vocabulary for enzymes and metabolism
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| metabolism | term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
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| energy | the ability to move or change matter
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| activation energy | the energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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| reactant | starting material for chemical reaction
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| product | newly formed substances
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| synthesis | enzyme reacts with two substrates to build up one product
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| degredation | enzyme reacts with single substrate breaking down into two products
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| anabolic | building reaction
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| catabolic | break down reaction
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| enzyme | catalysts that lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction so chemical reactions can occur at low temperatures. increase speed of chemical reactions
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| catalysts | chemicals that reduce the activation energy of the reaction
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| exergonic | release of energy
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| endogenic | absorption of energy
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| substrate | substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction
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| active site | the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds
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| lock and key | enzymes active site has a particular shape into which the substrate or substrates fit exactly
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| induced fit | the active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate but molds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed
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| denatured | bonds that maintain enzyme structure are broken
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| limiting factors | any factor that directly affects a process if its quantity is changed
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| inhibitors | slow down or stop enzyme reaction
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| competitive inhibitors | block the active site and stop the substrate from getting in there
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| non-competitive inhibitors | bind to enzyme (but not the active site) and cause active site to change shape
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| allosteric enzymes | enzymes that accept non-competitive inhibitors
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| allosteric site | where a signal molecule (inhibitor) can fit
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| irreversible inhibitors | bind permanently to the enzyme rendering it useless. stop enzymatic activity permanently
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| feedback inhibition | the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as a signal molecule and comes in contact with the first enzymes allosteric enzyme to shut down the pathway
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