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Enzyme Vocab
vocabulary for enzymes and metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metabolism | term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| energy | the ability to move or change matter |
| activation energy | the energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| reactant | starting material for chemical reaction |
| product | newly formed substances |
| synthesis | enzyme reacts with two substrates to build up one product |
| degredation | enzyme reacts with single substrate breaking down into two products |
| anabolic | building reaction |
| catabolic | break down reaction |
| enzyme | catalysts that lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction so chemical reactions can occur at low temperatures. increase speed of chemical reactions |
| catalysts | chemicals that reduce the activation energy of the reaction |
| exergonic | release of energy |
| endogenic | absorption of energy |
| substrate | substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction |
| active site | the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
| lock and key | enzymes active site has a particular shape into which the substrate or substrates fit exactly |
| induced fit | the active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate but molds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed |
| denatured | bonds that maintain enzyme structure are broken |
| limiting factors | any factor that directly affects a process if its quantity is changed |
| inhibitors | slow down or stop enzyme reaction |
| competitive inhibitors | block the active site and stop the substrate from getting in there |
| non-competitive inhibitors | bind to enzyme (but not the active site) and cause active site to change shape |
| allosteric enzymes | enzymes that accept non-competitive inhibitors |
| allosteric site | where a signal molecule (inhibitor) can fit |
| irreversible inhibitors | bind permanently to the enzyme rendering it useless. stop enzymatic activity permanently |
| feedback inhibition | the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as a signal molecule and comes in contact with the first enzymes allosteric enzyme to shut down the pathway |
Created by:
edenbreslauer
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