Biology Midterm Exam
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| show | the study of life
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| The basic structural unit of life | show 🗑
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| Examples of organisms are | show 🗑
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| show | 1.)Organization and presence of one or more cells2.)Response to a stimulus3.)Homeostasis4.)Metabolism5.)Growth and development6.)Reproduction7.)Change through time.
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| Asexual reproduction is | show 🗑
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| show | the seven characteristics of life
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| show | homeostasis is the maintaining of stable internal conditions
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| show | meters
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| show | 1,000 meters
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| show | 400 times
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| Hypothesis | show 🗑
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| Observation | show 🗑
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| show | used to test a hypothesis and its predictions.
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| show | a body of facts and information collected during an experiment
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| variable | show 🗑
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| show | a variable of comparison.
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| show | a coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena.
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| conclusion | show 🗑
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| What is the sequence of steps for the scientific method?: | show 🗑
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| determine the steps of a controlled experiment | show 🗑
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| show | Find a statement explaining observations, and data can be treated. Now, compare variables to the control group
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| Nucleotide | show 🗑
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| Hydrolysis | show 🗑
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| show | building block or proteins; a class of organic compounds containing at least one amino group
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| Condensation reaction | show 🗑
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| show | C6*H12*O6, simple sugar; a result of photosynthesis
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| Organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems are...._________ | show 🗑
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| A compound found in living things that supplies the energy in its chemical bonds directly to cells is | show 🗑
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| Who coined the term “cell”? | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria
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| show | cell organelle composed of RNA and Protein; the site of protein synthesize
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| show | a system of flattened sacs with ribosome’s that produce phospholipids and proteins.
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| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
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| show | control center of cell; contains genetic information.
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| show | a system of flattened membranous eukaryotic sacs containing new proteins or lipids; modifies proteins for export.
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| Lysosome | show 🗑
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| show | organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP; produce energy; power house of the cell (sit of aerobic respiration).
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| show | Cilia: hair-like structures that assist in cell movement.Flagella: whip-like tail; assist in cell movement.
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| Fatty acid | show 🗑
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| Dipeptide | show 🗑
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| Disaccharide | show 🗑
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| show | .
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| Nucleotide | show 🗑
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| A chain of 50 or more amino acids would be called a....________ | show 🗑
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| A solution with a pH of 2 would be best described as being | show 🗑
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| show | activation energy, temperature, and pH.
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| show | eukaryotes
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| show | example of a prokaryotic cell: bacterial cell.example of a eukaryotic cell: plant and animal cell
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| show | archaebacteria and monera
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| whats the differences between RNA and DNA? | show 🗑
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| Another name for the membrane that surrounds the organelles and the cell is | show 🗑
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| The "head" of the membrane bilayer molecule is | show 🗑
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| Water is (polar or nonpolar) | show 🗑
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| The term used to state that a cell only allows certain substances in and out is | show 🗑
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| Which is more efficient – large cell or a small cell? | show 🗑
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| parts of the Cell Theory | show 🗑
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| Free ribosomes make..._____ | show 🗑
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| The golgi apparatus is responsible for | show 🗑
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| Smooth E.R. makes | show 🗑
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| show | proteins(digestive enzymes)
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| show | Photo
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| show | unicellular
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| The nucleolus is the site of _______ synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | lysosomes
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| show | mitochondrion
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| Organelles that are surrounded by two membranes and contain DNA are the | show 🗑
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| show | epithelial tissue (skin)
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| The process in which cells become restricted to carrying out one or a few functions is called cell | show 🗑
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| show | an organ.
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| Who proposed the “Fluid Mosaic Model”? | show 🗑
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| Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have ribosomes. (T or F) | show 🗑
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| The DNA in prokaryotes is non-existent(T or F) | show 🗑
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| A functional group changes the structure of a compound but does not alter its chemical properties(T or F) | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| show | true
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| Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate. (T or F) | show 🗑
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| In a triple bond, three pairs of electrons are shared between three atoms (T or F) | show 🗑
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| Amino acids become linked together by peptide bonds during hydrolysis reactions (T or F) | show 🗑
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| Nucleic acids function primarily to carry genetic instructions and direct cellular activities (T or F) | show 🗑
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| DNA contains a five carbon sugar called________ | show 🗑
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| Water clings to itself in a property called_________ | show 🗑
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| Hydrogen bonding: | show 🗑
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| When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the sodium ions: | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon atoms.
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| show | a covalent bond is broken.
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| The slight positive and slight negative charge in a molecule results in the molecule being called: | show 🗑
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| Energy associated with movement is called: | show 🗑
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| show | metabolism.
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| show | heterotroph: organisms that can't produce their own food; get energy from other foods.autotrophs: organisms that use energy from photosynthesis as food
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| show | bacteria.
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| Adaptation: | show 🗑
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| show | evolution
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| The branch of biology that studies the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment is called: | show 🗑
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| An example of asexual reproduction is: | show 🗑
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| A way to produce new cells in multicellular organisms is called: | show 🗑
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| show | gametes
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| Bacteria go through a special kind of sexual reproduction called: | show 🗑
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| The specialized structure that bacteria use to transfer plasmids between each other and also for attachment to host cells is called the: | show 🗑
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| show | sexual reproduction.
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| show | thymine.
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| In RNA, adenine always pairs with: | show 🗑
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| show | cytosine.
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| show | organelles.
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| show | metabolism.
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| This is a chemical reaction that breaks down a substance: | show 🗑
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| show | Homeostasis
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| ________ is a protein that lowers activation energy for reactions to occur. | show 🗑
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| If the temperature gets too hot, the protein will: | show 🗑
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| show | denature.
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| show | base
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| show | ocular
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| When you first put a slide on the stage for viewing, you must use the __________ to focus. | show 🗑
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| show | slide
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| The _________is adjusted to let more or less light into the viewing area. | show 🗑
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| show | revolving nosepiece
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| What is the magnifying power of the ocular lens?: | show 🗑
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| show | body tube
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| show | objective.
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| show | carrier protein.
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| show | peripheral and integral
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| show | integral protein
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| show | integral
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| A _________ protein sticks out at the interior and exterior of a cell. | show 🗑
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| show | Atoms.
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| A _____is many basic units put together. | show 🗑
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| Cells are different sizes and shapes due to their: | show 🗑
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| show | prokaryotic cell.
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| What type of cell has a cell wall, contains plastids and large vacuoles?: | show 🗑
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| What kind of cell has a cell membrane, mitochondria and small vacuoles?: | show 🗑
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| show | more red light and less blue light.
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| show | thylakoid membrane
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| show | pigments of Chlorophyll A.
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| Water participates directly in the light reactions of photosynthesis by: | show 🗑
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| The energy that is used to establish the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane comes from | show 🗑
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| show | CO2 fixation (Kreb's Cycle)
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| Electrons needed to reestablish the cholorphyll in photosystem II come from: | show 🗑
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| Oxygen is a product of the process of: | show 🗑
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| The number of phosphate groups in an ADP molecule is: | show 🗑
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| show | the sun.
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| show | light absorbing accessory pigments in photosynthesis
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| show | an enzyme located in the thylakoid membrane, makes ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP.
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| show | protein complex in thylakoid membrane; helps with photosynthesis; only in plant cells
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| show | a 3 carbon compound, 2nd step of Calvin cycle
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| show | Ribulose bisphospate, a 5 carbon substrate involved in carbon fixation; 1st step in Calvin cycle.
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| Visible spectrum: | show 🗑
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| show | a green pigment present in most plants; used in photosynthesis
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| Biochemical pathway: | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen.
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| Where does the energy required for the Calvin cycle originate?: | show 🗑
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| show | excited electrons of PGAL
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| Carbon atoms are fixed into organic compounds in what cycle: | show 🗑
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| To produce the same amount of carbohydrate, C4 plants require less: | show 🗑
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| Citric acid: | show 🗑
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| show | cells make limited amounts of ATP by converting glucose into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol- anaerobic respiration.
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| NAD+: | show 🗑
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| Cytosol: | show 🗑
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| Cell membrane: | show 🗑
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| Aerobic respiration: | show 🗑
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| Glycolysis: | show 🗑
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| Kilocalorie: | show 🗑
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| In aerobic respiration, glucose is converted into _____________when they enter the Kreb's cycle. | show 🗑
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| show | ethyl alcohol and CO2
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| show | uses energy in organic compound to produce ATP.
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| show | 3 units of ATP
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| What molecules donate electrons to the electron transport chain?: | show 🗑
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| The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is: | show 🗑
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| show | ATP
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| What molecule is generated from lactic acid and alcoholic fermentations?: | show 🗑
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| During glycolysis (aerobic respiration), pyruvic acid produces CO2, NADH, H+, and: | show 🗑
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| show | NADPH and FADH2.
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| What happens to electrons as they are transported along the electron transport chain?: | show 🗑
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| The energy efficiency of aerobic respiration is: | show 🗑
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| show | cytosol of cell.
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| During glycolysis, glucose is: | show 🗑
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| show | NAD.
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| show | 2%
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| show | Anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen. It produces nearly 20 times as much ATP as is produced by glycoysis alone.
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| show | glycolysis
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| show | Oxygen
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| show | NADH, ATP, FADH.
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| show | the electron transport chain.
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| What is the name for the initial phase of aerobic and anaerobic respirations?: | show 🗑
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| How much energy is produced in fermentation vs. aerobic respiration?: | show 🗑
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| How much energy is gained through glycolysis?: | show 🗑
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| The citric acid cycle completes the breakdown of glucose to: | show 🗑
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| show | Krebs cycle.
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