anterior to, the crest of the ilium  
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What are the advantages to the bench-press test?   show
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show uses fixed weight, which places lighter clients at a disadvantage  
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What are the advantages to the isometric strength test?   show
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What are the advantages to the trunk flexion test?   show
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What are the advantages of hydrostatic weighing?   show
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What are the disadvantages of hydrostatic weighing?   show
🗑
What are the disadvantages to the trunk flexion test?   show
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What are the disadvantages to the isometric strength test?   show
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show client has shortness in pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi area  
🗑
What are the implications of a trunk flexion test in which a 28 yr old female has flexion of 15 inches with a trunk flexion evaluation of poor.   show
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show client has fair rating of shoulder flexibility with lack of internal and external rotation  
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show client has extremely tight hip flexors  
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What evaluation would you give to a client whose trunk is able to move forward on to the thighs and motion can occur at the hips and low back?   show
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What evaluation would you give to a client where bending forward causes some restriction in the low back so that bending occurs more in the lumbar spine?   show
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What evaluation would you give to a client where bending forward results in lumbar spine remaining straight and the bending occurs in the upper area of the spine?   show
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What evaluation would you give to a client whose hips remain in contact with the floor when arms are fully extended in a trunk extension test?   show
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show fair trunk extension  
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What evaluation would you give to a client whose hips rise from the floor two or more inches when arms are fully extended in a trunk extension test?   show
🗑
show good shoulder flexibility  
🗑
show fair shoulder flexibility  
🗑
What evaluation would you give to a client whose fingertips are more than two inches apart in a shoulder flexibility test?   show
🗑
show bench press and push ups  
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What are some ways to test abdominal strength and endurance?   show
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show leg press  
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show 1. establish a baseline to evaluate progress 2. establish goals and provide motivation 3. identify areas of health and injury risks 4. assist in developing an exercise program 5. to assess current fitness levels relative to age and sex  
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List the cardiovascular health benefits related to cardiorespiratory exercise.   show
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List the adaptive physiologic responses related to cardiorespiratory exercise.   show
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Which is responsible for preventing muscle spasms or cramping, the warm up or cool down ?   show
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Which is responsible for preventing musculoskeletal injury as a result of stretching, the warm up or cool down?   show
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show warm up  
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show warm up  
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Causes a gradual increase in muscle temperature which decreases the work of contraction and reduces the likelihood of muscle injury   show
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show warm up  
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Improves coronary blood flow in early stages of the conditioning exercise, lessening the potential for myocardial ischemia   show
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Allows a gradual redistribution of blood flow to active muscles   show
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Increases the elasticity of connective tissue and other muscle components   show
🗑
Provides a screening mechanism for potential musculoskeletal or metabolic problems that may increase at higher intensities   show
🗑
Provides a psychological warm-up to higher levels of work ( ie, increases arousal and focus on exercise)   show
🗑
Prevents post-exercise venous blood pooling and too rapid a drop in blood pressure, thereby reducing the likelihood of post-exercise lightheadedness or fainting   show
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show cool down  
🗑
show cool down  
🗑
What is the range for Borg's rating of perceived exertion (from not moving to maximum exertion)?   show
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show maximal measured/predicted heart rate * 60 to 90 percent (desired % of max heart rate)  
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ACSM recommends an exercise intensity of __ to __ percentage of maximum heart rate, which approximates __ to __ percentage of heart rate reserve and maximum oxygen uptake.   show
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show 50-60  
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show 40-50  
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What is the appropriate maximal oxygen uptake range for those who are apparently healthy and in higher fitness classifications?   show
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For any given percentage of maximum oxygen uptake, except for maximum exercise intensities, the % of maximum heart rate will be somewhat __.   show
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What is the karvonen formula?   show
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show 12-16  
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What training method would you use with a client who has an aerobic capacity of 1-3.9 METS (poor cardioresp fitness level)?   show
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show aerobic interval training at 3-5 METS  
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show aerobic interval training at 6-8 METS; continuous training at 5-8 METS  
🗑
What training method would you use with a client who has an aerobic capacity of 11-13.9 METS (good cardioresp fitness level)?   show
🗑
What training method would you use with a client who has an aerobic capacity of 14+ METS (high cardioresp fitness level)   show
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show 1. initial conditioning stage 2. improvement conditioning stage 3. maintenance conditioning stage  
🗑
A form of training similar to interval training, except the work-rest intervals are not systematically measured but are instead determined by how the participant feels   show
🗑
When comparing target heart-rate ranges using intensity by percentage of maximum heart rate and intensity by the Karvonen formula, which number is higher and why?   show
🗑
Using the revised Borg scale, the average exerciser should be between the numbers of __ and __.   show
🗑
Using the old Borg scale, a rating of 12 would indicate a heart rate of __ bpm.   show
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show hold a conversation, reduce the intensity  
🗑
The lower the initial level of fitness, the __ the rate of increase in aerobic capacity.   show
🗑
show lower  
🗑
show higher, reduced  
🗑
Moderate submaximal exercise in healthy individuals does not appear to be significantly affected by a __ to __ percent increase in blood carbon monoxide.   show
🗑
How does age affect increases in aerobic capacity?   show
🗑
show anaerobic  
🗑
show higher  
🗑
show carotid artery  
🗑
show temporal artery  
🗑
show radial artery  
🗑
To find the __ place two fingers below the left clavicle, between the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major   show
🗑
What is the formula for cardiac output max?   show
🗑
What is the formula for oxygen extraction max?   show
🗑
show cardiac output max * oxygen extraction max  
🗑
What is the formula for determining protein requirements for the average person?   show
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show weight in kg * (1.2 to 1.7)  
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Desirable total cholesterol should be less than __ mg/DL   show
🗑
Desirable LDL cholesterol should be less than __ mg/DL   show
🗑
Borderline total cholesterol ranges from __ to __ mg/DL   show
🗑
show 130-159  
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show 240  
🗑
show 160  
🗑
Low HDL cholesterol is considered anything under __ mg/DL   show
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Normal systolic blood pressure is less than __ mm/Hg and normal diastolic blood pressure is less than __ mm/Hg.   show
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High-normal systolic blood pressure ranges from __ to __ mm/Hg and high-normal diastolic blood pressure ranges from __ to __ mm/Hg.   show
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Hypertensive systolic blood pressure is greater than __ mm/Hg and hypertensive diastolic blood pressure is greater than __ mm/Hg.   show
🗑
What is the formula for calculating BMI?   show
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show 19-24  
🗑
What is considered an overweight BMI range?   show
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show 30-34  
🗑
What is considered a seriously obese BMI range?   show
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show 2-5%, 10-13%  
🗑
What is the athletic body fat range for men and women?   show
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show 14-17%, 21-24%  
🗑
What is the healthy body fat range for men and women?   show
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show 25+%, 32+%  
🗑
The amount of blood that flows from each ventricle in one minute.   show
🗑
show true  
🗑
show stroke volume  
🗑
The percentage of total volume of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during systolic contraction of the heart.   show
🗑
show 50, 100  
🗑
show oxygen extraction or arterio-venous oxygen difference  
🗑
The point during high intensity exercise when the body can no longer meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates   show
🗑
show maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)  
🗑
Represents an individuals maximum aerobic capacity and depends on 1) delivery of oxygen to working muscle by the blood and 2) the ability to extract oxygen from blood at capillaries and use it in mitochondria   show
🗑
The need for minimal equipment, low cost, and space and time efficiency are advantages to which type of equipment?   show
🗑
show isometric  
🗑
Accommodating resistance forces, speed regulation, detailed performance feedback, and reduced muscle soreness are advantages to which type of equipment?   show
🗑
show isokinetic  
🗑
show dynamic constant resistance  
🗑
show dynamic constant resistance  
🗑
The ability to train through a full range of joint motion on most exercises, fairly consistent matching of resistive forces throughout the exercise movements, and (in most cases) tangible evidence of improvement are advantages to which type of equipment?   show
🗑
The expense of equipment, limited number of training movements, and lack of accessibility are disadvantages to which type of equipment?   show
🗑
How does strength training benefit physical capacity?   show
🗑
How does strength training benefit physical appearance?   show
🗑
show it increases resting metabolic rate preventing excess energy storage as fat  
🗑
show it reduces risk of injury and many degenerative diseases  
🗑
show gender, age, limb length, muscle length, tendon insertion and muscle type  
🗑
show greater  
🗑
show disadvantage  
🗑
show inverse  
🗑
show multiple-set strength training  
🗑
The lower time requirement for the shorter exercise session is an advantage of __.   show
🗑
show type I (slow twitch)  
🗑
show type II (fast twitch)  
🗑
The process of strength training results in microscopic tears to the ___ and ___.   show
🗑
The body usually requires __ to __ hours to fully recover so that strengthening can occur. If workouts are too close together the body will not have the chance to fully __ and build strength.   show
🗑
What type of training develops strength and stabilization so that force can be transferred efficiently between the upper and lower body?   show
🗑
show functional  
🗑
What are some examples of low-intensity active rest?   show
🗑
show volume  
🗑
show 4-5  
🗑
show 12-20  
🗑
show muscular endurance, <70, 12-20, 1-3, 20-30  
🗑
show hypertrophy/strength, 70-80, 8-12, 1-6, 30-120  
🗑
show max strength/power, 80-100, 1-8, 1-5+, 2-5  
🗑
Using progressive increase in resistance over time, causing targeted muscles to fatigue in 30 to 90 secs, and challenging all major movements to which muscles contribute are the three general guidelines for what?   show
🗑
show increase: physical efficiency/performance, blood supply and nutrients to joint structures, neuromuscular coordination decrease: risk of injury, risk of low back pain, stress  
🗑
show passive  
🗑
show active  
🗑
show static  
🗑
show dynamic  
🗑
show elastic stretching  
🗑
During __the deformation to the tissue remains after the tension is removed.   show
🗑
What kind of stretching is primarily active and aimed at reducing muscle stiffness?   show
🗑
show post-exercise stretching  
🗑
show low-force long duration  
🗑
show static stretching  
🗑
High-force, short duration method that employs rapid, uncontrolled bouncing motions.   show
🗑
A method of promoting the response of neuromuscular mechanisms through the stimulation of proprioceptors in an attempt to gain more stretch in a muscle   show
🗑
Stretch never held for more than two seconds. Stretch is then released, body segment returned to starting position, and the stretch is repeated for several more repetitions with each subsequent movement exceeding the resistance point by a few degrees.   show
🗑
The greatest increases in flexibility occur between the ages of __ and __.   show
🗑
show females  
🗑
show decline, 25  
🗑
show age, gender, joint structure, muscle tendon attachments, muscle cross-sectional area, body temperature, pregnancy  
🗑
In pregnant women, changes in hormonal levels (namely relaxin) __ joint and tissue laxity, which may increase their susceptibility to injury.   show
🗑
show 1. medical/health screening 2. physical fitness testing 3. selection of exercise mode 4. design of an exercise program for total fitness  
🗑
The CDC/ACSM exercise lite guidelines are to help encourage __ individuals to improve their overall health by adding __ to __ activities to their weekly schedule.   show
🗑
Typically lasts 4-6 weeks. Intensity, frequency, and duration are at the lower end of the training range. Increases are gradual.   show
🗑
Typically lasts 8-20 weeks. Intensity, frequency, and duration are at the middle of the training range. Retesting fitness components every 3 months.   show
🗑
show maintenance conditioning stage  
🗑
show 75,000  
🗑
show lack of time  
🗑
Maintaining physical fitness is possible even when the training volume is decreased by __.   show
🗑
show 30  
🗑
show isotonic  
🗑
In men, a waist circumference of greater than ____ inches is considered to be a strong indicator of abdominal obesity.   show
🗑
show 140  
🗑
Which primary neural mechanism related to the stretch reflex causes a muscle to contract to protect itself in response to overstretching?   show
🗑
show 6 months after the start of the exercise program.  
🗑
show 85%  
🗑
A stroke is also referred to as ________.   show
🗑
According to current estimates, approximately what percentage of the American population does not engage in any leisure-time activity?   show
🗑
show 50  
🗑
show 25  
🗑
show 750  
🗑
show exercise experience  
🗑
show muscle  
🗑
show 7-10  
🗑
Comprised of the brain and spinal cord, it is completely enclosed in bone and is the control center (receives and integrates information and formulates appropriate responses)   show
🗑
show external respiration  
🗑
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/w the blood and the cells of the body.   show
🗑
show cellular respiration  
🗑
How many bones make up the axial skeleton?   show
🗑
How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?   show
🗑
__ are living, such as red blood cells.   show
🗑
__ is composed of nonliving water and dissolved solutes.   show
🗑
Which system protects against disease, forms blood clots, and helps to regulate body temperature?   show
🗑
show at least 3X/week, 50-85% max VO2, at least 10-20 min/session, rhythmic large muscle movement  
🗑
show compliance, skill, equipment  
🗑
The combination of __ and __ has been shown to be the most effective way to contribute to a weight management program. The combinations burns __ and stimulates __ rate.   show
🗑
show movements that clients with lower-back pain should avoid  
🗑
show 40-75% HRR, gradually increased to 20-30 minutes, 3-5 days/week  
🗑
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes   show
🗑
show emphysema  
🗑
show type I diabetes  
🗑
Usually occurs during adulthood in overweight individuals and is characterized by a decreased sensitivity to insulin (increasing numbers of children are being diagnosed)   show
🗑
What is the difference between a cerebrovascular accident (cva) and myocardial infarction?   show
🗑
Clients with __ can't jump, do high-impact/step aerobics, jog/run, do spinal flexion, crunches, rowing machines, trampolines, abduct or adduct the legs against resistance, move their legs sideways across their body, or pull on neck with hands behind head.   show
🗑
show low-back pain  
🗑
show arthritis  
🗑
show osteoporosis  
🗑
show asthma/bronchitis/emphysema  
🗑
Appropriate dress, behavior, and demeanor, as well as respecting the client-trainer relationship and the client's privacy and confidentiality are examples of __.   show
🗑
Placing effort and extra work into all aspects of the workout, staying current, and finding answers to client concerns and questions are examples of __.   show
🗑
Recognizing and understanding each client for his or her unique situation and giving and receiving feedback are examples of __.   show
🗑
show burnout  
🗑
Being prepared for each session, starting and ending sessions on time, and arranging for substitutes when unable to attend are examples of __.   show
🗑
In a standard exercise program, the percentage of participants likely to drop out by the first six months is __.   show
🗑
__ is the most often cited reason for discontinuing a vigorous exercise program.   show
🗑
The first three to six months of exercise, when many of the difficulties associated with maintaining a fitness regimen normally occur, is called the initial __.   show
🗑
What are possible side effects that may accompany increased physical activity?   show
🗑
show blaming the victim  
🗑
show joint  
🗑
Feelings of accomplishment, stress reduction, better sleep, and circumference changes in arms/legs are all examples of __.   show
🗑
show short term benefits of exercise  
🗑
What are the two components of a complete behavioral contract?   show
🗑
show specific, performance, corrective information  
🗑
show 1. rapport 2. investigation 3. planning 4. action  
🗑
show 1. assessment 2. teaching 3. evaluation  
🗑
show maintenance, relapse  
🗑
Essential for thorough understanding and involves the gathering of information   show
🗑
An ongoing process throughout the program that allows revision and refinement, as well as periodic follow-up after program termination.   show
🗑
show antecedents  
🗑
show consequence  
🗑
During __ the individual is not intending to change soon (i.e. within six months)   show
🗑
show preparation  
🗑
The reinforcement of successive approximations until a desired goal is reached.   show
🗑
show observational learning  
🗑
show 30-35  
🗑
show cognitive quicksand  
🗑
During the __ stage of change the client weighs the costs and benefits of lifestyle modification.   show
🗑
__ are a means to break the connection between events or other stimuli and behavior.   show
🗑
show goal setting  
🗑
show independent practice  
🗑
show health behavior/belief model  
🗑
A difficulty with the term __ is that it suggests that all the fault lies with the client and that it is reflective of poor motivation or laziness.   show
🗑
show muscle  
🗑
__ repairs itself with exactly the same type of tissue when injured.   show
🗑
show ligament  
🗑
Stopping the exercise session, removing client from hot environmental conditions, activating EMS, and giving fluids if conscious are all appropriate immediate care for __.   show
🗑
show hypothermia  
🗑
For a client with __ you should concentrate on strengthening the peroneal muscles.   show
🗑
For a client with __ you should minimize extreme shoulder abduction and external rotation.   show
🗑
show runner's knee/jumper's knee  
🗑
show spinal injuries  
🗑
Avoid continuing the activity that caused the injury   show
🗑
show ice  
🗑
show compression  
🗑
show elevation  
🗑
Increased temperature, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function are the five signs of __.   show
🗑
What are five items that should always be stocked in a first aid kit.   show
🗑
show secondary assessment process  
🗑
show grand mal seizure  
🗑
show aura  
🗑
When the victim loses consciousness, holds his breath, and is rigid during a seizure   show
🗑
show clonic phase  
🗑
show postictal phase  
🗑
__ are trained to administer basic medical care, while __ are trained to administer advanced care for life-threatening emergency needs.   show
🗑
__ identifies any threats to life or limb, while __ occurs once life threatening needs of the victim have been addressed.   show
🗑
__ is chest pain that doesn't cause permanent damage, while __ results in permanent damage to the myocardium.   show
🗑
show simple/closed  
🗑
show compound/open  
🗑
__ are tears of the ligaments, while __ can be microscopic or gross and are located at the muscle or tendon.   show
🗑
ABC stands for what?   show
🗑
show because the brain needs oxygen so circulating blood that doesn't contain oxygen is ineffective  
🗑
Offer and acceptance with mutual agreement of terms, consideration (an exchange of valuable items, eg money for services), legality (acceptable form under the law), and ability of parties to enter contract w/ respect to legal age and mental capability are   show
🗑
Instruction, supervision, facilities, equipment, contracts, and business structure are the main areas to evaluate when creating a __.   show
🗑


   

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