Urology and the Male Reproductive System
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| anuria | absence of urine production
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| cystoscopy | visual examination of the bladder
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| dysuria | painful or difficult urination
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| filtrate | mixture of water, electrolytes, urea, and other small molecules first filtered in the glomerulus
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| frequency | need for frequent urination
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| hemodialysis | artificial means of removing urea, wastes, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood
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| lithotripsy | treatment that uses shock or sound waves to crush stones in the kidneys or urinary tract
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| micturition reflex | bladder reflex that creates the urge to urinate
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| oliguria | deficiency of urine production
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| peritoneal dialysis | dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity is used as the dialyzing membrane
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| renal colic | pain that radiates from the flank into the abdomen or groin area
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| stent | device that holds tissue in place and maintains an opening
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| urgency | sudden, nearly uncontrollable need to urinate.
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| urinalysis | laboratory analysis of urine
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| urine culture | growth and study of microorganisms isolated from a urine specimen
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| urinary catheterization | procedure that involves insertion of a sterile drainage tube into the bladder to drain or withdraw urine
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| vasectomy | procedure that involves removal of a segment of the vas deferens to achieve male sterilization
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| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine
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| balanitis | inflammation of the glans penis
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| glomerulopathy | disease of the glomerulus
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| hemauria | blood in the urine
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| hemolysis | destruction of blood
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| nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones
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| nephrologist | specialist in the study of the kidneys
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| renal | pertaining to the kidneys
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| nocturia | urination at night
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| oliguria | deficiency of urine production with an output less than 400 ml/day
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| orchopathy | disease of the testes
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| orchiectomy | surgical removal of testes
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| orchidopexy | surgical fixation of the testes
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| testomegaly | enlargement of the testes
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| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum
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| prostatoplasty | surgical repair of the prostate
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| spermatogenesis | producing sperm
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| urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra
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| urology | study of disorders of the urinary tract
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| urinometer | instrument for measuring urine
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| vasotomy | incision into a vessel
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| antibacterial | pertaining to against bacteria
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| polyuria | much urination
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| oligospermia | condition of deficient sperm
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| prerenal | pertaining to before the kidneys
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| transurethral | pertaining to through or across the urethra
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| cystocele | herniation of the bladder
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| bacteriocidal | killing bacteria
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| spermatocyte | sperm cell
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| urodynia | painful urination
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| prostatectomy | surgical removal of the prostate
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| pyelogram | radiological record of the kidneys
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| prostatomegaly | enlarged prostate
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| nephropathy | disease of the kidneys
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| cystopexy | surgical fixation of the bladder
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| urethrospasm | contraction of the urethra
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| nephrotic | pertaining to the kidneys
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| acute renal failure | sharp rise in the serum creatine level of 25% or more that may last days or weeks or develop into chronic renal failure
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| bacterial cystitis | inflammation of the bladder due to bacterial infection: also called bladder infection
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| balanoposthitis | inflammatio of the glans penis beneath the foreskin
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| benign prostatic hyperthrophy | enlargement of the prostate gland caused by noncancerous cellular proliferation; also called benign prostatic hyperplasia
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| chronic renal failure | progressive loss of the kidneys effectiveness in excreting waste products and regulating fluid and electrolytes; also called chronic kidney disease
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| chlamydia trachomatis | organism that causes many diseases; including genital infections in men and women
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| cryptorchidism | condition in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum
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| diuresis | abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
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| end-stage renal disease | termination of the kidneys' ability to regulate fluid and electrolytes and excrete wastes, ending in death unless transplantation occurs
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| enuresis | involuntary urination during sleep
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| erectile dysfunction | inability of a man to attain an erection adequate enough to achieve a satisfactory sexual experience; also called impotence
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| fecal incontinence | loss of control over bowel function
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| glomerulonephritis | form of nephritis in which the glomeruli are primarily effected
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| gonorrhea | sexually transmitted infection caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae
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| herpes simplex virus type two | virus that causes repeated eruptions of painful vesicles on the genitals and other mucosal surfaces and on the skin
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| human papilloma virus | genital wort virus that is specific to humans and is a common viral sexually transmitted disease
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| hydronephrosis | stretching of the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction to urinary outflow
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| interstitial cystitis | chronic condition of inflammation of the bladder lining
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| interstitial nephritis | pathologic changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function
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| nephritic syndrome | condition marked by increased glomerular permeability to proteins, resulting in massive proteinurea, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability
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| nephrolithiasis | presence of kidney stones
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| nocturia | excessive need to urinate at night after going to bed
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| orchitis | inflammation of the testicle, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection; also called orchiditis
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| overflow incontinence | ineffective emptying of the bladder caused by nerve damage or other disorders, leading to urine leakage
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| phimosis | stenosis of the foreskin opening so that it cannot be retracted back over the glans penis
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| polycystic kidney disease | any of several hereditary disorders in which cysts form in the kidneys and other organs, eventually destroying kidney tissue and function
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| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate gland
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, usually due to bacterial infection that has ascended from the urinary bladder
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| sexually transmitted disease | any disease that may be acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual; also called venereal disease
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| spermatocele | type of cyst that develops when the tubes that transports sperm become blocked
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| stress incontinence | involuntary urine leakage with physical stress, such as cough or sneeze
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| syphilis | multistage infection typically transmitted through sexual contact caused by the spirochete treponema pallidum
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| total urinary incontinence | continuous and unpredictable loss of urine
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| uremia | inflammation of the urethra
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| urinary retention | retention of urine in the bladder due to an inability to urinate
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| varicocele | presence of enlarged varicose veins within the scrotum
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| wilms tumor | rapidly developing cancerous tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children; also called nephroblastoma
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| ARF | acute renal failure
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| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy; also called benign prostatic hyperplasia
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| BUN | blood urea nitrogen
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| CKD | chronic kidney disease; also called chronic renal failure
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| CRF | chronic renal failure; also called chronic kidney disease
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| DRE | digital rectal examination
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| ED | erectile dysfunction
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| ESRD | end-stage renal disease
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| GFR | glomerular filtration rate
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| HPV | human papilloma virus
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| HSV | herpes simplex virus
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| IVP | intravenous pyelogram
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder
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| pH | parts hydrogen (acidity or alkalinity of a substance)
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| PKD | polcystic kidney disease
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| RP | retrograde pyelogram
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| TSE | testicular self-examination
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| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| UA | urinalysis
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| bladder cancer | most common form of urinary tract cancer. most tumors develop in the bladder lining. incidences increase over the age of 55 and it is 3x more common in men and is more common in Caucasians
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| renal cancer |
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