Audiology SLP314
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| Parts of the outer ear (3) | 1. Pinna (Auricle) 2. External auditory canal (meatus) 3. Tympanic membrane
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| Function of the pinna | No difference in hearing based on size. Front-to-back localization.
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| Composition of pinna (3) | Cartilage covered with skin: HELIX (outer ridge). CONCHA (bowl-like depression/funnel- 5kHz resonant freq). TRAGUS (flap).
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| External auditory canal (EC): features and function | Tunnel from concha to TM (2.5cm / 1"). S-curve. Horizontal in children; upward angle in adults. Protects TM and ME.
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| Sections of ear canal | 1. Cartilaginous portion (outer 2/3 - moves w/jaw - hairs, glands, cerumen) 2. Bony portion (inner 1/3 - inflexible - no hair, glands
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| Parts of the tympanic membrane (TM) | 1. outer layer (skin same as EC). 2. medial layer (fibrous, vibrating tissue) 3. inner-mucous membrane (same as ME). 4. Annular ligament 5. Pars tensa (vibrating portion). 6. Pars flaccida (loose portion of outer and middle layers. pressure release.
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| Cone of light | Umbo of malleus attached to center of TM (fibrous layer). Pulls TM inward slightly. Characteristic of healthy TM (smooth, translucent, pearl-gray).
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| Function of TM | Transfers vibration from EC identically to ME (via malleus)
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| Disorders of outer ear (7) | Anotia, Microtia/atresia. Ear canal stenosis. Foreign body. External otitis. Impacted cerumen. TM perforation.
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| Anotia | Absence of pinna.
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| Microtia | "Little ear". Small, deformed pinna. No hearing loss.
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| Atresia | Ear canal fails to form. No opening. Often occurs together with microtia, but may occur with normal pinna too . Flat 40-60dB hearing loss. Surgical reconstruction or bone conduction aids.
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| Stenosis | Narrowing of ear canal. Widen surgically.
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| Foreign body | May require surgical removal if embedded (skin growth).
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| External otitis | "Swimmer's ear". Infection of ear canal skin. Antibiotics.
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| TM perforation | Trauma, pointed object, intense sound, diving, ME disease. Hearing loss depending on size. Surgical repair (myringoplasty, graft) or spontaneous healing.
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