Bone tumors
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| Endochondroma | Cartilaginous neoplasm in intermedullary bone | Distal extremities (hands and feet) | no special age |
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| Osteoblastoma | Similar to osteoid osteoma (interlacing traveculae of woven bone surrounded by OB but larger | vertebral column | None |
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| Osteoid osteoma | Interlacing traveulae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts (proliferation of osteoid and fibrous tissue) | Near end of diaphysis of the femur or tibia | Males under <25 |
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| Osteoma | Dense bone maturation (new piece of bone grows on another piece | Skull/facial bones; often protrudes into paranasal sinus | Males of any age |
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| Osteosarcoma (name predisposing factors) | osteoid and bone-producing neoplasm; Codman's triangle, sunburst pattern, increase ALP | Distal femur, metaphysis of long bones, proximal tibial region (knee) | Males 10-20 | Predisposing factors: Paget's, bone infarcts, radiation, familial retinoblastoma; early hematogenous spread to liver, lungs, brain
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| Ewing's sarcoma | Anaplastic "small blue cell" tumor. Onion skin appearance in bone. | Diaphysis oflong bones, pelvis, scapula, ribs | Males < 15 | translocation 11;22;responsive to chemo but aggressive with early mets; in early stages may look like acute osteomyelitis
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| Chondrosarcoma | cartilaginous tumor. Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity | pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, femur | Males 30-60 | May have come from an osteochondroma
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| Osteochondroma (aka ___) | Exostosis. Cartilage-capped projection from under periosteum | Long metaphysis: distal femer, proximal tibia (knee) | Male <25 years old | Most common benign tumor; rarerly turns into a chondrosarcoma
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| Giant cell tumor (aka _____) | osteoclastoma. locally aggressive tumor with spindle-shaped cells with multi-nucleated gian cells; soap bubbles, double bubble appearance on X-ray | Epiphyses of long bones (knee is common) | Females 20-40 |
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