Colonization in America during 17th century
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| Virginia Company | London firm who established first permanent colony in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
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| House of Burgesses | Legislative (law-making) assembly set up by Virginia Company to govern the Jamestown Colony
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| Powhatan | Leader of the Native American tribes that lived near the Jamestown Colony
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| How would you describe the relationship between the colonists at Jamestown and the Native Americans living nearby? | At first, they tried trading with one another. When the colony began to expand, the Native Americans tried to drive the colonists away, but eventually the Native Americans were forced to leave the area.
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| What was the goal of the Virginia Company? Were they successful? | Find gold & other natural resources to ship home to England; at first, the colonists were unorganized, and many died of starvation. After several years, a government and an increase in land cultivation (farming) helped the colony to succeed.
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| What types of crops were grown in Virginia? | Tobacco
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| Who worked on farms in the Virginia colony? | Indentured servants; demand grew for more labor and African slaves were brought to work
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| Bacon's Rebellion | Led by Nathaniel Bacon; former indentured servants wanted House of Burgesses to retaliate against Native Americans who attacked their settlements
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| What was the result of Bacon's Rebellion? | It was unsuccessful; however, it served to weaken the indentured servant system and strengthen the reliances on slaves
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| Massachusetts Settlement | Pilgrims and Puritans left England to escape religious persecution. Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, and Puritans settled in present-day Boston.
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| King Phillip's War | 1675-1676, fought between Puritans and Native Americans
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| Causes of King Phillip's War | Puritans spread out from original settlement and took Native American land; some Native Americans converted to Christianity, which caused tensions amongst the region's tribes
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| King Phillip | Leader of the Native Americans who lived in the region around Boston; also known as Metacom
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| Early Puritan government | Run using town meetings, where every land-owning male was given a vote
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| Massachusetts colonial charter government | Led by: Governor, Deputy Governor, Council of Assistants; Legislative body: General Court of Shareholders (freemen) who voted on laws.
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| Half-Way Covenant | Puritans believed children born in the colony were not truly Puritans, and so they were not given a vote in the government. This covenant gave American-born children partial membership in the church so they were able to participate in government.
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| Rhode Island settlement | Founded by Roger Williams, who was banished from the Puritan settlement in Massachusetts
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| Massachusetts Charter | Given by the English government to allow Puritans/Pilgrims to establish a colony in the New World. Revoked by King Charles II, who made it a royal colony to have more control over trade.
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| Salem Witch Trials | Girls accused others of using witchcraft to make them sick; accusations spread until over 150 colonists were accused of being witches; 19 people hanged for witchcraft
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| Causes of Salem Witch Trials | Extreme religious faith, stress from growing population, deteriorating relations with Native Americans, lack of opportunities for women and girls in Puritan society
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| New Amsterdam | Dutch colony, founded in 1614, included all or part of present-day New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey
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| New York | During Second Anglo-Dutch war, England defeated the Dutch and took control over New Amsterdam. They divided the colony and renamed the largest part New York.
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| Pennsylvania | King Charles II gave a charter for the land to William Penn. Penn established a colony known for religious tolerance, and Quakers, Germans, and Scots-Irish moved to there.
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| Mid-Atlantic Colonies | Included Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania
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| Quebec | Established by the French as a trading post to acquire natural resources and sell them in Europe.
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| What was the economy based upon in the South? | Farming cash crops, especially tobacco, indigo, corn, and rice. Farmers relied on slave labor. Many of these crops were exported to Europe.
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| What geological features contributed to the economy of the South? | Rich soils, long growing seasons, deep rivers to transport crops by ship
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| What was the economy based upon in the Middle Colonies? | Trade of Native American furs and European iron tools/firearms, wheat and other agricultural products
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| What geological features contributed to the economy of the Middle Colonies? | Harbors and river systems created trade networks which reached the interior of North America and connected it with Europe
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| What was the economy based upon in the New England colonies? | Ship-building, fishing, whaling, commercial trade
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| What geological features contributed to the economy of the New England colonies? | Poor, thin, rocky soil and short growing season made farming difficult; Forests provided raw materials for shipbuilding, and proximity to sea made it easy for New Englanders to trade via ships.
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