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Skin/Integumentary
Skin/Integumentary Function and Structure Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function Of the Skin | Waterproofs the body and prevents fluid loss, receptor for sense of touch, helps body Synthesize vitamin D from sun's ultraviolet light |
| Sebaceous Glands | Secrete Sebum, a lipid (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourage growth of bacteria |
| Sebaceous Glands | Also known as Oil glands |
| Sweat Glands | help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat |
| Hair | helps control the loss of body heat |
| Nails | protect the dorsal surface of the last bones of each toe and fingers |
| Integumentary system consists of | Skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair and nails |
| Is the skin the largest organ? | Yes |
| cutaneous and derma | means skin and ous means pertaining to |
| epidermis | outer most layer of the skin, made up of several specialized epithelial tissues |
| Epithelial tissues | form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body |
| Squamous epithelial tissue | forms the upper layer of th epidermis, consists of flat, scaly cells. |
| Squamous | means scale-like, layer is continuously shed by sloughing off of cells. |
| Does the epidermis contain any blood vessels or connective tissue? | No |
| What is the basal layer? | where cells are produced in the lowest part of the epidermis and are pushed upward. When the cell reach surface they will die and becoome keratin |
| What is Keratin? | a fibrous, water-repellent proten |
| What are the three layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous tissue |
| Melanocytes | cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment called melanin |
| Melanin | determine the color of the skin, it also oproduces posts for color such as freckles, and protects skin against some of ultraviolent rays of the sun. |
| Ultraviolet (UV) | refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end. |
| Dermis | also known as the corium |
| Corium | thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis |
| Corium | contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers, contains the structure of the skin, hair follicles,oil glands |
| Tactile | pertaining to the sense of touch |
| Perception | ability to recognize sensory stimuli |
| Collagen | means glue, tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material also found in the bone, cartiage tendons, and ligaments |
| Mast cells | found in the connective tissue of dermis respond to injury, infection, or allergy by releasing heparin and histamine |
| Heparin | released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant |
| Histamine | released in response to allergens, causes itching and increase mucus secretion |
| Subcutaneous layer | located just belwo the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles |
| Subcutaneous layer | made up of loose connective tissue and fatty adipose tissue (adipose means fat) |
| Cellulite | dimpled fat found on the thighs and buttocks of many women |
| Lipocytes (fat cells) | manufacture and store large quantities of fat (lip/o means fat and cytes means cells) |
| Where are the Sebaceous glands located? | in the dermis layer of skin closely associated with hair follicles |
| Sebum | released through ducts opening into the hair follicles, sebum move onto surface to lubricate the skin |
| Mammary Glands | milk producing glands (in the breast) |
| Sweat Glands | also known as Sudoriferous glands |
| Sudoriferous glands | tiny, coilded glands found on all body surfaces. numerous in palm of hand and sole of feet, forehead, and the armpits |
| Hidrosis | production and excretion of sweat |
| Hair | fibers are rodlike structure composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin |
| Hair follicles | sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers |
| arrector pili | also known as erector muscles, tiny muscles fibers attached to the hair follicles cause hair to stand erect, (goose bumps) |
| unguis | keratin plate protecting the dorsal surface of finger and toe |
| nail body | translucent, closely molded to the surface of underlying tissues |
| nail bed | joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue, nourishes the nail |
| free edge | portion of nail not attached to the nail bed |
| lunula | pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root |
| cuticle | narrow band of epidermis attached to surface of nail just in front of root, little skin |
| root | fasten nail to the finger |
| dermatologist | specialized in diagnosing and treating disorders |
| cosmetic surgeon | surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structure (plastic surgeon) |
| plasty | meaning surgical repair |
| acne | chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin |
| acne vulgaris | most common thype of acne |
| comedo | noninfected lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicale.(blackhead) |
| sebaceous cyst | sebaceous gland containing yellow, fatty material |
| seborrhea | skin condition in which there is an over production of sebum |
| seborrhea dermatitis | inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp |
| seborrhea keratosis | benign growth that has a waxy pasted on look. (occur mostly in elder) |
| Anhidrosis | abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat (hidr-sweat) |
| Hyperhidrosis | condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body |
| Diaphoresis | profuse sweating dia means through or complete phor means movement esis means abnormal |
| Millaria | heat rash and prickly heat, intensive itchy rash |
| folliculitis | inflammation of the hair follicles that is especially common on the limbs, beard area |
| hirsutism | presence of excessive bodily and facial hair in women (hirsut means hairy) |
| Alopecia | baldness, complete loss of hair, alopec/o means baldness |
| clubbing | abnormal curving of the nails that is accompanied by enlargement of fingertips |
| koilonychia | spoon nail, malformation of the nails, the outer surface is concave or scooped |
| Onychia | onych means nail and ia means condition |
| onychocryptosis | in-grown toenail (crypt means hidden |
| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail |
| onychophagia | nail biting or nail eating, phagia means eating or swallowing |
| Paronychia | acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail |
| Albinism | white, inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair or irises |
| chloasma (melasma or mask of pregnancy) | pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face |
| Melanosis | condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different part of the body, black condition |
| Vitiligo | autoimmune disorder loss of melanin resulting in whitish areas of skin on face and hands |
| contusion or bruise | injury that does not breadk the skin |
| petechiae | small pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2mm in diameter |
| purpura | condition that cause spontaneous bruises that are 2 mm to 10mm in diameter (purple) |
| ecchymosis | irregular area of purplish discoloration that is larger than 10mm in diameter |
| hermatoma | swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues that is cause by injury |
| lesion | pathologic change of tissue die to disease or injury |
| crust (scab) | collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
| macule | discolored flast spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter freckles or flat moles |
| papule | small raised red liason that is less than 0.5 cim in idameter small pimples and insect bites |
| nodule | solid raised skin lesion larger than 0.5cm and deeper than a papule (cluster of cells) |
| plaque | scaly, solid raised area of closed spaced papules |
| scales | flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells |
| verrucae (warts) | small, hard skin lesions caused by human papilloma virus |
| wheal (welt) | small bump that itches, can appear as symptom of allergic reaction |
| abscess | closed pocket containing pus caused by bacterial infection. |
| purulent | producing or containing pus |
| cyst | deep closed sac just under the skin containing soft or semisolid material |
| pustule (pimple) | small circumscribed leision contining pus. |
| vesicle | small blister less than 0.5cm in diameter containing watery fluid |
| bulla | large blister |
| abrasion | injury on which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away |
| fissure | groove or crack-like sore |
| laceration | jagged wound or and accidential cut |
| puncture wound | deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail. |
| needlestick injury | accidental puncture with a hypodermic needle |
| ulcer | open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss aournd the edges |
| decubitus ulcer (bedsore) | ulcerated area which prolonged pressure causes tissue death. |
| port-wine stain | large reddish purple discoloration of the face or neck |
| strawberry hemangioma | soft raised dark, reddish purple birthmark hemangioma benign tumor |
| prurtius | itching |
| eczema | form of dermatitis that usually with severe itching. |
| contact dermatitis | allergic response cause by contact with an irritant or allergen |
| Erythema | redness |
| pyoderma | acute, inflammation pus forming bacterial skin infectio such as impetigo |
| dermatosis | skin lesions or eruption of any type that are not associated with inflammation |
| Ichthyosis | group of hereditary disorders that are characterized by dry, thickened, and scaley skin |
| lupus erythematosus | autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk |
| lipedema | chronic swelling caused by the collection of fat and fluid under the skin |
| psoriasis | common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in red papules coverd with silvery scales in elbows, knees, scalp, back, buttock |
| Rosacea | chronic condition of unknown causes that produces redness, tiny pimples, broken blood vessels. |
| Rhinophyma (bulbous nose) | hyperplasia (overgrowth) of the tissue of the nose |
| Scleroderma | autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened |
| Urticaria (hives) | wheals caused by an allergic reaction |
| Xeroderma | excessively dry skin |
| Furuncles (boils) | large tender, swollen, areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles |
| carbuncle | cluster of connected furuncles (boils) |
| cellulitis | rapidly spreading infection within tissue characterized by malaise, swelling red streaks |
| gangrene | tissue necrosis (death) loss of circulation to the affected area. |
| impetigo | contagious bacterial skin infection by isolated pustules that become crusted |
| necrotizing fascilitis | flesh eating bacteria |
| tinea | fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails. (ringworm) |
| scabies | skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite that produces distinctive brown lines and itchy rash. |
| pediculosis | lice, infestation with lice |
| pediculosis capitis | infestation of head lice |
| pediculosis corporis | infestation with body lice |
| pediculosis pubis | infestation with lice in pubic hair or pubic region |
| callus | thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing |
| cicatrix | normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound |
| granulation tissue | tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound. |
| granuloma | small knotlike swelling |
| keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaires of the incision |
| keratosis | skin growth such as a wart or a callus |
| keratin | hard or horny tissue |
| lipoma | benign fatty deposit under the skin that causes a bump |
| nevi (moles) | small dark skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin |
| Dysplastic nevi | a typical moles that may develop into skin cancer |
| papilloma | benign superficial wartlike growth on the epithelial tissue |
| polyp | a mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane |
| skin tags | small flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks. |
| three types of skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma |
| Basal cell carconoma | most frequent and least harmful type of skin cancer, malignant turmor of basal cell |
| squamous cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the thin, scaly squamous cells of the epithelium |
| malignant melanoma | occurs in melanocytes |
| actinic keratosis | skin lesion caused by excessive exposure to the sun, rough red scaly patche on skin |
| burn | injury to body tissue caused by heat, flame electricity sun chemical or radiation |
| First degree (skin red, dry) | no blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis |
| Secondo-degree (skin moist pink or red) | Blisters, damage to the epidermis and the second layer |
| Third degree(Charring, skin black, brown, red) | damage to epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers and possible also in muscle below |
| biopsy | removal of small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm |
| incisional biopsy | a piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed |
| excisional biopsy | entire tumor or leision and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed |
| needle biopsy | hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination |
| exfollative cytology | technique in which cells are scraped from tissue and examined under a microscope |
| sunscreen | blocks out harmful ultraviolet B rays (sun protection factor) |
| Cryosurgery | destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells such as warts or tumors |
| debridement | removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue to prevent infection promote healing |
| incision and drainage I &D | involves incision cutting open of a lesion |
| Mohs' surgery | technique of excising skin tumors by removing tumor tissue |
| lasers | used to treat skin and many conditions affecting other body conditions |
| Rhinoophyma | treated by using a laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing the excess tissue |
| port wine stain | treated using short pulses of laser light to remove the birthmark |
| Blepharoplasty | surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing excess fat |
| dermatoplasty | skin graft |
| lipectomy | surgical removal of fat beneath the skin |
| liposuction | suction assisted lipectomy |
| rhytidectomy | facelift, surgical removal of excess skin and fat to eliminate wrinkles |
| rhytid | wrinkles |
| Sclerotherapy | used in treatment of spider veins |
| cellulitis | diffuse infection of connective tissue |
| incisional | bioopsy technique which part of lesion is cut out |
| alopecia areata | disorder which there are well defined bald areas |
| ecchymosis | commonly known as bruise |
| cicatrix | normal scar left by a wound |
| onych/o | nail |
| pil/o | hair |
| xer/o | dry |
| myc/o | fungus |
| seb/o | sebum |
| albin/o | white |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| rhytid | wrinkle |
| erythr/o | red |
| bi/o | life |
| pedicul/o | lice |
| melan/o | black |
| kerat/o | hard, horny tissue |
| lip/o | fat |
| dermat/o | skin |
| laser | treatment used to remove a port wine stain |
| verrucae | lesions caused by human papillomavirus known as warts |
| sebaceous | secrete sebum |
| unguis | finger and toe nails |
| dermis | layer of skin below epidermis |
| basal cell | lesion carcinoma tend to bleed easily |
| laceration | torn or jagged wound |
| impetigo | contagious, superficial skin infection seen in young children |
| Urtricaria | medical term for condition known as hives |
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