European Monarchs by Tony D.
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| Richard III | Defeated at Bosworth Field in the War of the Roses;
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| Henry IV of the Capetian Dynasty | French King; married Marie de Medici; Assassinated in 1610; immediate predecessor of Louis XIII; issued the Edict of Nantes
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| Queen Victoria | awarded medal to Josiah Henson for cabinets in Crystal Palace exhibit in 1842;
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| Mary I (Tudor) | Queen of England 1553-1558; said "When I am dead and opened, you shall find Calais lying in my heart. ;
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| Queen Anne | First monarch of Great Britain, 1707-1714;
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| Henry VIII | English King; Had Sir Thomas More beheaded for refusing to accept him as head of the English Church in 1535; 6 wives
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| William of Orange (William III) | King of England, Scotland, and Ireland who opposed King Louis XIV when he invaded the Netherlands in 1642; deposed King James II; married Mary II
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| Henry II of the House of Valois | French King; Married Catherine de Medici;
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| Louis XIII | French King; his Chief Prime Minister was Richelieu;
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| Ferdinand and Isabella | Tombs lie in the Royal Chapel of Granada's cathedral; gained possession of Grenada in 1492; commisioned Colombus to find a route to India
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| Louis XV | His mistress was Madame de Pompadour; defeated by Frederick the Great at the Battle of Rossbach in 1757; said "After us, the deluge" ;
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| King George III | British king who reigned during the Revolutionary War, losing the thirteen American colonies; a British play is based of off him called The Madness of George III;
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| Charles III (The Fat) | The last Carolingian Emperor; Son of Louis the German.
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| Charles II | British King; asked to exclude his Roman Catholic brother from the line of succession; his supporters were nicknamed Tories, who favored hereditary succession; succeeded by James II of England
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| Henry VII (Tudor) | First king of the House of Tudor from 1485 to 1509; attained the throne by killing Richard III at Bosworth Field; married Elizabeth I, daughter of Edward IV, uniting York and Lancaster
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| James I of England/ James VI of Scotland | English King; in 1615, urged John Donne to become an Anglican Priest;became King of Scotland in 1567 then became first Stuart King of England in 1603; died in 1625; First permanent settlement in America is named after him; mother was Mary, Queen of Scots
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| King James II | Deposed in the Glorious Revolution in 1688-89
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| Edward VIII | English King; held the throne less than a year; a constitutional crisis occurred after his decision about Wallis Simpson; his brother Prince Albert assumed the throne upon his abdication
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| Louis XVI | a lock of this French king's hair was sold for $5,536; beheaded on January 21, 1793; first to use the three colors of the tricolor to represent France in 1789
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| Frances I | Kind of France defeated at the Battle of Pavia in 1525; said "Of all I had, only honor remains, and my life which has been spared" ;
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| Charles V | King of Spain who in 1525 defeats Francis I in the Battle of Pavia;
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| Tony Blair | English Prime Minister; recieved the Congressional Gold Medal in 2003
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| Catherine II (The Great) | German Princess; Married Peter III; became empress of Russia from 1762-1796; changed her name from Sophie; called "The Modern Messalina"
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| Alexander I | Russian Tsar from 1801-1825;
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| Alexander II | Russian tsar from 1855-1881;
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| Alexander III | Russian tsar from 1881- 1894;
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| King Louis XIV | French King; "The Sun King"; Invaded the Netherlands in 1672, opposed by William III; renounced the Edict of Nantes in 1685
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| Richard I | English King who came to power in 1189; any time previous is referenced as "since time immemorial" ;
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| Napoleon Bonaparte | Said "From the sublime to the ridiculous is but a step" on his return from Moscow after his defeat in 1812; nicknamed the "Little Corporal"
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| Queen Beatrice | Queen of the Netherlands who succeded to the throne in 1980 after the abdication of her mother Queen Juliana
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| Windsor Family | The family that has ruled Great Britain since 1917
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| Henry II of the House of Plantagenet | Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet; married Eleanor of Aquitaine; first Plantagenet king of Endland in 1154 until 1189; his knights murdered Thomas a Becket in Canterbury Cathedral
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| Henry IV of the House of Lancaster | First king of the House of Lancaster; English; 1399-1413; often known as Henry of Bolingbroke; won the throne by defeating Richard II in 1399
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| King James II | Succeeded Charles II on the English throne in 1685
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| Oliver Cromwell | Gained prominence at the Battle of Marston Moor; served as Lord Protector between Charles I and Charles II
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| King Philip II | Spanish King; invaded the British Isles in the late 16th century due to Elizabeth I being Protestant; marked the defeat of the Spanish Armada
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tonydelg
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