Microbio
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| Capsulated organisms work by ____ | Evade phagocytes. "Some Nasties Have Kapsules" Streptococcal pneumoniae, Neisseria, Hemophilus, Klebisella
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| Protein A produced by _____. | S. aureus. Binds to Fc region of Ig, disrupting opsonization and phagocytosis.
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| IgA protease | Enzyme that cleaves IgA.
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| What organisms secrete IgA protease? | S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Neisseria
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| M protein. Secreted by ___. | Helps to prevent phagocytosis. Is secreted by streptococcal species.
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| Exotoxin made from ___, Endotoxin made from ____. | Exotoxin= polypeptide, Endotoxin =LPS
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| Location of genes for exotoxin, endotoxin | Exotoxin=plasmid, bacteriophage, Endotoxin= bacterial chromosome
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| ____ has vaccine available only | exotoxin
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| Typical diseases with exotoxin | Tetanus, botulinism, diptheria
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| Typical diseases with endotoxin | Meningococcemia, sepsis by gram negative bacteria
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| Superantigens bind directly to ___ and ___. This activates ___ to release ___ and ___ | Superantigens bind directly to MHC II and T-cell receptor simultaneously, activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN-gamma and IL-2.
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| Two bugs with superantigen toxins | S. Aureus, S. pyogenes
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| Superantigen of S. aureus is called ____ and produces ___ with the symptoms of ____,____, ___. | TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome) (fever, rash, shock)
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| S. aureus also produces enterotoxins that cause ___ and ____. | Food poisoning and exfoliatin (scalded skin syndrome)
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| Superantigen of S. aureus is called ____ and produces ___ with the symptoms of ____,____, ___. | TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome) (fever, rash, shock)
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| S. aureus also produces enterotoxins that cause ___ and ____. | Food poisoning and exfoliatin (scalded skin syndrome)
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| Superantigen of S. aureus is called ____ and produces ___ with the symptoms of ____,____, ___. | TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome) (fever, rash, shock)
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| S. aureus also produces enterotoxins that cause ___ and ____. | Food poisoning and exfoliatin (scalded skin syndrome)
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| S. pyogenes produces a ____ exotoxin. This toxin is called ____ and produces ___. | Scarlet fever-erythrogenic toxin; causes toxic shock syndrome)
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| ADP ribosylating A-B toxins work by ____. B functions by ___. A functions by ____. | Interfere with host cell function. B= binds to receptor on surface of host cell, enabling endocytosis. A (active) then attaches an ADP-ribosyl to a host cell protein, altering protein function.
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| 3 bugs that use ADP ribosylating A-B toxins are ____,____, ____, ____. | Corynebacterium diptheriae, Vibrio cholerae, E. Coli, Bordetella pertussis.
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| C. diptheriae produces an ___ type of exotoxin. It works by ___. It produces ____. | C. diptheriae produces an ADP-ribosylating A-B toxin. It works by inactivating (EF-2). It causes pharyngitis and "pseudomembrane" in throat.
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| Pseudomonas Exotoxin is similar to ____ | C. diptheriae
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| V. cholerae produces an ___ type of exotoxin. It works by ____. Produces ____. | ADP-ribosylating AB toxin. It works by ADP ribosylating a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase; this increases the Cl into the gut and decreases Na absorption. H20 moves into the gut and causes volumninous rice water diarrhea.
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| E. coli produces an ___ type of exotoxin. It works by ____. Produces ____. | Heat labile = stimulates adenylate cyclase. Heat stable = stimulates guanylate cyclase. ADP-ribosylating AB toxin. Both cause watery diarrhea. "Labile like the Air, stable like the Ground".
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| Bordatella pertussis produces an ____ type of exotoxin. It works by ____. Produces ___. | ADP-ribosylating toxin. It works by increasing cAMP by inhibiting Gi. Causes whooping caugh, inhibits chemokine receptor, causing lymphocytosis.
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| Clostridium perfringens produces an ___ type of exotoxin. | Alpha toxin. Causes gas gangrene. Get double zone of hemolysis on blood agar.
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| C. tetani produces an ___ type of exotoxin. it works by ___ and produces ____. | Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine); causes lockjaw.
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| C. Botulinum produces an ___ type of exotoxin. it works by ___ and produces ____. | Blocks acetylcholine; causes anticholinergic symptoms, CNS paralysis, especially cranial nerves. (Spores found in food = floppy baby)
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| Bacillus anthracis produces an ___ type of exotoxin. it works by ___ and produces ____. | Edema factor type of adenylate cyclase
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| Shigella produces an ___ type of exotoxin. it works by ___ and produces ____. | Shiga toxin (also produced by ETEC). Cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60s); also enhances cytokine release. Causes HUS.
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| S. Pyogenes produces produces an ___ type of exotoxin. it works by ___ and produces ____. | Streptolysin O is a hemolysin. antigen for ASO antibody which is used in diagnosis of rheumatic fever
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| What four bacteria induce cAMP | V. cholerae, B. anthracis, E. coli (Heat labile), B. Pertussis
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| V. cholerae increases cAMP by ___. | By activating Gs
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| B. pertussis increases cAMP by ____. Pertussis also promotes ___ by inhibitng ___ | By inactivating Gi (allowing cAMP to increase). Pertussis also promotes lymphocytosis by inhibiting chemokine receptors.
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| Genes for the following 5 bacterial toxins encoded by a lysogenic phage | ABCDE. ShigA-like toxin, Botulinum toxin, Cholera toxin, Diptheria toxin, Erythorgenic toxin of S. pyogenes
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| What are organisms get resistance via transformation? | S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Neisseria (Same as the ones that have the IgA)"Engineers get NHS grants and do major transformations"
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| Lysogenic acquired toxins | OBED (O- salmonella, Botulinum, erythrogenic toxin, Diptheria)
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| Toxin is derived from a plasmid | Tetanus
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