chapter 4
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| Sons of Liberty | Dressed up as Native Americans and threw 340 chests of tea overboard. The Sons of Liberty protested British activity
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| Loyalists | colonists who sided with Britain in the American Revolution, 20-30% of colonists
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| Declaration of Independence | the document written to declare the colonies free from Britain, main author was Thomas Jefferson, July 4, 1776
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| Stamp Act | (1765) a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents.
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| 1st continental congress | a meeting of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to decide how to respond to the closing of the Boston Harbor, increased taxes, and abuses of authority by the British government. Delegates petitioned King George III..
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| continued.. | listing the freedoms they believed colonists should enjoy. They were deeply troubled about the relationship between Great Britain and the colonies. Boycotted and told colonial militias to prepare for war. Drafted the Declaration of Rights
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| 2nd Continental Congress | a meeting of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to decide how to react to fighting at Lexington and Concord
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| Lexington Start | Think that "Shot Heard Around the World" started Lexington, East of concord 70 militia men waiting, 8 militia men died & 1 British soldier, weren't intentionally trying to start the war
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| Concord | British marched to Concord, concord hid weapons, British burned the building because they were angry = Angry militia, British head back to Boston while minutemen hid along the path, British were easily defeated, Revolution started!
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| Boston Tea Party | a protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped more than 340 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor (1773) 3 ships arrived in Boston harbor where colonists dressed as native Americans threw 340 tea chests ov
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| continued... | 3 ships arrived in Boston Harbor where the Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and threw the tea overboard. This action took 3 hours and had no intention of violence. This was a major act of defiance against the British.
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| Boston Massacre | British officers were guarding a custom house and some kids started taunting the soldiers. The adults joined in and started throwing snowballs. The adults were mad because the British took their jobs. In the confusion a soldier did shoot, killing 5.
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| continued... | The massacre led to stronger boycotts. Used the killings to influence others opinion. Called it slaughter of innocent Americans by British soldiers.
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| Trenton | George Washington decided to attack the Hessians at Trenton New Jersey, Christmas night 1776 Washington crossed the Delaware River and attacked (Battle of Trenton), important patriots victory
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| Valley Forge | located north of Philadelphia, Washington settled his 12,000 soldiers here, no battle took place, always short on food, clothing, and equipment, many soldiers could not bathe, lots got very sick, 2,000 died
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| Saratoga | turning point of the war, British General John Burgoyne wanted to push through New York in order to cut off New England. His plan was to invade Canada, recapture Fort Ticonderoga, and sweep south to Albany. He took Fort Ticonderoga and headed to Albany.
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| Baron Friedrich von Steuben | experienced military officer from Prussia, trained American troops on basic military drills, also taught personal hygiene
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| Marquis de Lafayette | wealthy young Frenchman who sailed to America on his own ship with a group of well- trained soldiers and volunteered to serve in the Continental Army.
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| continued.. | He used much of his own money to support the revolution and wrote letters to powerful friends and family to help the Patriots cause. Also became Washington's right hand man.
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| No Taxation Without representation | many believed that Great Britain had no right to tax the colonies without popular consent. Samuel Adams believed that Parliament could not tax the colonists without their permission. Otis and Adam's ideas were summed up in the slogan.
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| Order events | Boston Massacre, Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere Ride, Lexington, Concord, Declaration of Independence, Trenton, Saratoga, French join war, Yorktown
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| patriots | colonists who chose to fight for independence from Britain
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| minutemen | local militia who were ready to fight in a minutes notice
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| repeal of Townshend acts | repealed to reduce tensions in the colonies
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| Thomas Jefferson | writer of the declaration of independence,
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| Benedict Arnold | sent a force of 400 men to New York during Bunker Hill, general who led troops north into Canada, America's most gifted officer
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| Francis Marion | organized Marion's brigade, patriot, organized an attack to disrupt the British, "Swamp Fox"
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| patriots | supported independence
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| Saratoga | the patriots saw the British coming and blocked their way out, as he neared Saratoga he was surrounded and was forced to surrender, the patriots victory help them receive help from the French, Spanish, and holland
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| common sense | basics, written by Thomas Paine but published anonymously, argued that citizens should make laws not kings/queens, its "common sense" to want to be independent, spoke to the common people, changed the way colonists viewed the king, made a case for
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| continued.. | economic freedom and self defense
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| why British need taxes | The British had won the French and Indian war, but parliament still had to pay for it. To pay for this army the parliament begin to tax the colonists
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| Primary cause of the Revolutionary war | primary cause- violation of citizen's rights/ no say in gov, taxation without representation
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| secondary cause of the Revolutionary war | colonists were not fed up with the British TAXING them as well as many of their rights being overlooked. COLONISTS WANTED INDEPENDENCE!
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| effect of rev war on colonies | colonies gained independence, learned to govern themselves, became independent country
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| effect of rev war on Britain | lost resources, territory, and money
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| effect of rev war on relationships between colonies and Britain | tensions increased, equal power on both sides not one superior than the other
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| when was the declaration signed? | July 4, 1776
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| main idea of declaration | The main purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to announce the colonies separation from England. It also stated the principles that were the foundation for seeking independence.
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| continued... | The Declaration of Independence states that all men are created equal and are entitled to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Job was to protect unalienable rights ^.
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| continued... | If a government becomes corrupt, the people have a right to change or get rid of it and put in place a new government. Governments are given their power by the people they govern ( you cannot rule without the consent of the people.)
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| effect the declaration had on the colonies | gave them independence
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| order of declaration | 1.rights 2. violated rights (grievances) 3. declaring independence
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| why French help | didn't like the British
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| why fighting in west hard | native Americans inhabited the land, lack of troops
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| why Spanish alley | didn't like the British because they had taken their land and they wanted it back so they became allies with the patriots
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| Yorktown | last major battle
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