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Biochemistry, Medicine, Phase 1

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Term
Definition
show a network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cell  
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The cytoskeleton determines   show
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Three classes of protein polymer (or filament)   show
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show microfilaments; composed of actin-binding proteins; comprises 5% total protein  
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show composed of micro-tubule-associated proteins (MAPs)  
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Actin filaments (1)   show
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Actin monomers   show
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Actin filament (2)   show
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Diameter of actin filament   show
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Growth of actin filament   show
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G-actin adds more rapidly to   show
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show (-) end of the filament  
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show when g-actin is ATP bound it can bind to the growing actin filament; not very stable over time; ATP eventually hydrolyses to ADP and will depolarise and come off at the negative end of the filament  
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Cell migration   show
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Major function   show
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Actin-binding proteins   show
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show spectrin; bind to G-actin  
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show geisolin, severin; bind to F-actin  
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Cross-linkingproteins   show
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show prevent filament grown; bind to F-actin  
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show bind to G-actin and prevent its polymerising;  
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Actin-bundling protein   show
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show myosin in muscle; bind to F-actin  
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Side-binding proteins   show
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Intermediate filaments   show
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Intermediate filament network   show
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show used to anchor cells at some cell junctions; support nuclear structure; can act as diagnostic tools to identify foreign cells as they are expressed differently based on their different locations (e.g. cancer)  
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Intermediate filament names by cell type   show
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Mice lack neurofilaments (NF+/-)   show
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Formation of the intermediate filament polymer   show
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show fundamental unit of the intermediary filament; formed from two helical dimers  
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Growth of an intermediate filament   show
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show a protein that binds to intermediary filaments; these molecules link to IFs and to actin filaments and microtubules to form the net-like structure  
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show long, relatively stiff hollow tubes; approximately 25nm; can be rapidly disassembled and reassembled; visible using EM or light microscopy; polar and highly dynamic i  
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show monomer of microtubules; consists of one molecule or alpha and beta-?  
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Alba tubulin   show
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Beta tubulin   show
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show 25nm in diameter; thirteen columns of tubulin polymer  
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Assembly and disassembly of the microtubule   show
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Microtubules are polymerised in   show
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Cell shape and orientation   show
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show Actin filament bundles provide for absorption in the gut byt forming an adhesion belt  
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show contains actin filaments; detect vibration in the cochlea; cells are depolarised or hyperpolarised by deflections caused by sound; actin filaments keep them rigid  
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Shape of axons   show
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show microfilaments provide support; protrusions are activated by cuts and formed by microfilaments allowing them to adhere to one another and form a clot  
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Form meshwork around the cell nucleus hold it into position   show
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Hold synaptic vesicles close to the presynaptic membrane   show
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Organise the ER of a cell   show
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Anchoring cells   show
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Actin-based movement   show
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Event 1 of actin-based movement   show
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show protrusions adhere to the surface on which the cell is moving through contact junctions; F-actin connects to the focal adhesions to provide a contractile force for the cell  
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Event 3 of actin-based movement   show
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Event 4 of actin-based movement   show
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show is a cytoskeletal protein actin projection on the leading edge of the cell; sample the environment; extend and withdraw; generated by rapid growth of actin filaments at the cell membrane; the (+) end of actin filaments are oriented towards the periphery  
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Lamellipodia or filopdia touch down   show
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show motor protein; pull on actin filaments to drag the cell forward; specially myosin II filaments; doesn't stay bound to actin all the time (unusual)  
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Myosin "head region"   show
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show ADP is released from the myosin head and replaced by ATP at which stage the head can detach from the actin filament; the head binds further down the filament  
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Microtubule based movement   show
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Dynein   show
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show involved in the movement of organelles, e.g. synaptic vesicles along axons to synapses; composed of heavy chain (binds to microtubule) and light chain (binds to what needs to be moved)  
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show moves towards (+) ends (cell periphery); stays attached to the microtubule throughout the ATP hydrolysis cycle (unlike mysosin)  
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Dynein   show
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Vesicles move   show
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show e.g. kinesin and dynein; capable of moving great distances along microtubules; stays bound to the microtubule  
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Non-processive motor protein   show
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Involves in separation of chromosomes during cell division (interphase, metaphase, telophase)   show
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show anti-cancer therapeutics; inhibit the function of the mitotic spindle and thus cell division  
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show destabilise microtubules; inhibits microtubule polymerization by binding to tubulin  
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Taxol   show
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show rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane; mutations causes Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy  
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show causes Usher's Syndrome; hereditary deafness and blindness  
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Epidermolysis bullosa symplex   show
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show disease of the intermediate filaments caused my plectin mutations  
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Motor Neuron disease   show
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Microtubules   show
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Tau   show
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Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia   show
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show microtubule severing protein  
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Listeria bacteria   show
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show causes infections of the central nervous system (meningitis, meningoencephalitis, brain abscess, cerebritis) and bacteremia in those who are immunocompromised; from eating contaminated foods  
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