Skin/Integumentary Function and Structure Definitions
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| Function Of the Skin | Waterproofs the body and prevents fluid loss, receptor for sense of touch, helps body Synthesize vitamin D from sun's ultraviolet light
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| Sebaceous Glands | Secrete Sebum, a lipid (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourage growth of bacteria
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| Sebaceous Glands | Also known as Oil glands
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| Sweat Glands | help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat
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| Hair | helps control the loss of body heat
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| Nails | protect the dorsal surface of the last bones of each toe and fingers
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| Integumentary system consists of | Skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair and nails
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| Is the skin the largest organ? | Yes
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| cutaneous and derma | means skin and ous means pertaining to
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| epidermis | outer most layer of the skin, made up of several specialized epithelial tissues
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| Epithelial tissues | form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
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| Squamous epithelial tissue | forms the upper layer of th epidermis, consists of flat, scaly cells.
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| Squamous | means scale-like, layer is continuously shed by sloughing off of cells.
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| Does the epidermis contain any blood vessels or connective tissue? | No
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| What is the basal layer? | where cells are produced in the lowest part of the epidermis and are pushed upward. When the cell reach surface they will die and becoome keratin
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| What is Keratin? | a fibrous, water-repellent proten
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| What are the three layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous tissue
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| Melanocytes | cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment called melanin
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| Melanin | determine the color of the skin, it also oproduces posts for color such as freckles, and protects skin against some of ultraviolent rays of the sun.
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| Ultraviolet (UV) | refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end.
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| Dermis | also known as the corium
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| Corium | thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis
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| Corium | contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers, contains the structure of the skin, hair follicles,oil glands
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| Tactile | pertaining to the sense of touch
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| Perception | ability to recognize sensory stimuli
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| Collagen | means glue, tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material also found in the bone, cartiage tendons, and ligaments
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| Mast cells | found in the connective tissue of dermis respond to injury, infection, or allergy by releasing heparin and histamine
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| Heparin | released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant
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| Histamine | released in response to allergens, causes itching and increase mucus secretion
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| Subcutaneous layer | located just belwo the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles
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| Subcutaneous layer | made up of loose connective tissue and fatty adipose tissue (adipose means fat)
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| Cellulite | dimpled fat found on the thighs and buttocks of many women
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| Lipocytes (fat cells) | manufacture and store large quantities of fat (lip/o means fat and cytes means cells)
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| Where are the Sebaceous glands located? | in the dermis layer of skin closely associated with hair follicles
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| Sebum | released through ducts opening into the hair follicles, sebum move onto surface to lubricate the skin
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| Mammary Glands | milk producing glands (in the breast)
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| Sweat Glands | also known as Sudoriferous glands
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| Sudoriferous glands | tiny, coilded glands found on all body surfaces. numerous in palm of hand and sole of feet, forehead, and the armpits
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| Hidrosis | production and excretion of sweat
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| Hair | fibers are rodlike structure composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin
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| Hair follicles | sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
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| arrector pili | also known as erector muscles, tiny muscles fibers attached to the hair follicles cause hair to stand erect, (goose bumps)
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| unguis | keratin plate protecting the dorsal surface of finger and toe
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| nail body | translucent, closely molded to the surface of underlying tissues
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| nail bed | joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue, nourishes the nail
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| free edge | portion of nail not attached to the nail bed
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| lunula | pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root
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| cuticle | narrow band of epidermis attached to surface of nail just in front of root, little skin
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| root | fasten nail to the finger
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| dermatologist | specialized in diagnosing and treating disorders
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| cosmetic surgeon | surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structure (plastic surgeon)
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| plasty | meaning surgical repair
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| acne | chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin
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| acne vulgaris | most common thype of acne
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| comedo | noninfected lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicale.(blackhead)
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| sebaceous cyst | sebaceous gland containing yellow, fatty material
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| seborrhea | skin condition in which there is an over production of sebum
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| seborrhea dermatitis | inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp
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| seborrhea keratosis | benign growth that has a waxy pasted on look. (occur mostly in elder)
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| Anhidrosis | abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat (hidr-sweat)
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| Hyperhidrosis | condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body
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| Diaphoresis | profuse sweating dia means through or complete phor means movement esis means abnormal
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| Millaria | heat rash and prickly heat, intensive itchy rash
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| folliculitis | inflammation of the hair follicles that is especially common on the limbs, beard area
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| hirsutism | presence of excessive bodily and facial hair in women (hirsut means hairy)
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| Alopecia | baldness, complete loss of hair, alopec/o means baldness
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| clubbing | abnormal curving of the nails that is accompanied by enlargement of fingertips
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| koilonychia | spoon nail, malformation of the nails, the outer surface is concave or scooped
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| Onychia | onych means nail and ia means condition
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| onychocryptosis | in-grown toenail (crypt means hidden
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| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail
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| onychophagia | nail biting or nail eating, phagia means eating or swallowing
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| Paronychia | acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
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| Albinism | white, inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair or irises
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| chloasma (melasma or mask of pregnancy) | pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face
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| Melanosis | condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different part of the body, black condition
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| Vitiligo | autoimmune disorder loss of melanin resulting in whitish areas of skin on face and hands
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| contusion or bruise | injury that does not breadk the skin
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| petechiae | small pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2mm in diameter
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| purpura | condition that cause spontaneous bruises that are 2 mm to 10mm in diameter (purple)
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| ecchymosis | irregular area of purplish discoloration that is larger than 10mm in diameter
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| hermatoma | swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues that is cause by injury
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| lesion | pathologic change of tissue die to disease or injury
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| crust (scab) | collection of dried serum and cellular debris
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| macule | discolored flast spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter freckles or flat moles
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| papule | small raised red liason that is less than 0.5 cim in idameter small pimples and insect bites
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| nodule | solid raised skin lesion larger than 0.5cm and deeper than a papule (cluster of cells)
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| plaque | scaly, solid raised area of closed spaced papules
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| scales | flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
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| verrucae (warts) | small, hard skin lesions caused by human papilloma virus
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| wheal (welt) | small bump that itches, can appear as symptom of allergic reaction
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| abscess | closed pocket containing pus caused by bacterial infection.
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| purulent | producing or containing pus
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| cyst | deep closed sac just under the skin containing soft or semisolid material
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| pustule (pimple) | small circumscribed leision contining pus.
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| vesicle | small blister less than 0.5cm in diameter containing watery fluid
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| bulla | large blister
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| abrasion | injury on which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away
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| fissure | groove or crack-like sore
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| laceration | jagged wound or and accidential cut
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| puncture wound | deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail.
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| needlestick injury | accidental puncture with a hypodermic needle
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| ulcer | open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss aournd the edges
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| decubitus ulcer (bedsore) | ulcerated area which prolonged pressure causes tissue death.
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| port-wine stain | large reddish purple discoloration of the face or neck
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| strawberry hemangioma | soft raised dark, reddish purple birthmark hemangioma benign tumor
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| prurtius | itching
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| eczema | form of dermatitis that usually with severe itching.
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| contact dermatitis | allergic response cause by contact with an irritant or allergen
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| Erythema | redness
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| pyoderma | acute, inflammation pus forming bacterial skin infectio such as impetigo
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| dermatosis | skin lesions or eruption of any type that are not associated with inflammation
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| Ichthyosis | group of hereditary disorders that are characterized by dry, thickened, and scaley skin
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| lupus erythematosus | autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk
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| lipedema | chronic swelling caused by the collection of fat and fluid under the skin
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| psoriasis | common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in red papules coverd with silvery scales in elbows, knees, scalp, back, buttock
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| Rosacea | chronic condition of unknown causes that produces redness, tiny pimples, broken blood vessels.
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| Rhinophyma (bulbous nose) | hyperplasia (overgrowth) of the tissue of the nose
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| Scleroderma | autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened
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| Urticaria (hives) | wheals caused by an allergic reaction
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| Xeroderma | excessively dry skin
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| Furuncles (boils) | large tender, swollen, areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles
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| carbuncle | cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
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| cellulitis | rapidly spreading infection within tissue characterized by malaise, swelling red streaks
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| gangrene | tissue necrosis (death) loss of circulation to the affected area.
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| impetigo | contagious bacterial skin infection by isolated pustules that become crusted
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| necrotizing fascilitis | flesh eating bacteria
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| tinea | fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails. (ringworm)
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| scabies | skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite that produces distinctive brown lines and itchy rash.
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| pediculosis | lice, infestation with lice
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| pediculosis capitis | infestation of head lice
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| pediculosis corporis | infestation with body lice
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| pediculosis pubis | infestation with lice in pubic hair or pubic region
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| callus | thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing
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| cicatrix | normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
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| granulation tissue | tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound.
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| granuloma | small knotlike swelling
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| keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaires of the incision
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| keratosis | skin growth such as a wart or a callus
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| keratin | hard or horny tissue
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| lipoma | benign fatty deposit under the skin that causes a bump
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| nevi (moles) | small dark skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin
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| Dysplastic nevi | a typical moles that may develop into skin cancer
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| papilloma | benign superficial wartlike growth on the epithelial tissue
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| polyp | a mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
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| skin tags | small flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks.
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| three types of skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
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| Basal cell carconoma | most frequent and least harmful type of skin cancer, malignant turmor of basal cell
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| squamous cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the thin, scaly squamous cells of the epithelium
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| malignant melanoma | occurs in melanocytes
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| actinic keratosis | skin lesion caused by excessive exposure to the sun, rough red scaly patche on skin
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| burn | injury to body tissue caused by heat, flame electricity sun chemical or radiation
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| First degree (skin red, dry) | no blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis
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| Secondo-degree (skin moist pink or red) | Blisters, damage to the epidermis and the second layer
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| Third degree(Charring, skin black, brown, red) | damage to epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers and possible also in muscle below
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| biopsy | removal of small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm
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| incisional biopsy | a piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed
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| excisional biopsy | entire tumor or leision and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed
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| needle biopsy | hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination
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| exfollative cytology | technique in which cells are scraped from tissue and examined under a microscope
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| sunscreen | blocks out harmful ultraviolet B rays (sun protection factor)
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| Cryosurgery | destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells such as warts or tumors
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| debridement | removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue to prevent infection promote healing
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| incision and drainage I &D | involves incision cutting open of a lesion
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| Mohs' surgery | technique of excising skin tumors by removing tumor tissue
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| lasers | used to treat skin and many conditions affecting other body conditions
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| Rhinoophyma | treated by using a laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing the excess tissue
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| port wine stain | treated using short pulses of laser light to remove the birthmark
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| Blepharoplasty | surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing excess fat
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| dermatoplasty | skin graft
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| lipectomy | surgical removal of fat beneath the skin
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| liposuction | suction assisted lipectomy
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| rhytidectomy | facelift, surgical removal of excess skin and fat to eliminate wrinkles
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| rhytid | wrinkles
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| Sclerotherapy | used in treatment of spider veins
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| cellulitis | diffuse infection of connective tissue
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| incisional | bioopsy technique which part of lesion is cut out
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| alopecia areata | disorder which there are well defined bald areas
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| ecchymosis | commonly known as bruise
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| cicatrix | normal scar left by a wound
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| onych/o | nail
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| pil/o | hair
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| xer/o | dry
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| myc/o | fungus
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| seb/o | sebum
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| albin/o | white
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| hidr/o | sweat
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| rhytid | wrinkle
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| erythr/o | red
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| bi/o | life
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| pedicul/o | lice
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| melan/o | black
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| kerat/o | hard, horny tissue
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| lip/o | fat
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| dermat/o | skin
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| laser | treatment used to remove a port wine stain
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| verrucae | lesions caused by human papillomavirus known as warts
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| sebaceous | secrete sebum
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| unguis | finger and toe nails
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| dermis | layer of skin below epidermis
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| basal cell | lesion carcinoma tend to bleed easily
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| laceration | torn or jagged wound
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| impetigo | contagious, superficial skin infection seen in young children
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| Urtricaria | medical term for condition known as hives
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