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OS Chap 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active partition | The primary partition on the drive that boots the OS. On windows it's called the system partition. |
| active recovery image | On windows 8, its the image windows will revert to when the "refresh" option of windows install is performed. |
| backup and restore | On windows 7, it's a utility used to create scheduled backups of the user's data and update the system image. |
| basic disk | It's what windows calls the hard drive if it's the only one in the system |
| boot partition | The hard drive partition where the OS is stored. |
| bootMgr | The program responsible for loading windows itself |
| cd (Change directory) | the command to change the default directory |
| CDFS (Compact Disk File System) | The 32 bit file system for CD discs |
| chkdsk (Check Disk) | A windows program that checks for bad sectors on a hard drive that could corrupt it. |
| cluster | On or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on the drive for storing data. |
| Complete PC Backup | A program for vista that can make a backup of the entire volume that vista is installed and other volumes as well. (Vista version of System Image) |
| copy | The windows command to copy files or entire folders to other locations |
| custom refresh image | A copy of the entire windows 8 volume and installation. It can be installed during a refresh option of installation |
| defrag | The windows command that finds fragmented parts of a file and rewrites the hard drive to put them together |
| defragment | The process that actually rewrites those files into one continuous part |
| del | The windows command to delete files or entire folders |
| dir | The windows command to list files and folders in a directory |
| Disk Cleanup | A windows utility that deletes temp files to free up space |
| dynamic disk | A way to partition one or more hard drives so that they can store data together as one large drive, or the same data for fault tolerance |
| dynamic volume | A volume that takes up space on multiple hard drives |
| EFI System Partition (ESP) | The original version of UEFI made by intel |
| elevated command prompt window | A command prompt window that allows commands that need administrator rights |
| erase | The same as del, Erases files or folders |
| expand | The command that extracts files from compressed folders |
| extended partition | The only partition on the drive that can contain more than one logical drive |
| FAT (File allocation table) | A table of data that tracks the clusters used to contain a file |
| file allocation unit | A number of a hard drive disk's sectors that are treated as a unit |
| file history | A utility that makes routine backups of files that is also backwards compatible with windows 7 |
| formatting | To erase any old data and prepare the device for a specific file system |
| fragmented file | A file that is written to many different segments of a hard drive so it's not contiguous |
| Globally Unique Identifier partition table (GUID or GPT) | One of two methods used to organize partitions on a hard drive |
| hardware RAID | One of two ways to implement RAID. Hardware raid is more reliable and is configured through ufei on the motherboard or raid card |
| help | The windows command to get help about another command |
| high-level formatting | A process done by the windows formatting program. Creates the boot record, file system, and root directory on a hard drive volume |
| initialization files | Text files that contain hardware and software configuration |
| logical drive | Part of a MBR based hard drive that is treated as a separate drive with its own letter and has a file system |
| low-level formatting | A process done at the factory that electronically creates the tracks and sectors, and tests for bad spots on the surface |
| Master boot record (MBR) | One of two methods used to partition tables on a hard drive. The first sector on the drive is called MBR and has the partition table and a program BIOS uses to boot an OS from the drive |
| master file table (MFT) | The database used by the NTFS file system to track the contents of a volume or logical drive |
| md (Make directory) | The windows command to make a directory |
| mount point | A folder that is used as a shortcut to space on another volume |
| mounted drive | A volume that can be accessed by way of a folder on another volume. |
| Offline Files | A windows utility that allows users to work with files in the folder when the computer is not on a corporate network. |
| pagefile.sys | The windows swap file that is stored on the hard drive to enhance physical memory installed in a system |
| partition table | A table that contains information about each partition on the drive. |
| primary partition | A hard disk partition that can be used to boot to start the system |
| quick format | A format procedure that doesn't scan for bad sectors |
| RAID (Redundant array of inexpensive disks ) | A method of storing data on multiple drives so if one fails the other still has the data |
| RAID 0 | Using space from two disks to give one volume the whole amount |
| rd (remove directory) | The windows command to delete a directory folder or group of folders |
| recover | The windows command that can recover a file when part is corrupted |
| registry | A database that windows uses to store hardware and software configuration, user preferences, and setup information |
| ren (rename) | The windows command to rename a file or folder |
| resiliency | In windows 8 storage spaces, the term refers to the degree the configuration can resist or recover from a drive failure |
| Resilient File System (ReFS) | A file system that offers excellent fault tolerance and compatibility with virtualization and data redundancy in a raid system |
| restore point | A snapshot of the windows system, usually made before installation of new hardware or applications |
| robocopy (Robust file copy) | A windows command that is more powerful than Xcopy used to copy files and folders |
| sector | The smallest unit of bytes addressable by the operating system and UEFI/BIOS |
| shadow copy | A copy of open files made so that open files are included in a backup |
| shutdown | The windows command to shut down the PC |
| simple volume | A type of volume used on a single hard drive |
| slack | Wasted space on a hard drive caused by not using all space at the end of the cluster |
| software raid | Using Windows to implement RAID. Done via Disk management utility |
| storage spaces | A windows 8 |
| striping | Same as Raid0 |
| system image | A backup of the entire windows 8/7 volume and can backup other volumes |
| system partition | The partition of the hard drive the contains the boot loader needed to launch windows |
| system protection | A windows utility that automatically backs up system files and stores them in restore points on the hard drive |
| system restore | A windows utility used to restore the system to a restore point |
| thin provisioning | A technique used by storage spaces in windows where virtual storage free space can be configured as if it has more virtual than physical allotted to it |
| track | A concentric circle on the surface of a hard drive |
| UDF (Universal Disk Format) | A file system for optical medica used by all dvd disks |
| user profile | A collection of files and settings about a user account that enable the user's personal data, desktop settings, and other operating settings to be kept from one session to the other |
| User profile namespace | The group of folders in the C:\Users folder that belong to a specific user |
| virtual memory | Os uses hard drive as if it were ram |
| wildcard | A * or ? used in command lines that represents a character or group of characters in a file name or extension |
| windows powershell | A command line interface that has small programs to do what long CMD commands do |
| xcopy | A windows command more powerful than copy that lets you copy files and folders |
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doerschlag11188
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