endodontics
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| endodontia | (within the tooth) the branch on dentistry concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the dental pulp and its surrounding
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| periradicular | around the root
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| pulpitis | inflaned pulpal condition
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| necrotic | dead; non-vital
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| objective signs | conditions observed by someone other than the patient
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| hyperextension | (over movement) a condition in which the tooth arises out of the socket
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| putrefaction | (decaying animal matter) an unpleasant odor
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| subjective symptoms | conditions as described by the patient
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| hypersensitivity | over sensitive or abnormal reaction to stumulus
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| pulpalgia | inner tooth pain
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| palpation | application of finger pressure to body tissues, including gingiva
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| percussion | (tapping of body tissue, tooth) usually done by tapping a dental mirror handle on an affected tooth and comparing the sensation to tapping on a healthy tooth
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| mobility | (capable of movement) movement of a tooth in its socket during outside force or application of pressure
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| transillumination | (passage of light through object/tissue) a light refraction test to reveal fractured tooth tissue
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| thermal | (pertaining to temp) pulp sensitivity test with reaction to application of hear and/or cold to tooth surface
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| anesthesia | numbing the specific root or nerve ending to dissipate pain
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| direct dentin stimulation | scratching the exposed dentin with an explorer; the presence of pain indicates inflamed or irritated pulp tissue
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| electric pulp testing | applying an electrical current on the enamel surface of the tooth to register the tooth's pulpal sensitivity and presence of irritability
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| radiograph | x-ray examination and other technology such as digital radiometric analysis
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| periodontitis | (around; tooth) a sharp, painful inflammation of tissues around an affected tooth
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| abscess | (local pus infection) an infection that may be an acute or chronic apical abcess
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| suppurative | producing, or generating pus
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| pericementitis | (around; cementuis) inflammation and necrosis of alveoli of the tooth
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| cyst | abnormal, closely walled fluid or exudates-filled sac in or around periapical tissues
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| cellulitis | inflammation of cellular or connective tissue
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| osteomyelitis | an inflammation of the bone and bone marrow, usually cause by bacterial infection
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| pulpotomy | partial excision of the dental pulp
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| pulpectomy | surgical removal of pulp from the tooth, also known as root canal treatment
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| apicoectomy | surgical amputation of a root apex
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| anesthesia | local injection to relieve pain occurring during the procedure
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| isolation | of the operative area; accomplished to provide saftey and to assure an aseptic site
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| aseptic | without disease
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| extirpation | (to root out) removing the pulpal tissue after the pulpal opening
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| debridement | (removal of foreign or decayed matter) removing necrotic pulpal tissue and cleaning out the area
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| irrigation and cleansing | using chemicals and instruments to remove tissue dust and material matter from the pulp and pulp canals
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| obturation | (to close or stop up) filling and closing the canal area.
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| retrograde | (backward step)process of filling the canal begining from the apex of the tooth to the pulp
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| restoration | returning the tooth to normal function and purpose
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| dental dam material | thin sheet of latex or non-latex rubber, that varies in thickness, color and size
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| dental dam frame | device used to hold material in place; may be metal or plastic, rigid or adjustable
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| dental dam punch | device used to place selected holes in the dam material for isolating a tooth or teeth
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| dental dam forceps | hand device used to transport and place clamps or retainers around the selected tooth
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| rubber dam stamp and pad | marking stamper and pad devices used to indicate alignment spots for puncturing the material with the punch
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| dental dam clamp | retaining device used to hold the material around the tooth; may be metal or resin and vary in size, shape, and style
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| dental dam ligature | material used to hold and secure the dam material in the mouth; can be dental floss, latex stabilizing cord, or a small piece of dental dam
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| luer-loc syringe | a barrel-type syringe with piston force plunger, used to inject fluids into the cavity
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| gutta-percha points | tapered points made of a thermoplastic compound; similar in size to silver points, or endodontic instruments, and used to fill the root canal
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| silver points | tapered silver points comparable in size to files and reamers; used to fill canals
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| cement pastes and fillers | zinc oxide and eugenol mixes and commercial materials; used to cement points in canal
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| chemicals | chemical action used in conjunction with operator treatment
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| biomechanical action | result from a chemical action
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| chelator | (chemical ion softener) used to soften tissues
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| desiccant | (dry up, remove) methanol or ethanol alcohol, used to dry the area or clear away other chemical traces
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| medicament | (medicine or remedy) used for antimicrobial action, to prevent pain, and to neutralize the pulpal area
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| curettage | (scraping of cavity) scraping of the apical area; may be necessary to remove necrotic tissue
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| apicoetomy | a procedure that may be necessary to remove the root apex, particularly where there is a radicular cyst involvement of the affected tooth
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| root amputation | (surgical removal of body part, root) separating and removing molar roots of an affected tooth at the junction into the crown
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| root hemisection | (cutting tissue or organ in half) surgical division of a multi-rooted tooth that may be performed in a lengthwise manner
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| bicuspidization | surgical division of a tooth retaining both sides
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| traumatized | (wounded) teeth with cariety of pulp injuries
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| luxation | (dislocation) tooth movement that may be classified in four ways
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| concussion | (shaken violently) tooth loosened as a result of a blow; usually recovery occurs with minimal attention
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| subluxation | (under displacement) tooth partially dislocated; may evidence bleeding but require only minor attention
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| lateral luxation | tooth may be partially displaced with the root apex tilted forward
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| extruded luxation | (pushed out of normal position) tooth may be forced partially out of its socket
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| avulsion replantation | (forced or torn away) teeth that have been accidentally lost
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| fracture | breakage; may be a broken cusp, broken crown, broken root, or split tooth
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| replantation | replacing an avulsed tooth in its tooth socket
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| transplantation | (across, plant) transfer of a tooth from one alveolar socket to another
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| autogenous | (self origin) moving a tooth from one position in the oral cavity to another area in the same cavity
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| homogeneous | (same origin) transferring and inserting a tooth from one patient to another
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| heterogenous | (other origin) transfer from one species to another
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| implantation | (into place) placing titanium metal extensions into the tooth root
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