chiropractic board review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Bell Magende's Law
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| show | Boyle's Law
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| show | Charles' Law
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| Solubility of gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas | show 🗑
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| show | LaPlace's Law
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| show | Starling's Law
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| show | Hering Breuer's Law
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| Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell into the... | show 🗑
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| show | dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood (7%), in combination with hemoglobin (23%), and as bicarbonate ions (70%)
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| show | when carbon dioxide enters the red blood cell and combines with water via carbonic anhydrase to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.
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| show | Bicarbonate diffuses out of the RBC into plasma while Cl ions diffuse into the RBC.
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| 97% of what is carried by hemoglobin? | show 🗑
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| show | cold
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| show | hot
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| meissner nerve ending | show 🗑
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| show | touch
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| show | touch
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| show | pain
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| naked free nerve endings | show 🗑
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| show | normal breathing, 500mL
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| inspiratory reserve | show 🗑
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| expiratory reserve | show 🗑
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| residual volume | show 🗑
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| show | max air inspired, 3500mL
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| functional residual capacity=(ER+RV) | show 🗑
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| show | max volume taken in after max exhalation, 5800mL
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| show | medulla oblongata
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| show | pons
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| show | Carbon dioxide and hydrogen
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| Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are sensitive to? | show 🗑
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| show | PCO2, H, and low PO2
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| show | PCO2, H, and high PO2
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| show | There is an increase in ketone bodies, respiration is stimulated, called Kussmaul's breathing, causing a "blowing off" of CO2 thus lowering the hydrogen concentration.
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| show | hydrogen concentration is lowered, so respiration is inhibited which causes an increase in the PCO2 and thus increases the blood hydrogen concentration.
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| show | low hydrogen concentration since there is a low PCO2. Rebreathing expired air increases PCO2 and returns the blood pH to normal
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| show | low pH of blood due to hypoventilation
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| show | connected to the base of the brain via supraoptic hypophyseal tract
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| Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary | show 🗑
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| ADH functions | show 🗑
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| Oxytocin functions | show 🗑
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| show | influenced by negative feedback or releasing factors produced in the hypothalamus
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| Growth Hormone/GH/Somatotropin | show 🗑
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| show | dwarfism
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| increased growth hormone | show 🗑
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| ACTH/Corticotropin | show 🗑
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| TSH/Thyrotropin | show 🗑
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| FSH | show 🗑
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| LH | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates milk production post partum
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| Pars intermedia | show 🗑
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| show | takes calcium out of the blood and into the bone. Made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid
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| show | major hormone from the thyroid to regulate metabolism
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| show | Chemiically more active thatn Thyroxine. Important in maintaining basal metabolism.
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| show | cretin in children and myxedema in adults
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| Increased thyroid hormones produce | show 🗑
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| show | increases blood calcium, decreases reabsorption of phosphates
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| Parathormone | show 🗑
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| Decreased parathormone | show 🗑
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| show | osteitis fibrosa cystica
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| Increases of parathormone in the blood | show 🗑
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| Adrenal cortex: zona glomerulosa | show 🗑
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| show | cortisol (sugar)
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| Adrenal cortex: zona reticularis | show 🗑
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| show | a mineralocorticoid that reduces sodium excretion by the kidneys and increases potassium excretion.
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| cortisol | show 🗑
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| adrenal medulla | show 🗑
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| show | epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| show | made in the hypothalamus to inhibit growth hormone. also made by the delta cells of the pancreas to inhibit insulin and glucagon in the pancreas, gastrin in the gastric mucosa, secretin in the intestinal mucosa and renin in the kidneys
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| show | a peptide formed in the liver and other tissues which mediates the effects of growth hormone on cartilage
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| estrogen | show 🗑
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| show | produced by the corpus lutem after ovulation. increases thickness of the uterine lining to make it ready for implantation. Increases in 2nd stage of the mentraul sycle called secretory stage. also responsible for increase in body temp (thermogenic hormone
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| testosterone | show 🗑
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| insulin | show 🗑
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| glucagon | show 🗑
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| show | in muscular layer of digestive tract for GI motility
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| show | in the submucosa to promote secretions
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| show | ptyalin
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| stomach | show 🗑
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| chief cells | show 🗑
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| show | produce HCl and intrinsic factor
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| gastrin | show 🗑
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| show | makes cholecystokinin and secretin
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| show | stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice and decreases gastric motility
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| cholecystokinin | show 🗑
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| show | lipase, amylase, maltase
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| trypsinogen | show 🗑
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| trypsin and chymotrypsin | show 🗑
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| show | pacemaker. self excitatory to the internodal pathways to the AV node (delays impulse) then teh the AV bundle (of His) to the purkinje system which conducts the impulse to the ventricles
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| P wave | show 🗑
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| show | ventricular depolarization (atrial repolarization)
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| show | ventricular repolarization
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| show | period of ventricular relaxation
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| Systole | show 🗑
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| show | closure AV valves during isometric contraction "LUB"
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| show | closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves during isometric relaxation at the beginning of diastole
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| show | the small downward deflection in teh arterial pulse or pressure contour immediately following the closure of the semilunar valves somethimes used as a marker for the end of systole or ejectin period (S-T)
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| Sterling's Law | show 🗑
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| baroreceptors | show 🗑
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| show | calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. the calcium in the sarcoplasm is low, the ATP is attached to the myosin crossbridges. this prevents the combining of actin and myosin
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| the nerve impulse fires, then | show 🗑
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| ACETYLOCHOLINE release to the T tubules causes: | show 🗑
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| show | binds with TROPOMYOSIN, TROPONIN leaving ACTIN free
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| show | combines with MYOSIN
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| show | reacts producing a contraction
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| show | destroys ACETYLCHOLINE
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| show | goes back to the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the myosin becomes inactivated
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| ADP | show 🗑
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| ATP | show 🗑
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| show | reattaches to actin and bridges separate to reform they we have relaxation
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| show | inside the cell is K+ and Mg++, outside the cell is Na+ and Cl-
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| stimulation | show 🗑
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| passive depolarization | show 🗑
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| show | Na goes out of cell. K goes into cell. Repolarization occurs due to increased potassium conductance. moves back to resting membrane potential.
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| resting membrane potential | show 🗑
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| Absolute Refractory Period | show 🗑
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| Relative Refractory Period | show 🗑
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| show | minimum current strength for an action potential to occur
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| show | time needed using 2x the rheobase for excitation
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| Transmission of impulse in CNS: excitatory | show 🗑
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| Transmission of impulse in CNS: inhibitory | show 🗑
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| show | ACH
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| show | ACH and Norepinephrine
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| show | Muscarine-effector cells of parasympath (stomach), and Nicotinic-skeletal muscle fibers, symp and parasym
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| Autonomic Nervous System divisions | show 🗑
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| sympathetic | show 🗑
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| show | wine and dine
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| show | vasoconstriction
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| Sympathetic effects blood vessels in muscle by: | show 🗑
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| Sympathetic effects the heart by: | show 🗑
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| show | dilating and deep breathing
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| show | decreasing secretions
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| show | decreasing it
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| Sympathetic effects eyes and pupuls by: | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic effects bl vessels/skin: | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| Parasympathetic effects heart by: | show 🗑
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| Parasypmathetic effects lung and bronchi by: | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic effects peristalsis by: | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic effects eye and pupils by: | show 🗑
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| Organs with sympathetic stimulation only: | show 🗑
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| show | quiet, awake, disappears in sleep
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| show | specific mental activity or tension REM
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| Delta brain waves: | show 🗑
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| Theta brain waves: | show 🗑
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| Kidney Circulation | show 🗑
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| Glomerulus | show 🗑
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| Tubular reabsorption and secretion from the glomerular filtrate into the peritubular capillaries acts by: | show 🗑
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| proximal tubule | show 🗑
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| show | osmotic pressure moves water into the interstitial tissue thus concentrating the urine
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| Loop of Henle: Ascending limb | show 🗑
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| show | Na+, Cl- and water are reabsorbed, K+ and H+ secreated. Aldosterone has the most influence.
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| show | hormone control of water, reabsorption of filtrate, ADH makes collecting ducts more or less permeable to water
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| Peritubular capillaries: | show 🗑
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| show | collecting ducts-> pyramids-> minor calyces-> major calyces-> renal pelvis-> ureter-> bladder-> urethra
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| Water is impermeable where? | show 🗑
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| Aldosterone has most influence where? | show 🗑
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| What has hormonal contral of H2O? | show 🗑
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| Where does ADH play a role? | show 🗑
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| show | peritubular capillaries
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| renin | show 🗑
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| show | in the blood, produced by liver
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| show | angiotensin I
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| show | in lungs; angiotensin converting enzyme; converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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| show | stimulates thirst, constricts blood vessels, stimulates ADH, stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone.
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| show | secreted from the zona glomerulosa, reabsorbs sodium and water, excretes K+ from distal tubule
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| show | increasing H2O absorption which increases blood volume thus diluting Na+ concentration and increasing blood pressure
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| show | atrial depolarization
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| show | ventrical depolarization (covers atrial repolarization)
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| show | repolarization of the ventricle
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| show | repolarization of papillary muscle
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| show | elongation of PR interval
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| show | winkbocks phenomena= elongation of P-R til 2 atrial depolarizations show up
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| Complete Heart Block | show 🗑
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| show | Ptylinogen-ptyin (salivary amalase): breaks down starch
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| Digestion in the Stomach | show 🗑
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| Chief Cells | show 🗑
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| Parietal cells | show 🗑
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| show | Gastrin-increase gastric secretions
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| show | Secretin, Enterogastrone, Enterokinase, Cholecystokinin
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| show | Increase pancreatic secretion of amylase and lipase and buffers acid chyme from stomach
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| show | Closes pyloric sphincter in response to fats (lipids)
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| show | converts-trypsinogen to trypsin and chymotrypsiogen to chymotrypsin (breaks down proteins)
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| show | Causes gallbladder to release bile and closes pyloric sphincter, stops action of gastrin in stomach
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| show | PTH: takes calcium out of bone and puts it into blood. Effected by low blood calcium levels
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| Thyroid Gland | show 🗑
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| Adrenal Cortex | show 🗑
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| Adrenal Medulla | show 🗑
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| Ovaries (female secondary sex characteristics) | show 🗑
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| Testes | show 🗑
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| show | bunch of nerves firing on 1 cell body
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| show | 1 nerve firing a bunch of times
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| Divergence synapse | show 🗑
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| Increase physical activity | show 🗑
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| depolarization | show 🗑
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| show | resting; prevent diffusion of ions
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| action potential starts at: | show 🗑
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| passive filling | show 🗑
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| cortisol | show 🗑
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| progesterone | show 🗑
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| C-fibers | show 🗑
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| Na/K/ATP-ase Pump | show 🗑
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| show | amount of neurotransmitter released
🗑
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| monosynaptic reflex transmission | show 🗑
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| show | ADH
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| decreased sympathetic: | show 🗑
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| show | decrease stroke volume
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| metabolic acidosis: | show 🗑
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| show | free nerve endings, tickle, itch, temperature. Greatest number: tip tongue, lips, genitalia, finger tips. Least number: upper arm, buttock, trunk.
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| Mechanoreceptors | show 🗑
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| show | Corpuscles of Ruffini for pressure. Temperature distinction between 2-5 degrees. (encapsulated and multi-branched)
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| Muscle Spindles | show 🗑
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| Pacinian Corpuscles | show 🗑
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| Meissner's Corpuscles | show 🗑
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| Merkel's Discs | show 🗑
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| show | norepinephrine, glutamate, nitric oxide
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|
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| show | norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, glycine, GABA
🗑
|
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| Locus ceruleus nucleus (pons) | show 🗑
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| show | injury, constriction, platelet plug, clot, repair
🗑
|
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| show | cell membrane in skeletal and cardiac muscle
🗑
|
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| T-tubules | show 🗑
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| show | myosin ONLY
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|
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| Cerebral Sensory Areas: | show 🗑
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| show | postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe)
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| Visual | show 🗑
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| show | Superior temporal gyrus (Heschl's gyrus)
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| show | Base of postcentral gyrus
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| Olfactory | show 🗑
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| Wernicke's | show 🗑
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| Cerebral Motor Areas | show 🗑
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| Motor | show 🗑
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| Premotor | show 🗑
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| Broca's | show 🗑
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| show | Thalamus & Hypothalamus
🗑
|
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| show | Main relay between the cortex & spinal cord
🗑
|
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| Hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebellum, Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
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| Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| show | superior colliculi coordinates eyeball movement in response to visual stimuli. Inferior colliculi coordinates head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli. It is the origin of CN's III, IV.
🗑
|
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| show | Pneumotaxic and apneustic areas help control breathing & is the origin of CN's V, VI, VII, VIII
🗑
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| show | Medulla
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| show | depolarization
🗑
|
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| show | repolarization
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|
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| no A-P available | show 🗑
|
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| A-P available with increase potential | show 🗑
|
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| show | closing of mitral & tricuspid (A-V valves)
🗑
|
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| Normal heart valves: S2 | show 🗑
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| show | diastolic murmurs are the most clinically significant
🗑
|
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| show | depolarization
🗑
|
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| show | repolarization
🗑
|
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| a cell at its "resting membrane potential" | show 🗑
|
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| closing of sodium gates | show 🗑
|
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| reduction in membrane potential relative to resting membrane | show 🗑
|
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| show | hyperpolarization
🗑
|
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| show | depolarization
🗑
|
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| show | action potential creation
🗑
|
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| show | -70mV
🗑
|
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| show | -55mV
🗑
|
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| Immediately following an Action Potential, if a nerve cannot produce an action potential? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Relative Refractory Period
🗑
|
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| show | adrenergic
🗑
|
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| What type of nerve is related to choline? | show 🗑
|
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| What neurotransmitter is at the myoneural junction? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Parasympathetic Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sympathetics use Acetylcholine where? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | epinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| show | Adrenal medulla
🗑
|
||||
| show | Zona Glomerulosa, Fasciculata, & Reticularis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Zona Reticularis
🗑
|
||||
| What part secretes corticosteroids? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epinephrine and norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| show | Aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| show | Adrenal medulla
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells secrete surfactant? | show 🗑
|
||||
| IRV+ ERV+ TV is called | show 🗑
|
||||
| Air remaining after forceful expiration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | diaphragm
🗑
|
||||
| show | reduce surface tension & prevent alveolar collapse
🗑
|
||||
| show | bicarbonate
🗑
|
||||
| most important intracellular buffer | show 🗑
|
||||
| most plentiful buffer | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lung overinflation
🗑
|
||||
| show | turn off of inspiration (keeps you breathing)
🗑
|
||||
| show | respiratory stretch receptors prevents lung over-strethcing
🗑
|
||||
| show | 37 C and 98.6 F
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle contraction
🗑
|
||||
| show | brown fat (high metabolic rate)
🗑
|
||||
| show | vasoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to respiration when hot | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | posterior hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| main center with reflex responses activated by heat | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decreases
🗑
|
||||
| insulin is secreted by which cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ptyalin
🗑
|
||||
| where are brunner's glands located? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ileum
🗑
|
||||
| which cells release pepsinogen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| what substance causes gall bladder contraction? | show 🗑
|
||||
| who has greater compliance arteries or veins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| amount of blood pumped out per beat? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 70-80 mL/min
🗑
|
||||
| show | cardiac output
🗑
|
||||
| show | stroke volume x heart rate
🗑
|
||||
| heat transfer as infrared rays | show 🗑
|
||||
| liquid turning to vapor | show 🗑
|
||||
| heat transfer between objects | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | convection
🗑
|
||||
| show | purkinje fibers (4 m/s)
🗑
|
||||
| show | pacemaker
🗑
|
||||
| show | vagus
🗑
|
||||
| atrial depolarization occurs during what wave? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | QRS
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular depolarization occurs during what wave? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | T
🗑
|
||||
| Name the AV valves. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tricuspid
🗑
|
||||
| Mitral stenosis murmur occurs during? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Name the semilunar valves? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens between atrial & ventricular systole? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where are the arterial circulation baroreceptors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| the most common type of hypertension> | show 🗑
|
||||
| afferent arteriole leads | show 🗑
|
||||
| efferent arteriole leads | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | afferent
🗑
|
||||
| show | collecting duct
🗑
|
||||
| show | Water only
🗑
|
||||
| show | Loop of Henle
🗑
|
||||
| Which part of the kidney does filtration? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lungs
🗑
|
||||
| show | constricts
🗑
|
||||
| Cholinergic | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | symp
🗑
|
||||
| show | parasym
🗑
|
||||
| Increases heart rate | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pre-acetylcholine | show 🗑
|
||||
| post-norepinephrine | show 🗑
|
||||
| decreases heart rate | show 🗑
|
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| show | 8-13 cycles per second
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| show | 14-25 cycles per second "asynchronous"
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| theta waves | show 🗑
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| delta waves | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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