Miscellanious
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Directs the standard o/p to the /tmp/deleteme file , then directs the standard error messages be sent to the same place as the standard o/p. Both the list of files in the /bin directory and the error message are written to the file | ls /bin /nonesuch > /tmp/deleteme 2>&1
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| Write the contents of the /bin directory to the /tmp/deleteme file, error message '/nonesuch not found' to the screen, because standard error messages are directed to the same place standard o/p before standard has been directed to the file | ls /bin /nonsuch 2>&1 /tmp/deleteme
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| Reads items from standard input and breaks up long lists of arguments into smaller, usable lists | xargs
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| Overcomes a 128 KB shell command size restriction in older Linux kernels - and commonly takes input from: find, ls, locate, and grep -l | xargs
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| xargs Options: Ignore space names in files | find / -print0 -name *.odt | xargs -0 rm
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| xargs Options:Replace the initial argument of a command with the argument from the standard input | xargs -l
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| Find all the .jpg files on te computer and copies them into the /home/usr/Pictures directory | find / -name `*.jpg` | xags -l var1 cp var1 /home/usr/Pictures
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| Takes input from the unordered _file.txt file and sends it to the SORT command and then writes a new file named ordered_file.txt | sort < unordered_file.txt > ordered_file.txt
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| ls Option: list in reverse order | ls -r
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| mv Options: Overwrites directory that already exists in the destination directory | mv -f
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| mv Options: Prompt before overwriting a directory in the destination directory | mv -i
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| mv Options: Never overwrite files in the destination directory | mv -n
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| Move or rename directories and files. Moving directories erases the source directory and places it in the destination | mv
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| Delete an EMPTY directory | rmdir
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| Delete directory, sub-directories and files without prompting | rm -rf
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| Directory contains binary commands that are available to all users | /bin
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| Directory contains the kernel and bootloader files | /boot
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| Directory contains device files that represet the devices used by the system , such asa hard-drive, mouse, and printer | /dev
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| Directory contains configuration files specific to the system | /etc
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| Directory contains by default the user home directories | /home
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| Directory contains shared program libraries and kernel modules | /lib
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| Directory contains the /cdrom and /floppy directories | /media
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| Directory is an empty directory, and often used for temporarily mounted filesystems | /mnt
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| Directory contains the additional programs on the system | /opt
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| Directory is the root user's home directory, Not to be confused the the root of the system (/) | /root
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| Directory contains information about the system's state and processes | /proc
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| Directory contains system binary commands | /sbin
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| Directory contains files for servers such as HTTP and FTP servers | /srv
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| Directory contains the sysfs virtual file system which displays info about devices and drivers | /sys
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| Directory contains temporary files created by programs during system use (should be periodically cleared - have its own partition) | /tmp
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| Directory contains system commands and utilities | /usr
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| Directory contains data files that change constantly (volatile) | /var
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| /var Sub-directory: holds email in boxes | /var/mail
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| /var Sub-directory: holds files waiting for processing, such as print jobs or scheduled jobs | /var/spool
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| /var Sub-directory: holds www or proxy cache files | /var/www
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| List the FIRST 10 lines of a file (default). | head
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| List the first 20 lines of the /home/myfile file | head -n 20 /home/myfile
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| List the LAST 10 lines of a file (default) | tail
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| List the LAST 20 lines of the /home/myfile file | tail -n 20 /home/myfile
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| List all lines of the /home/myfile EXCEPT the first 15 line | tail -n -15 /home/myfile
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| Display the file TYPE - shows whether the file is a text,data, xml, or other type of file | file
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| File uses signatures in: | /usr/share misc/magic
/usr/share/misc/magic.mgc
/etc/magic
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| cp Options: Overwrites files that already exist in the DESTINATION directory | cp -f
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| cp Options: Prompts before overwriting a file in the DESTINATION directory | cp -i
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| cp Options: Update the existing DESTINATION file | cp -u
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| cp Options: Create a HARD LINK rather than copying a file | cp -l
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| cp Options: Create a SYMBOLIC LINK rather than copying a file | cp -s
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| cp Example: Create a symbolic linked named /home/myfile that points to /home/text_link | cp -s /home/myfile /home/text_link
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| ln Options: Create a backup of a file | ln -b
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| ln Example: backup /home/asmith/myfile to /backup - copy myfile as myfile in /backup | ln -b /home/asmith/myfile /backup
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| Derlates a file and overwrites the file information | shred
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| shred Options: Specify the number of times to overwrite -default is 25 | shred -n
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| shred Options: delete the inode | shred -u
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| shred Options: display progress (Verbose) | shred -v
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| shred Options: Overwrite the FILENAME with zeros | shred -z
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| shred Example: Deletes the companyplan.txt file and overwrites the file with random information, then leave zeros in place of the file | shred -u -z companyplan.txt
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| List file ATTRIBUTES | lsattr
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| lsattr Options: Recursively list attributes of directories and their contents | lsattr -R
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| lsattr Options: Display the program version | lsattr - V
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| lsattr Options: List all files in directories | lsattr -a
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| lsattr Options: List directories like other files, rather than listing their contents | lsattr -d
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| lsattr Options: List the file's version/generation number | lsattr -v
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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Created by:
johnadream
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