Instruments Chapter 3
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| show | Light microscope
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| show | light microscope
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| provide image maginification and image resolution | show 🗑
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| Scanning lens, intermediate lens, high powered dry lens and immersion lens | show 🗑
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| show | Uncorrected lens also know as chromatic aberration
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| show | achromatic objectives
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| are corrected for three colors and for other lens aberrations | show 🗑
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| show | Apochromatic objectives
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| show | aberration
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| eyepiece | show 🗑
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| have a x10 mag and x5 oculars are frequently used on student microscope x15 oculars preferred by microscopist | show 🗑
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| show | total mag obtained w/a microspe
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| substage found below can be moved up/down | show 🗑
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| on modern microscopes consists of a condenser and iris diaphragm | show 🗑
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| show | condenser
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| show | condenser
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| regulated by iris diaphragm and should be varied w/t different objectives | show 🗑
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| should be adjusted so that peripheral light rays are blocked and light passing through the tissue should be limited so that it fills the front lens of the objective | show 🗑
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| show | microscope maintenance
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| show | microscope maintenance
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| show | microscope maintenance
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| show | microscope maintenance
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| show | microscope maintenance
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| do not touch lens surfaces w/fingers | show 🗑
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| show | polarizing microscope
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| show | polarizing microscope
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| used to examine tissue for substances exhibiting the phenomena of double refraction, anisotropism and birefringence | show 🗑
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| transmitting light unequally in different directions | show 🗑
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| having unlike properties in different directions | show 🗑
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| show | polarized light
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| vibrates in many planes | show 🗑
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| show | light emerging from the polarizer
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| can be converted to a polarizing microscope by placing one piece of polaring film on top of light source and another on top of the microscope slide. | show 🗑
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| through this microscope amyloid stained w/congo red, will show apple green birefringence | show 🗑
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| show | phase-contrast microscope
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| used to examine unstained living cells and allows transparent objects to be seen | show 🗑
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| show | a standard binocular microscope
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| not used in routine histology | show 🗑
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| show | dark field microscope
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| show | dark field microscope
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| show | dark field microscope
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| used for the study of unstained microorganisms and is rarely used in routine histopathology | show 🗑
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| phenomeonon in whic light of one wavelenght is absorbed by as substance and instantly remitted as light of a longer wavelength | show 🗑
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| show | fluorescence microscope
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| show | electron microscope
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| show | transmission electron microscope
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| show | transmission electron microscope
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| show | transmission electron microscope
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| show | transmission electron microscope
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| useful in dx of kidney disease and in tumor identification | show 🗑
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| has replaced the electron microscope, in tumor diagnosis | show 🗑
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| a dramatic three-dimensional image | show 🗑
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| the electron beam sweeps the surface of the specime and releases secondary electrons | show 🗑
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| show | scanning electron microscope
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| very expensive, requires skilled operator | show 🗑
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| show | scanning electron microscope
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| Rotary, sliding and freezing microtomes | show 🗑
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| show | rotary microtome
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| show | rotary microtome
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| block moves up/dowm and either the knife or block advances a preset number of micrometers w/each revolution of the wheel | show 🗑
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| used for sectioning celloidin and large paraffin blocks | show 🗑
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| block held stationary and the knife is moved along a horizontal plane past the block face | show 🗑
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| not used in routine histology | show 🗑
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| show | clinical freezing microtome
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| show | clinical freezing microtome
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| a sharp knife must have and edge free of defects, is essential to obtain a good section | show 🗑
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| show | good knife
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| nondiagnostic sections m/b obtained w/a | show 🗑
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| used for cutting plastics | show 🗑
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| used to section glycol methacrylate embedded materials | show 🗑
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| show | microtome knives
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| made from high-grade tempered steel and are wedge-shaped, biconcave or planoconcave | show 🗑
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| used for paraffin, carbowax, and frozen sections | show 🗑
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| show | planoconcave knife
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| show | the wet celloidin method
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| planoconcave knife can be used for this method | show 🗑
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| show | bioconcave knife
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| show | bioconcave knife
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| show | bioconcave knife
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| show | microtome knife
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| 27 to 32 | show 🗑
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| show | mictrome knife
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| are stainless steel razor blades that are held secure in a holder on the microtome | show 🗑
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| used to cut ultrathin sections for EM | show 🗑
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| show | disposables blades and glass knifes
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| show | disposable blades
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| knife tilt | show 🗑
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| when cutting sections, angle should be 3 to 8 | show 🗑
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| should be determined with each knife | show 🗑
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| c/b corrected by adjusting the knife so that the correct clearance angle between knife and specimen is obtained | show 🗑
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| horizontal edges of block are not parallel | show 🗑
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| show | holes in sections
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| show | block facing
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| when holes appear in ribbons, an there is sufficient tissue in block, | show 🗑
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| dull knife | show 🗑
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| show | ribbon formation
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| caused by dull knife or too little knife tilt | show 🗑
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| warm room or paraffin to soft | show 🗑
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| show | washboarding or undulations
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| occurs when a block or knife has not been tightly clamped | show 🗑
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| show | washboarding or undulations
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| show | chatter, microscopic vibration appear in sections
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| treating faced block for a few sections with wet cotton, or dip thumb in flotation bath and rugh the block | show 🗑
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| show | microscopic chatter
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| too little knife tilt | show 🗑
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| dull knife or gummed w/paraffin | show 🗑
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| too little knife tilt, too rapid cutting or too warm room | show 🗑
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| keep free of paraffin by wipping up w/a gause damped w/xylene (nerver wipe down | show 🗑
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| show | lenghtwise scratches or splits in ribbons
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| static electricity, add moisture to air by breating on block and knife or boil water in open pan near microtome. | show 🗑
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| show | cryostat
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| show | cryostat
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| show | cryostat
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| show | cryostat
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| show | cryostat
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| show | wedge-shaped knife
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| operated at -20c | show 🗑
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| show | ice crystals
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| are seen as artifacts | show 🗑
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| show | two types of processors
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| tissue is transported from one solution to the next | show 🗑
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| tissue is stationary and fluids are pumped in and out of the chamber | show 🗑
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| show | closed processors
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| major advantage is that specimen cannot dry out w/i the chamber | show 🗑
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| show | closed processors
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| mercury, dichromate containing fixatives and chloroform, cant b/used on this processor | show 🗑
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| heat and vacumm | show 🗑
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| show | heat and vacumm
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| use carefully on bx specimens | show 🗑
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| m/b kept clean and a routine reagent rotation | show 🗑
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| show | processors
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| show | processors
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| show | processors
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| show | flotation baths
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| show | flotation baths
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| show | flotation baths
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| show | albumin
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| gellatin, agar and elmers glue | show 🗑
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| poly-L lysine-coated slides | show 🗑
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| postive charged attracts frozen and paraffin tissue sections elctrostatically | show 🗑
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| show | positive charged slides
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| background staining is eliminated and section loss w/staining procedures is reduced | show 🗑
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| fairly expensive and not recommended for routine work | show 🗑
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| dissolve 1g of gelatin in 1L of distilled water w/heat. cool and add.1g of cromium potassium sulfate, store in fridge. | show 🗑
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| show | it should be dried in the oven, hot air dryer or warming plate
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| slides are dried to | show 🗑
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| white spots that can be seen in tissue when slides are removed from xylene | show 🗑
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| show | dryers and ovens
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| show | ovens
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| show | incubators
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| show | incubators
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| show | freezers and refrigeratos
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| show | The refrigerator
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| -20C | show 🗑
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| for IHC surface markers of lymphoid tissue or estrogen/progesterone receptor the freezer should be at what temp | show 🗑
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| show | microwave ovens
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| show | heat generated by microwave
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| show | automatic stainers found in histo
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| transfer slides from one container to the next w/t same time allowed in each container | show 🗑
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| show | linear stainer
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| operate on the same prinicple as open tissue processor | show 🗑
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| show | robotic stainers
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| show | robotic stainers
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| vary in slide capacity but slides may be continously loaded | show 🗑
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| are batch stainers, one batch of slides m/b finisher before the next one is started | show 🗑
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| used to measure acidity. | show 🗑
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| scale goes from 0 to 14 | show 🗑
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| defined as netgative power to which the number 10 m/b raised to express the moles per liter concentration of solutions hydrogen ions | show 🗑
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| has melted paraffin w/warm storage for embedding molds, small warming and chilling plates, and larger chiller plate for rapid chilling of embedded tissue blocks | show 🗑
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| show | embedding center
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Created by:
nperez
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