Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas, Age of Exploration & Discovery, Explora...
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| Vikings | The first explorers
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| Leif Erikson | The main explorer for the vikings
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| Ferdinand Magellan (circumnavigation) | First to go around the world
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| Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama | Portugal explorers. Found the Indies
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| Christopher Columbus | 1451-1506/Born in Geneva. Tries to find Western route to Indies but finds America. Brings back gold and natives. Led voyage of Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria in 1492/4 Trans-Atlantic trips
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| King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I | King & Queen of Spain. They give Columbus permission to sail to find the Indies. Gave provisions and boats to Columbus
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| King John II | King of Portugal. Met with Columbus - asked to fund Columbus' mission and said no/detained Columbus when he came back from exploration for aiding enemies of Portugal
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| Amerigo Vespucci | Sailed for Spain and Portugal. Knew Columbus was wrong in that he discovered the New World and not the Indies. First one to call America a New World.
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| Giovanni da Verrazzano | French explorer/Discovered the New York harbor and helped establish the New France/1524 explore east coast of North America/France claim for land in the world"New France"
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| Vazquez de Coronado | Explorer. Discovered the Grand Canyon & explored the South West of America/Looking for Cities of Gold
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| Hernando de Soto | Spanish Explorer/1538 expedition to explore the Southern US/Discovered the Mississippi River in 1541
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| Ponce de Leon | Spanish Explorer/Explores West Indies 1513 - Discovered Florida
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| Jacques Cartier | French explorer/Expedition to find Northwest passage/Finds St Lawrence River/Finds Quebec and Montreal but no colony set up bc too cold/Searched for gold and diamonds and didn't find any
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| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer/Established first small colony in Quebec/fur trading and economic relations with natives/explore interior of Canada - trading posts
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| Henry Hudson | English explorer/Looks for NW passage to Indies/Finds Hudson River/Dutch let him seek NW passage
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| John Cabot | Late 1400s came up with idea of sailing West to Indies w/o Columbus/1497 - Discovery new found land Canada but thought he was in Asia/Importance was that the English finds short route across the Atlantic
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| Sir Humphrey Gilbert | Also looking for new passage. No colony?
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| Queen Elizabeth I | Queen of England. She tells Sir Walter Raleigh to find a new colony/Virginia was named after her
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| King James I | King of Scotland and Stewart King of England /Chartered Jamestown colony
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| Sir Walter Raleigh | English Explorer/Queen Elizabeth tells him to find a colony/didn't find anything?
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| Sir Richard Grenville | Started the colony Roanoke Island and returns to England for supplies Then in 1586 returns and no inhabitants remained.
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| Virginia Dare | First person born in the English Colonies
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| Powhatans | Natives that were in the New World before the English/In Jamestown, Virginia the colonists had good relations with them with some violence/then in 1609 they stopped assisting English and wanted them to starve.
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| John Smith | Came to New World and the Jamestown, Virginia colony was more successful and was focused on the Powhatan Indians trade and survival/said"those that do not work shall not eat"/The chief Powhatan took him to put hi to death
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| Pocahontas | Saves John Smith from the Chief Powhatan by throwing her body of him to protect him/Marries John Rolfe
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| John Rolfe | Marries Pocahontas which caused peace between the Powhatans and the English.
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| Pilgrims/Separatists | From the Church of England in 1600 the Separatists were banned in England. They believe England is to close to Roman Catholic - they wanted a pure church and it was very Protestant/Calvinist- they were an anti-anglican church & called themselves saints
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| Governor William Bradford | Main leader for the Separatists
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| Wampanoags | Indian tribes in Provincetown, Massachusetts/stole corn
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| Squanto |
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| Massasoit |
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| 1000 | Leif Erikson "discovers" New Foundland/L'Anse aux Meadows
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| 1492 | Columbus "discovers" New World (actually San Salvador Island in Bahamas)
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| 1494 | Treaty of Tordesillas
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| 1541 | "Discovery" of the Mississippi River
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| 1565 | Settlement of St. Augustine Founded
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| 1585 | Roanoke Island colony founded
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| 1607 | Jamestown colony founded
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| 1610 | Settlement of Santa Fe founded
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| 1620 | lands of Provincetown, Massachsetts
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| 1620 | Plymouth Colony founded
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| 1624 | New Amsterdam founded
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| 1624 | Virginia becomes an English royal colony
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| Pangea and plate tectonics |
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| Bering Land Bridge/ Beringia theory |
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| Pacific coastal route theory |
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| Connection between sea levels and climate/ice ages |
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| L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland |
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| Clovis, New Mexico |
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| Monte Verde, Chile |
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| Scandinavia |
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| Portugal | Turned down Columbus/Led by King John II/Detained Columbus for aiding enemies of this country
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| Spain | Funded Columbus/Led by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand II/
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| Brazil |
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| Netherlands/Holland | Pilgrims were persecuted ind England and they fled here but generally had bad jobs
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| Cape Horn (South America) |
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| Cape of Good Hope (Africa) |
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| East Indies | French
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| Bahamas and Hispaniola |
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| Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494?/Pope Alexander IV/Settled territories for Spain and Portugal
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| New Spain |
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| Columbian Exchange | Millions of years ago-1 continent then they drifted apart/diff species of animals&plants develop&evolved on diff continents/process reverses itself w/Columbus & transatlantic exploration & settlement/led to huge popul growth/environmental damage/disease
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| St. Augustine, Florida | Ponce de Leon?/1565 - Oldest permanent settlement in US/Formed by Pedro/Trying to stop French settlement
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| Fountain of Youth | Miracle Spring/Ponce de Leon?
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| Mississippi River | Discovered in 1541 by Hernando de Soto
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| Spanish missions | Civilize and Christianize the natives/1st mission was near San Angelo in 1623/Many others developed later - including the Alamo in San Antonio, Austin
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| Sante Fe, New Mexico | 1598 - Capital of Spanish New Mexico/Franciscan monk - converted natives to Christianity/Is the oldest permanent settlement West of Mississippi River
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| Dutch West India Company | Dutch Netherlands? - looking for western route to Indies - not interested in colonies but economic ties/Explored NYC area - great natural harbor for an economic center
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| New York Harbor and New Amsterdam | in 1624 - an economic colony for New Amsterdam bought from Manhattan Indians for $24/expands land holdings and make wars with natives.
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| New France | Frances claim for land in the New World
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| St. Lawrence River | Jacques Cartier found
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| Quebec | Jacques Cartier found but no colony set up bc too cold/Then De Champlain comes in 1608 and established a colony there.
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| Fur trading | economic relations with natives
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| Northwest Passage | English explorer Henry Hudson looking for this/Dutch let him seek this
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| Hudson Bay and Hudson River | NYC area/English explorer Henry Hudson found this while looking for NW Passage to Indies/Asia
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| Virginia Company of London | 1606 - 1607 new english colony in Jamestown, VA under this company which was a private investment corporation interested in gold & silver & a western route to Indies.
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| Virginia | Named after Queen Elizabeth I/First Permanent Colony in US/Tobacco grew well in this state
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| Roanoke Island colony | 1st English Colony in US 1585/Northside of island they built a fort/Grew tobacco&potatoes/had natives that appeared friendly/Greenville started colony-returns to England f/supplies- comes back in 1586 & no inhabitants remained/carved into a tree croatoan
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| Jamestown colony and James River | 1st Permanent English Colony/Under a new charter under the Virginia Company of London/Priorities were gold & silver & Western Route to Indies & to create a permanent colony/105 origianal colonists/established settlement at mouth of James River
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| Tobacco | Grown by English settlers/made them money/grew well in Virginia/"gold" imported back to England
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| Virginia Company of Plymouth | Corporation chartered by Queen Elizabeth I/Make money & create colonies for England/between 34th parallel N & 41st parallel N/joint stock corporation so people can buy shares
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| Popham colony | 1097 - Virginia Company/Looking for more northern settlement/Beyond border of Virginia/Abandoned after the first winter
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| Cape Cod/Provincetown, Massachusetts | Pilgrims initially arrived here first on November 11, 1620/problem for them bc it was at 42 degrees N which was outside of Virginia Company territory so they would have to establish their own rules for governance here
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| Plymouth colony | Pilgrims/Separatist landed in the New World for freedom of religion & to live as Englishmen
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| Mayflower Compact | governing doctrine for Pilgrims/First purpose - order & preserve life, second - just and equal laws/For the general good must agree to obey these laws
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| Thanksgiving |
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