ch.11
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| Virus | small, infective piece of DNA or RNA; wrapped in a PROTEIN coat.
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| Double Helix | Winding, two strand arrangement of DNA (base pairs=rungs)
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| Oswald Avery | Showed (in vitro) DNA= Transforming Principle (used DNAase & Proteinases)
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| Hershey & Chase | Proved phage DNA is injected into host (used radioactive S & P isotopes)
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| Hydrogen Bonds | Holds two strands of DNA together; connects base pairs (weak)
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| Deoxyribose | PENTOSE sugar in DNA; missing OXYGEN on #2 Carbon
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| Frederick Griffith | British; 1st discovered TRANSFORMATION in heat-killed bacteria
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| Watson & Crick | Developed DOUBLE HELIX model of DNA; complementary base pairs
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| Nucleotide | Building block (monomer) of DNA molecule
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| Adenine & Guanine | PURINE nitrogen bases; contain DOUBLE ring of carbon/nitrogens
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| Nitrogen Bases | ORDER of these makes us each UNIQUE
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| Antiparallel | Two DNA strands join in opposite directions (3' end with 5' end)
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| 3.4 Angstroms | DISTANCE between sucessive base pairs
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| DNA Polymerase | ENZYME that creates NEW DNA strand from OLD template
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| Cytosine & Thymine | PYRIMIDINE nitrogen bases; contain a SINGLE ring
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| DNA ligase | ENZYME connects NUCLEOTIDES during DNA replication
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| 34 Angstroms | DISTANCE of one complete turn of DNA
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| Period | One complete TURN of DNA
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| Semi-conservative | Nature of DNA REPLICATION (ie. One "old" + one "new" strand)
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| Erwin Chargoff | Discovered BASE PAIRING rules (A+G)=(T+C)for all species
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| Rosalind Franklin | Took X-rays of DNA; became data for Watson and Crick
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| Sugar-Phosphate | forms repeating BACKBONE of DNA molecule (same for all)
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| DNA | Main molecule of HEREDITY (double stranded nucleic acid)
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| Bacteriophage | A VIRUS that infects BACTERIA
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| Frederick Griffith (picture) | upside down rats
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| Hershey and Chase (picture) | cell with budding circles and circles in cell
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| Rosalind Franklin (picture) | photo of chromosome
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| structure in Hershey & Chase's cell photo | bacteriophage
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| Structure in Rosalind Franklin's chromosome photo | nitrogen bases
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| The PHOSPHATES of DNA join #2 and #4 carbons of the DEOXYRIBOESE sugars | FALSE
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| What makes each of us UNIQUE is the sequence of the NITROGEN BASES | TRUE
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| CHROMOSOMES=2 DNA strands held together by covalent bonding between nitrogen bases | FALSE
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| mRNA | (AUG ACG GAC GCU UUA GGA GUA UGA) etc.
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| Amino Acids | (Met Thr Asp Ala Leu Gly Val STOP) etc.
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| REDUDNDAT code means that one AMINO ACID has many codons | TRUE
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| TRANSLATIOn converts DNA into a mRNA | FALS; transcription
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| Translation (photo) | enzyme with polypeptide hanging off of it
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| creation of an AA-tRNA (photo) | enzyme going into active sight and releasing
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| structure F from all the coloring (handle) | AA-tRNA
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| shapes that connect into other shapes | anticodon
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