Facts about South Carolina History and the Revolutionary War
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| Revolution | When people fight to replace one government with a different government
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| American Revolution | A fight to replace the British government with a new United States government
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| Boycott | When people refuse to buy something in order to make a point
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| Tea Act | This law was not a tax, but let one British company (British East India Company) rule the tea trade. This law made it cheaper to buy British tea than colonial tea, which drove many colonial tea merchants out of business
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| Militia | A small local army to be used in emergencies
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| Intolerable Acts | These laws were passed by the British after the Boston Tea Party and were designed to punish the colonists. These laws shut down the Boston Harbor and broke up Boston’s government.
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| Stamp Act | This law was a tax on certain papers the colonists used. The colonists had to pay for stamps to buy letters, newspapers, and even playing cards. This law was ended when the colonists decided to boycott British goods
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| Declaration of Independence | This said that the colonists wanted to be free states, that “all men are created equal” and had the rights of “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”, the government gets its power from the people, and the colonists had the right to go to war.
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| Second Continental Congress | The second meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where the colonists wanted independence from England. They decided to send a declaration to the king written by Thomas Jefferson and put George Washington as the new leader of the Continental Army.
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| First Continental Congress | The first meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where the colonists decided to set up a militia in each colony, start another boycott against the British, write a letter to the king, and meet again if Britain did not listen.
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| Constitution | This is a set of written laws and sets up how a government will work
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| Loyalists | Colonists who remained loyal to the king and did not want to go to war with England. Many lived in the South Carolina Backcountry because they felt safer under the British and thought the colonial government didn’t care about them.
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| Patriots | These colonists wanted to become a country separate from Great Britain. They were willing to go to war against the British to gain their independence.
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| Blockade | This is when a place is blocked or sealed off to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving
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| William Jasper | This patriot became a hero during the fighting on Sullivan’s Island. During the fighting, the flag was shot down and he risked his life to retrieve the flag and returned it to its position above the fort which made him a state hero.
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| Battle of Sullivan's Island | One of the first battles of the war as the British were defeated by the patriots, commanded by William Moultrie. The fort was made of palmetto logs and bounced the British cannon balls off as they hit, while other British ships got stuck in the sandbar.
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| Thomas Sumter | He started his own militia in the Backcountry to fight the British. He was upset with the British for raiding his home and burning it to the ground. He and his men fought hard, gaining him the name “Gamecock” because he never gave up.
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| Francis Marion | He led a militia of Patriots to several key victories in the Lowcountry. He was the father of partisan warfare or surprise attacks as his men would attack and disappear into the swamps giving him the named “Swamp Fox”.
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| Siege of Charles Town | Started with a blockade of the Charles Town harbor. Food began to run out and people were getting hungry and worried. Next, the British fired cannon balls into the city. After more than a month under siege, Charles Town had to surrender to the British
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| Battle of Cowpens | This battle was a Patriot victory because Daniel Morgan and Andrew Pickens outsmarted the British into thinking Pickens and his militia were retreating. The British charged after the retreating soldiers and a group of Morgan’s soldiers surprised them.
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| Battle of Kings Mountain | This battle was a bad loss for the British. Major Patrick Ferguson led a group of loyalist against a band of patriots, and the patriots surrounded the British. The British wanted to surrender, but the patriots killed Ferguson and most of the Loyalists
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| Andrew Pickens | He was a farmer who became a leader in the Backcountry. When Loyalists destroyed his plantation, he decided to fight back and joined the Patriots under Daniel Morgan. He won the Battle of Cowpens and fought at Kings Mountain and Eutaw Springs.
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| Battle of Yorktown | This battle was fought in Virginia as American soldiers blocked the British by land and French ships surrounded the British ships by water. The British had no way out and had to surrendered, basically ended the war.
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| Boston Tea Party | A group of colonists dressed up as Mohawk Native Americans and boarded British ships carrying tea from the British East India Company. They threw the chests of tea into the Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act.
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| Battle of Eutaw Springs | The last major battle in SC. Nathanial Greene led an attack on the main British camp and drove out many of the British soldiers. The patriots were eventually forced to retreat but the British had lost so many men that they gave up their fight in SC.
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| African Americans in the American Revolution | Some of these Americans were loyal to their owners and fought for the patriots, but the British promised freedom to any of them who would fight for them so some ran away to fight on the British side. Most were not allowed to fight in actual combat.
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| Women in the American Revolution | These colonists worked hard at home and near the battlefields. Some worked as nurses while others traveled around caring for soldiers. Some went to their husband’s army camps and did the cooking, washing, and sewing.
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| George Washington | He was the leader of the Continental army. He defeated the powerful British army with fewer supplies and less trained men. He also became our nation’s very first president
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| Colonial Assemblies | These were the group of government officials that were elected by the colonists. The colonists had a say in who they wanted in this group unlike officials sent by the king.
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| British Parliament | This is the name for the British government. The colonists were not happy that they did not have a voice in this group, but still had to follow its laws
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| Native Americans in the American Revolution | These Americans were caught up in the war as well. Most of the Cherokee decided to fight with the British. Many of the Catawba decided to fight for the Patriots.
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| Thomas Jefferson | This man wrote the Declaration of Independence. He was from the state of Virginia and eventually became the third president of the United Sates.
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| Lexington and Concord | In Massachusetts, a group of British soldiers marched towards these towns, searching for weapons but the colonists had been warned and grabbed their guns to meet the British. Shots were fired, and men on both sides were killed.
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| Sons of Liberty | This was a group of Patriots who refused to obey the British king’s laws. Many of them protested in the streets their unhappiness about the king’s laws. Christopher Gadsden from Charles Town was one of the leaders of this group
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| Battle at Ninety Six | This battle was fought between loyalist and patriots over gunpowder that the British had given to the Cherokee Native Americans. The struggle over these weapons led this battle
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| Patrick Ferguson | He was the leader of the group of loyalist who were defeated at the Battle of Kings Mountain. He was one of the only British soldiers who fought in the battle. He was killed at this battle after the patriots would not accept his surrender
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