OS Chap 10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| active partition | The primary partition on the drive that boots the OS. On windows it's called the system partition.
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| active recovery image | On windows 8, its the image windows will revert to when the "refresh" option of windows install is performed.
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| backup and restore | On windows 7, it's a utility used to create scheduled backups of the user's data and update the system image.
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| basic disk | It's what windows calls the hard drive if it's the only one in the system
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| boot partition | The hard drive partition where the OS is stored.
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| bootMgr | The program responsible for loading windows itself
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| cd (Change directory) | the command to change the default directory
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| CDFS (Compact Disk File System) | The 32 bit file system for CD discs
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| chkdsk (Check Disk) | A windows program that checks for bad sectors on a hard drive that could corrupt it.
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| cluster | On or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on the drive for storing data.
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| Complete PC Backup | A program for vista that can make a backup of the entire volume that vista is installed and other volumes as well. (Vista version of System Image)
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| copy | The windows command to copy files or entire folders to other locations
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| custom refresh image | A copy of the entire windows 8 volume and installation. It can be installed during a refresh option of installation
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| defrag | The windows command that finds fragmented parts of a file and rewrites the hard drive to put them together
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| defragment | The process that actually rewrites those files into one continuous part
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| del | The windows command to delete files or entire folders
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| dir | The windows command to list files and folders in a directory
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| Disk Cleanup | A windows utility that deletes temp files to free up space
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| dynamic disk | A way to partition one or more hard drives so that they can store data together as one large drive, or the same data for fault tolerance
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| dynamic volume | A volume that takes up space on multiple hard drives
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| EFI System Partition (ESP) | The original version of UEFI made by intel
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| elevated command prompt window | A command prompt window that allows commands that need administrator rights
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| erase | The same as del, Erases files or folders
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| expand | The command that extracts files from compressed folders
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| extended partition | The only partition on the drive that can contain more than one logical drive
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| FAT (File allocation table) | A table of data that tracks the clusters used to contain a file
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| file allocation unit | A number of a hard drive disk's sectors that are treated as a unit
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| file history | A utility that makes routine backups of files that is also backwards compatible with windows 7
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| formatting | To erase any old data and prepare the device for a specific file system
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| fragmented file | A file that is written to many different segments of a hard drive so it's not contiguous
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| Globally Unique Identifier partition table (GUID or GPT) | One of two methods used to organize partitions on a hard drive
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| hardware RAID | One of two ways to implement RAID. Hardware raid is more reliable and is configured through ufei on the motherboard or raid card
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| help | The windows command to get help about another command
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| high-level formatting | A process done by the windows formatting program. Creates the boot record, file system, and root directory on a hard drive volume
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| initialization files | Text files that contain hardware and software configuration
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| logical drive | Part of a MBR based hard drive that is treated as a separate drive with its own letter and has a file system
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| low-level formatting | A process done at the factory that electronically creates the tracks and sectors, and tests for bad spots on the surface
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| Master boot record (MBR) | One of two methods used to partition tables on a hard drive. The first sector on the drive is called MBR and has the partition table and a program BIOS uses to boot an OS from the drive
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| master file table (MFT) | The database used by the NTFS file system to track the contents of a volume or logical drive
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| md (Make directory) | The windows command to make a directory
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| mount point | A folder that is used as a shortcut to space on another volume
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| mounted drive | A volume that can be accessed by way of a folder on another volume.
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| Offline Files | A windows utility that allows users to work with files in the folder when the computer is not on a corporate network.
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| pagefile.sys | The windows swap file that is stored on the hard drive to enhance physical memory installed in a system
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| partition table | A table that contains information about each partition on the drive.
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| primary partition | A hard disk partition that can be used to boot to start the system
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| quick format | A format procedure that doesn't scan for bad sectors
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| RAID (Redundant array of inexpensive disks ) | A method of storing data on multiple drives so if one fails the other still has the data
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| RAID 0 | Using space from two disks to give one volume the whole amount
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| rd (remove directory) | The windows command to delete a directory folder or group of folders
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| recover | The windows command that can recover a file when part is corrupted
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| registry | A database that windows uses to store hardware and software configuration, user preferences, and setup information
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| ren (rename) | The windows command to rename a file or folder
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| resiliency | In windows 8 storage spaces, the term refers to the degree the configuration can resist or recover from a drive failure
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| Resilient File System (ReFS) | A file system that offers excellent fault tolerance and compatibility with virtualization and data redundancy in a raid system
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| restore point | A snapshot of the windows system, usually made before installation of new hardware or applications
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| robocopy (Robust file copy) | A windows command that is more powerful than Xcopy used to copy files and folders
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| sector | The smallest unit of bytes addressable by the operating system and UEFI/BIOS
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| shadow copy | A copy of open files made so that open files are included in a backup
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| shutdown | The windows command to shut down the PC
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| simple volume | A type of volume used on a single hard drive
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| slack | Wasted space on a hard drive caused by not using all space at the end of the cluster
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| software raid | Using Windows to implement RAID. Done via Disk management utility
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| storage spaces | A windows 8
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| striping | Same as Raid0
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| system image | A backup of the entire windows 8/7 volume and can backup other volumes
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| system partition | The partition of the hard drive the contains the boot loader needed to launch windows
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| system protection | A windows utility that automatically backs up system files and stores them in restore points on the hard drive
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| system restore | A windows utility used to restore the system to a restore point
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| thin provisioning | A technique used by storage spaces in windows where virtual storage free space can be configured as if it has more virtual than physical allotted to it
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| track | A concentric circle on the surface of a hard drive
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| UDF (Universal Disk Format) | A file system for optical medica used by all dvd disks
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| user profile | A collection of files and settings about a user account that enable the user's personal data, desktop settings, and other operating settings to be kept from one session to the other
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| User profile namespace | The group of folders in the C:\Users folder that belong to a specific user
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| virtual memory | Os uses hard drive as if it were ram
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| wildcard | A * or ? used in command lines that represents a character or group of characters in a file name or extension
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| windows powershell | A command line interface that has small programs to do what long CMD commands do
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| xcopy | A windows command more powerful than copy that lets you copy files and folders
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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