Civil War
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| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America
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| Ulysses S. Grant | commander of Union army; After series of victories, including capture of Vicksburg, Lincoln gave him command of Union army. He created plan focused on Sherman’s march through Georgia & his assault on Confederate in Virginia. accepted Lee’s surrender.
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| Robert E. Lee | serve with the Confederate forces. In 1862 appointed to command Army of Northern Virginia. battle strategies are admired today, but criticized for having narrow strategy focused on Virginia. surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865.
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| Abraham Lincoln | President of the United States. Led the United States as President during the American Civil War and his leadership helped to preserve the Union and eventually bring an end to the practice of slavery after his assassination in 1865
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| William Carney | Congressional Medal of Honor recipient, served with 54th Massachusetts Regiment (Union), first African American soldier to receive. he took flag, led way to parapet, & planted colors. as troops fell back he held flag, under fierce fire wounding himm.
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| Philip Bazaar | born in Chile, South America, a Navy seaman in Union Navy, won Medal of Honor for distinguished service. On board U.S.S. Santiago de Cuba during assault on Fort Fisher on 15 January 1865. Bazaar carryied dispatches at height of battle.
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| Frederick Douglass | leading African American abolitionist; accomplished orator and writer
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| Stonewall Jackson | Confederate General in the Civil War; earned his name “Stonewall” at the Battle of Bull Run; gifted tactical commander; led troops in the 1st and 2nd Battles of Bull Run (Manassas) and Antietam
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| Supported Union | North/Whigs who were joined by anti-slavery Democrats formed the Republican Party
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| South/Democrats | Supported States' Rights
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| Firing on Fort Sumter | a federal fort in Charleston Harbor, was fired upon by rebel forces to begin the Civil war (April, 1861). site where Civil War begins
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| Battle of Antietam | first battle to take place on Northern soil in Sharpsburg, Maryland, September, 1862; bloodiest one-day battle in U.S. history (23,000 casualties); Union victory; built Union confidence & led Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation
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| Battle of Gettysburg | turning point of the Civil War; Lee’s invasion of northern territory is repelled; South is no longer capable of an offensive into Union territory (July, 1863)
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| Siege of Vicksburg | the North captured this stronghold to gain control of the Mississippi River and divided the Southern states. (May-July, 1863)
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| Emancipation Proclamation | changes the nature of the war from that of preserving the Union to freeing the slaves. The proclamation freed only the enslaved people in the rebelling territories. (announced in September, 1862; signed the order in January, 1863)
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| Lincoln's Assassination | Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth, a southern sympathizer (April, 1865)
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| Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse | brings the Civil War to a close as Lee surrenders the Confederate forces of Virginia to Grant. (April, 1865). Priority now became bringing the confederate states back into the union.
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| Lincoln's First Inaugural Address | Promised he had no intent to abolish slavery
/ argued for the preservation of the Union/ he stated it was against the law to secede from the Union
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| Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address | Stated that slavery perpetuated the war and he denounced slavery/ fought for restoration of peace/ Lincoln stated that there were people trying to destroy the government, with or without war
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| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln promotes equality/ all enslaved people in the Confederate states would be free/ stated that the country was worth fighting for/ lines include “The government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall be preserved.”
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| Jefferson Davis' Inaugural Address | secession of Southern states similar to colonists’ revolution against British; justifies South’s “need” to secede, & discussed tentative plan for seceding states’ future. secession was “a necessity, not a choice"
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| Lincoln's First Inaugural Address | Speech that promised not to abolish slavery & to preserve the Union; says its unlawful/illegal for states to secede.
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| Emancipation Proclamation | Freed the slaves in rebel territories;changed purpose of war from preserving Union to ending slavery; allowed African Americans to fight with the Union army.
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| Lincoln's Assassination | President is shot by John Wilkes Booth; nation faces challenges without leadership (April 1865)/ Radical Republicans take control of Congress
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| Appomattox Court House | War ends as Lee surrenders forces to Grant; focus turns to bringing states back into Union (April 1865)
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| Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address | Speech stating that all enslaved people would be freed & that the Union was worth fighting for. government "of the people, by the people, and for the people will be preserved."
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| Gettysburg Address | Speech denouncing slavery. Wants peace and restoration of the Union. Says people are trying to destroy the government
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| Davis' 1st Inaugural Address | Speech compares South's secession to colonists' revolution. Justifies South's need to secede & presents plan for Confederate States' future.
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| Antietam | 1st Battle of Union soil occurred in September 1862. Bloodiest battle. Led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
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| Gettysburg | Turning point battle. Stops Confederate advance onto Northern Territory in July of 1863.
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| Bull Run | Union army defeated by smaller Confederate force in Northern Virginia in July of 1861
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| Vicksburg | North captured city to gain control of the Mississippi River & divided Southern states in May 1863
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| Ft. Sumter | 1st battle of the Civil War. South Carolina fort housing Union troops was fired on by Confederate Troops (April 1861)
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| North | area with more access to more railroads to move supplies and men.
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| South | area with better ports resulting in a blockade early in the war. Soldiers know the terrain, which helped because most battles were fought in the South.
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| Mississippi River | Feature had strategic importance & resulted in many battles to gain control of it.
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| Stonewall Jackson | Confederate general at both Battle of Bull Run and Antietam
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| Frederick Douglass | former slave turned abolitionist who convinced the Union to allow African Americans to fight in the army.
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| Philip Bazaar | 1st Hispanic-American Medal of Honor winner, Navy seaman from Chile.
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| William Carney | 1st African American to win Congressional Medal of Honor. Part of the 54th Regiment at Fort Wagner
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| Abraham Lincoln | President of the United States (Union)
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| Jefferson Davis | president of the Confederate States of America
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| Ulysses S. Grant | commander of the Union Army
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| Robert E. Lee | commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House
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| Republicans | political group formed by anti-slavery Democrats. Led by Lincoln and support the Union
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| Democrats | Political part that supported states' rights and had 2 presidential candidates in 1860
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