Chapter 11- The cervical spine
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| What is the primary function of the atlas' two concave facet surfaces? | show 🗑
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| show | Atlanto-occipital joint
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| What is the name of the superior projection of the axis? | show 🗑
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| show | The articulation between the anterior arch of the atlas and the dens
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| show | The vertebral arteries
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| What are the five main ligaments of the cervical spine? | show 🗑
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| show | C5-T1
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| show | Upper (C5 and C6), Middle (C7), Lower (C8 and T1)
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| show | 6. One anterior and one posterior from each trunk
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| What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus? | show 🗑
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| show | Trapezius (upper one-third), Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, and Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)
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| show | Cervical curvature, Position of the head on the shoulders, Bilateral soft tissue comparison, and Level of the shoulders
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| What 7 structures should be palpated on the anterior cervical spine? | show 🗑
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| What 4 structures should be palpated on the posterior and lateral cervical spine? | show 🗑
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| Define hyperreflexia. | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the most superficial passage of the brachial plexus? | show 🗑
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| What three nerve roots of the brachial plexus have reflexes and where can they be tested? | show 🗑
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| What defines a positive Babinski test? | show 🗑
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| show | Upper motor leison, especially in the pyramidal tract, caused by brain or spinal cord trauma or pathology
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| What defines a positive Oppenheim test? | show 🗑
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| show | Upper motor neuron leison caused by brain or spinal cord trauma or pathology
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| show | Pain in the trapezius and deltoid, radiating into the arm.
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| show | Lateral bending of the cervical spine and depression of the opposite shoulder, resulting in tension on the brachial plexus; symptoms occur on the side opposite the lateral bend.
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| What is the MOI for a Brachial plexus compression? | show 🗑
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| What are the pain characteristics for a cervical nerve root compression injury? | show 🗑
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| show | Compression or irritation of the associated nerve root (or roots).
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| show | Pain radiating through the upper arm.
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| What does a positive Brachial plexus traction test implicate? | show 🗑
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| show | The protrusion of a tissue through the wall that normally contains it.
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| show | The state of being freely open.
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| show | An uncontrolled side to side movement of the eyes.
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| show | Decrease in the patient's symptoms secondary to decreased tension on the involved nerve root.
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| show | Herniated disc or nerve root compression.
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| What defines a positive cervical compression test? | show 🗑
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| What does a positive cervical compression test implicate? | show 🗑
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| What defines a positive spurling test? | show 🗑
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| show | Nerve root impingement by narrowing of the neural foramina.
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| What defines a positive cervical distraction test? | show 🗑
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| show | Compression of the cervical facet joints and/or stenosis of the neural foramina.
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| What defines a positive vertebral artery test? | show 🗑
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| show | Occlusion of the cervical vertebral arteries.
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