Fixation
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| destruction/digestion of tissue and cells by enzymes | show 🗑
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| stabilize proteins | show 🗑
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| substance/structure not normally present, produced by some external action | show 🗑
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| show | pigment
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| are primarily acetone and ethyl/methyl alcohol (flammables) | show 🗑
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| show | coagulation
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| show | additive fixative
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| solution that causes cells to swell | show 🗑
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| fluids into which normal animal cells can be placed w/o causing swelling or shrinkage of cells | show 🗑
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| show | coagulating fixatives
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| show | noncoagulant fixatives
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| do not allow good penetration by reagents | show 🗑
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| Alcohol, zinc salts, mercuric chloride, chromium trioxide and picric acid | show 🗑
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| stabilize and denature proteins | show 🗑
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| show | common additive reagents
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| act on tissue w/o combining with it | show 🗑
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| alters tissue stabilize proteins, so that its resistant to further change | show 🗑
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| kill the tissue so that postmortem activities of decay, putrefaction and autolysis is prevented | show 🗑
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| show | Function of fixative
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| will fail to stain | show 🗑
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| must change solube contents of a cell into insoluble so that those substances are not lost during processing | show 🗑
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| causes proteins to be less capable of maintaining an intimate relationship w/water and become more reactive, but fixative molecule doesnot combine w/t protein | show 🗑
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| show | Action of fixatives
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| show | Action of fixative
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| show | Action of fixative
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| Physical and Chemical | show 🗑
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| show | Physical
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| Microwave - heat tissue in saline | show 🗑
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| show | Disadvantage of heat method
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| show | Advantages of heat method
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| show | Dessication
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| Air Drying, Basic use: peripheral blood smears, Wright staining most frequent use for this method | show 🗑
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| show | Dessication
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| show | Chemical fixation
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| show | Reagents can be classified as
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| show | Fixation factors
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| Temperature, Size of tissue, Volume ration | show 🗑
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| increased temp causes increased autolysis and increased diffusion of cellular elements | show 🗑
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| show | Factors influencing fixation
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| show | Fixative volume
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| show | Time
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| show | lamina propria
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| Penetration, tissue storage, pH, osmolality | show 🗑
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| show | Osmolality
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| Begins at Periphery of tissue and proceeds inward | show 🗑
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| achieve their full effect on tissue at any particular depth as soon as they have penetrated to that depth at a concentration sufficient to cause coagulation | show 🗑
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| show | Rate of penetration
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| Penetrates faster than any of the common fixatives ingridients | show 🗑
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| Stored wet | show 🗑
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| tissue may remain in this solution indefinitely | show 🗑
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| show | Alkali (base)
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| Solutions with a pH value below 7.0 are | show 🗑
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| Solutions with a pH value of 7.0 are | show 🗑
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| is not important in light microscopy but is for electon microscopy | show 🗑
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| Fixatives used for EM need to be at a physiological | show 🗑
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| most fixatives pH range between | show 🗑
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| show | 4.0
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| show | Body fluids
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| show | Cell membrane
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| show | Water
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| Water leaves the cell and the cell shrinks | show 🗑
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| The cell swells possibly rupturing its membrane (cell cytosol) | show 🗑
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| physiological or normal | show 🗑
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| Additive vx nonadditive, coagulant vx noncoagulant, aqueous vx nonaqeuous | show 🗑
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| show | additive fixatives
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| show | additive fixatives
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| do not combine with protein | show 🗑
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| show | nonadditive fixatives
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| show | nonadditve fixatives
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| show | additive
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| show | additive
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| show | additive
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| show | additive
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| gluteraldehyde | show 🗑
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| osmium tetroxide | show 🗑
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| show | additive
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| zinc chloride | show 🗑
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| show | nonadditive
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| show | nonadditive
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| acetone | show 🗑
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| transformation of a liquid or a solid into a semi-solid or solid mass | show 🗑
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| show | coagulant fixative
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| establishes a network in the tissue that allows solutions to readily penetrate or enter most freely | show 🗑
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| act by creating a gel that makes penetration by a subsequent solution difficult | show 🗑
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| show | noncoagulant fixative
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| Alcohol | show 🗑
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| zinc salts | show 🗑
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| mercuric chloride | show 🗑
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| chromium trioxide | show 🗑
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| show | coagulant
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| Formaldehyde | show 🗑
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| show | noncoagulant
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| show | noncoagulant
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| potassium dichromate | show 🗑
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| show | noncoagulant
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| Water based | show 🗑
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| show | Aqueous fixatives
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| show | Aqueous fixative
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| acetic acid | show 🗑
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| show | Aqueous fixative
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| show | Formaldehyde
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| show | Formaldehyde
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| used interchangeably | show 🗑
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| 37-40% and are considered 100%formalin | show 🗑
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| show | Formalin fixation
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| Formalin | show 🗑
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| it reacts primarily with the amino groups on the amino acids of proteins to form bonds which cross link protein chains together | show 🗑
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| nonacuagulating fixative forming a gel which makes the proteins insoluble and keeps them in place and are able to with stand further processing | show 🗑
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| show | Formaldehyde
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| It is hypertonic it is not osmotaically active | show 🗑
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| preserves morphological detail so that tissue is life-like | show 🗑
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| penetrates tissue rapidly | show 🗑
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| Fixes tissue slowly up to 7days | show 🗑
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| cross linking proteins because it is an additve fixative | show 🗑
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| show | Formaldehyde
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| show | Formaldehyde
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| hardens tissue more than other fixatives except ethanol and acetone | show 🗑
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| can be used as a simple aqueous solution or w/ addition of sodium chloride to achieve the correct osmolality | show 🗑
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| Buffers are added to maintain neutrality (pH of 6.8)and to prevent pigments/percipitates from forming | show 🗑
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| show | Acetic acid
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| show | Acetic acid
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| Diluted is known as vinegar and is used in pickling | show 🗑
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| show | Acetic acid
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| it doesnt fix lipids or carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| show | Acetic acid
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| Hypertonic effect on cells | show 🗑
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| coagulant fixative | show 🗑
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| show | Picric acid
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| gives tissue a soft consistency | show 🗑
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| Causes extreme shrinkage | show 🗑
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| show | Picric acid
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| show | Picric acid
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| show | Picric acid
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| Toxic and explosive | show 🗑
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| show | Compound or combined fixatives
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| hypertonic/hypotonic balance | show 🗑
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| show | B-5 fixative
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| used to fix hematopoietic and lymphoreticular tissues | show 🗑
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| gives beautiful nuclear detail | show 🗑
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| show | B-5 fixative
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| store wet tissue in 70% alcohol | show 🗑
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| show | B-5 fixative
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| show | Bouin solution
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| Good for nuclear preservation | show 🗑
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| Used for gastrointestinal and endocrine bx | show 🗑
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| show | Bouin solution
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| Wash in 50-70% alcohol to remove yellow color of fixative | show 🗑
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| show | Bouin solution
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| NO water | show 🗑
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| coagulating, nonadditve fixative | show 🗑
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| are used only when the desired tissue components are destroyed or dissolved by aqueous fixatives | show 🗑
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| show | nonaqueous fixatives
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| shrink tissue | show 🗑
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| show | nonaqeuous fixatives
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| show | nonaqueous fixatives
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| used for enzyme studies especially acid and alkaline phosphatase | show 🗑
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| show | Acetone
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| frequently used on frozen sections used for cell surface antigens by IHC | show 🗑
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| Touch preps and blood smears | show 🗑
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| show | Ethyl alcohol
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| preserves pigments, dissolves fat, overhardens and shrinks tissue | show 🗑
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| show | Pigments
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| show | Artifact pigments
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| black acid hematain pigment | show 🗑
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| brown crystalline pigments forms in tissue rich in blood when the pH is below 6.0 | show 🗑
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| it is removed by treating slides with a solution of alcohol saturated w/picric acid or 70% alcohol w/ammonium hydroxide | show 🗑
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| show | Formalin pigment
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| found w/mercury containing fixatives (B-5) were not removed prior to processing | show 🗑
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| red in color | show 🗑
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| Treat w/Gram's or Lugol's iodine followed by sodium thiosulfate | show 🗑
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| show | cells that react w/fixatives
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| Dna, Rna and attached proteins are found in the | show 🗑
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| acetic and carnoy solution | show 🗑
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| produces nuclear bubbling where nuclei show coalescence of the chromatin into strands with clear spaces | show 🗑
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| show | Proteins
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| show | Primary protein structures
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| is determined by hydrogen bonding between the amino acids | show 🗑
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| show | tertiary protein structures
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| Many fixatives preserves lipids but only two fix them, so that they are not lost in subsequent processing | show 🗑
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| show | Osmium tetroxide and chromic acid
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| show | Carbohydrates
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| the storage form of glucose | show 🗑
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| glycogen the storage form of glucose is thought to be retained by entrapment of fixed proteins | show 🗑
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| show | specimen must be frozen w/o fixation
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| show | Immunohistochemistry T and B cell markers for dx of lymphomas
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| show | choice of fixatives
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| for a trichrome fix in | show 🗑
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| for chromaffin granules found in cells of the adrenal gland fix in | show 🗑
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| for urate crystrals fix in | show 🗑
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| when muscle cross-striations are to be stained with PTAH use | show 🗑
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| cells shrink by releasing fluid | show 🗑
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| show | Formalin pigments
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| show | Paraformaldehyde
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| strong tendency to polymerize to dimers and trimers | show 🗑
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| glutaraldehyde (most used in em) and osmium tetroxide | show 🗑
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| Zenker | show 🗑
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| show | pheochromocytomas
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| require nonaqeous fixated absolute alcohol | show 🗑
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| Frozen w/o fixation | show 🗑
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| show | tissue for trichrome (muscle)
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| frozen w/o fixation | show 🗑
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| frozen sectioned and briefly fixed in acetone | show 🗑
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| a cell is a solution that is more concentrated than the cell cytosol | show 🗑
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| NH2 | show 🗑
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| show | Carboxyl group
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| Chromium, mercury and osmiums | show 🗑
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| are cations that combine with anion group of proteins | show 🗑
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| show | cations
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| negatively charged | show 🗑
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| sulfhydryl, carboxyl and phosphoric | show 🗑
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| -Sh | show 🗑
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| -PO4 | show 🗑
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| show | water
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| show | glacial acetic acid
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| show | aqueous
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| B-5, Bouin, Gendre, Hollande, Zenker/helly, Orth, Zamboni, Zinc formalin | show 🗑
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Created by:
nperez
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