chapter 12 out of many
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| Lowell | built in 1823 was considered a model factory town because it allowed women to work in the textile mill factory. Called it “philanthropic manufacturing college”
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| “Just price” | set agreement among neighbors, not by some impersonal market for an item
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| Apprenticeship | an apprentice lived with the master craftsman and was treated more like a member of the family than an employee.
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| Duncan Phyfe and Stephen Allen | artisan who owe much of their success to the transportation revolution. Allen is elected major of New York.
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| National Road | in 1808 the grates single federal transportation expense. Tied the west and east together.
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| Erie canal | most famous canal of the era, brainchild of New York governor DeWitt Clinton who envisioned a link between NYC and the great lakes through the Hudson river, 364 mile lone canal stretching from Albany to Buffalo. At first called “Clinton’s Ditch”
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| Seneca Chief | firs boat to sail in the canal
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| Robert Fulton | created the first steamboat in 1807
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| Railroads | opened first in 1830.
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| Cholera | was passed on to further inland cities due to the canals and railroads because they were able to move quickly.
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| Market revolution | the outcome of three interrelated developments: rapid improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization
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| Commercialization | involved the replacement of household self~sufficiency and barter with the production of goods for cash market
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| Industrialization | involved the use of power~driven machinery to produce goods once made by hand
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| John Jacob Astor | created a fur trade with China and became one of the wealthiest people in America.
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| Mechanics Bank | found in 1814 by a group of Lynn’s Quaker merchants.
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| Putting out system | production of goods in private homes under the supervision of merchant who “put out” raw materials, paid a certain sum per finished piece, and sold the completed item to a distant market.
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| “Ten~footers” | houses where master artisans and their families worked together
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| Micajah Pratt | built large, two~story central workshops to replace the ten~footers.
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| Cincinnati | is known as “porkopolis” because of the importance of slaughter houses
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| John Deere | his steel plow invented in 1837 cut plow time in half
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| Cyprus McCormick | invented the reappear made in 1834
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| Samuel Slater | worked as an apprentice at a cotton spinning factory, left as a disguised farmer and went to RI to meet Moses Brown and William Almy. He built copies of the machine. 1789
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| 1816 | congress passed the first tariff, aimed largely against British cotton textiles
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| Francis Cabot Lowell | made an apparently casual tour of British textiles and created the Lowell mills. In 1814 he opened the world’s first integrated cotton mill in Waltham, near boston.
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| Paul Moody | went to work with Lowell and created the power loom off a copy of British’s.
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| Family mills | mills which hired out entire families to work
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| Erastus Fairbanks | scales and plow
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| Lemuel Hubbard | pumps
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| Nicanor Kendall | guns
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| American System | a technique of production pioneered in the U.S. that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts
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| Simeon North and John Hall | created milling machines that could grind parts to the required specifications and brought the concept of fruition, North in 1816 and Hall in 1824
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| Isaac Singer | patented the sewing machine in 1851
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| Brahmins | nickname given to the upper class(derived from India)
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| Charles G. Finney | evangelist who began a series of dramatic revival meetings
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| Mother’s magazine | put out by Presbyterian church
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| Mother’s monthly journal | put out by the Baptists
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| Susan Warner | wrote the Wide Wide World in 1850
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| Other authors | Lydia Maria Child, Catherine Sedgwick, and E.D.E.N. Southworth
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| Ralph Waldo Emerson | originally a Unitarian minister, quit the pulpit in 1832 and became a secular minister
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| Transcendentalism | a romantic philosophical theory claiming that there was an ideal, intuitive reality transcending ordinary life
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| Henry David Thoreau | pushed the implications of individualism.
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| Margaret Fuller | the most intellectually gifted of the transcendental circle was patronized by Emerson because she was a woman.
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