*Luksa Review 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of craps and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
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Crop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
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Vegetative planting | Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.
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Seed agriculture | Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.
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Subsistence agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family.
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Commercial agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
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Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
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Shifting cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
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Slash-and-burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
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Swidden | A patch of land cleared for planting though slashing and burning.
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Pastoral nomadism | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
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Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
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Intensive subsistence agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
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Wet rice | Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
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Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
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Sawah | A flooded field for growing rice.
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Double cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
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Crop rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
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Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
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Grain | Seed of a cereal grass.
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Winter wheat | Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer.
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Spring wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
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Reaper | A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
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Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.
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Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
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Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
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Truck farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because a truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.
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Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
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Sustainable agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.
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Green revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
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Break of bulk point | A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.
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Industrial revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
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Maquiladora | Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.
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Right-to-work state | A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.
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Site factors | Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital.
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Situation factors | Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.
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Textile | A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing.
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