The Age of American Imperialism and America and the Great War
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| Yellow Journalism | Journalism based on sensationalism and crude exaggeration. Widely used by New York newspaper moguls, William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, during the Spanish-American War to sensationalize news to sell more newspapers
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| Open Door Policy | The idea that trade in the country of China would be open to any and all countries on an equal basis.
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| Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. "Fly your flag over as many countries as possible".
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| White-Man's Burden | The white man's responsibility to govern and impart their culture on to non-white people. Rudyard Kipling Poem.
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| Jingoism | Extreme patriotism/nationalism, in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy. Often associated as a cause of the Spanish-American War.
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| Isolationism | A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries
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| Interventionism | A foreign policy associated with the activity to manipulate an economy and politics of another country.
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| Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | Stated that the U.S. government would intervene in the affairs of other nations, particularly in Latin America, to maintain peace and economic security of that region. Often times associated with the United States being an "international police power".
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| Selective Service Act | Authorized the federal government to raise a national army via the compulsory enlistment (draft) of male citizens.
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| Alfred T. Mahan | U.S. Naval admiral and historian that was a huge proponent of sea power in the late 19th century. Wrote Influence of Sea Power Upon History. His ideas influenced the U.S. conquest of Pacific islands as naval refueling stations for our modern Navy.
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| Matthew Perry | 19th Century US naval officer that fought in the Mexican War and began an expedition to Japan for diplomatic relations.
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| Frederick J. Turner | Best known for his concept of the frontier american history. He advocated that the frontier no longer existed and that the United States would need to look outside her borders for new territory.
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| Queen Liliuokalani | Hawaii's first queen and final sovereign ruler before Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898.
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| Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino leader that led the Philippians to achieve independence after fighting off the Spanish and Americans.
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| Theodore Rooosevelt | 26th U.S President, highly remembered for his foreign policy--Big Stick Diplomacy, corporate reforms, conservation, and trust busting.
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| William Randolph Hearst | Published the largest chain of newspapers in late 19th century America, and was associated with yellow journalism.
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| William Seward | New York governor and U.S Senator under Lincoln and Johnson's presidency, most famous for his purchase of Alaska from Russian territory in the 1860's.
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| George Dewey | U.S naval commander that helped acquire the Philippines by defeating the Spanish fleet in Manila.
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| William Taft | 27th U.S president and eventual Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Trust-buster like Teddy Roosevelt, but undid many of TR's progressive reforms.
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| Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary who killed many Americans in Mexico. The United States sent Gen. John J Pershing to capture him but Villa was never caught. His actions lead to tension between the U.S. and Mexico.
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| John J. Pershing | The United States general who led the American army to victory over Germany in WWI.
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| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States who was most known for being a progressive and tried to keep the United States neutral before joining WWI.
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| George Creel | An investigative journalist, the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.
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| Big Four | The four leaders of the Allied powers during WW I, Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France.
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| Sanford B. Dole | American sugar magnate and businessman who promoted the annexation of Hawaii. In 1898, Hawaii became a United States territory and President McKinley appointed him first governor of the territory.
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| Bernard Banich | A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. Manage war production during World War I on the home front.
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| Eugene Debs | Very influential pro-labor man; Led the Pullman Railroad Strike; Later he would found the American Socialist Party and run for the presidency -- while in prison for his socialist tendancies.
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| AEF | The United States Armed Forces sent to Europe under the command of General John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight World War I .
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| Hello Girls | The colloquial name for American bilingual female switchboard operators in World War I, formally known as the Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit. Spoke French and English.
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| China | The "sick-man of Asia"--divided up by the Imperial Powers of the world prior to World War I.
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| No Man's Land | The term used by soldiers to describe the ground between the two opposing trenches during WWI.
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| U-Boats | German submarines used in World War I; they sank many Allied ships around the British Isles. They were responsible for the sinking of the HMS Lusitania and the Sussex.
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| Central Powers | World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
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| Allied Powers | World War I alliance that included Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States and Italy. They opposed the Central Powers.
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| Panama Canal | Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. This was built under the control of President Theodore Roosevelt.
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| Russo-Japanese War | The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. Teddy Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the end of this foreign war.
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| Great White Fleet | The popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, 1907, to February 22, 1909, by order of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.
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| Annexation of Hawaii | The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began with the coup d'état of January 17, 1893 on the island of Oahu, leading to the end of the indigenous, hereditary monarchs and ended with the United States annexing the islands.
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| 1898 Treaty of Paris | Armistice negotiations conducted in Washington, D.C., which, besides ending hostilities, provided that a peace conference be held in Paris to end the Spanish-American War.
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| Sinking of the Lusitania | The Lusitania, a British passenger ship, that was carrying British and Americans was sank by German unrestricted submarine warfare.
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| Zimmerman Telegram | Telegraph from Germany to their embassy in Mexico suggesting that Germany ally with Mexico if Mexico attacked the United States during WWI. This was later intercepted by the U.S. government, and served as a "trigger event" bringing America into the war
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| Kellogg-Brand Act | International agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be" following World War I.
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| Espionage and Sedition Acts | Espionage Act-Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WWI. Sedition Act added to Espionage Act, this act deemed speech against the American government as criminal and worthy of prosecution.
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| Treaty of Versailles | Peace treaty ending the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Interestingly, the United States did not ratify this treaty, but negotiated their own peace treaty with Germany.
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| League of Nations | An intergovernmental organization founded on January 10, 1920 as a result of the Paris of Peace Conference that ended the First World War. Considered the 14th and most important point of President Wilson's Fourteen Points.
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| Platt Amendment | U.S. Congress adopted this bill stating that the Cuban Constitution must allow the United States the "right to intervene in Cuban affairs" and forced Cuba to lease land to the U.S.--such as Guantanamo Bay and coaling stations.
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| Teller Amendment | An amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress declaring war against Spain. Stated that once Cuba freed itself from Spanish control, the U.S. would leave control of the island to the people of Cuba.
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| Yellow Fever | Killed thousands of men during the Spanish-American War and the construction of the Panama Canal--eventually traced back to mosquitoes.
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| Schenk vs. United States | Leader of the American Socialist Party imprisoned after the Supreme Court upholds the Espionage and Sedition Acts finding this man guilty of violation of said acts for passing out flyers urging men to oppose the draft. Clear and Present Danger Test
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| Mobilization | The act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war.
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| "Over There" | A patriotic song popular with United States soldiers in both world wars. The Yanks are Coming . . .
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| Sussex Pledge | Promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to U.S. entry into the war to stop unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany would eventually violate this promise. One of the reasons for America entering World War I.
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| "Peace Without Victory Speech" | U.S. President Woodrow Wilson addressed the Senate - a little more than two months before the U.S. entered the war against Germany - and appealed for a settlement of the conflict in Europe on the basis of peace--famous speech!
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| War Industries Board | A United States government agency established during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies.
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| Volstead Act | Law that was enacted to carry out the intent of the Eighteenth Amendment, which established prohibition in the United States.
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| "He Kept Us Out of War" | Woodrow Wilson's reelection slogan for the election of 1916 to appeal to isolationists.
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| Wilson's Fourteen Points | President Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace. These points were later taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the Treaty of Versailles that determined the peace settlement in Europe after World War I.
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| War Reparations | Payments intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war.
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| Spanish Flu Epidemic/Influenza | Epidemic that swept the world in 1918 killing an estimated 50 million people. One fifth of the world's population was attacked by this deadly virus. Killed tens of thousands of soldiers and citizens in the United States.
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| General Valeriano Weyler "The Butcher" | Spanish general, who oppressed the Cubans, used concentration camps, and forced relocation of Cuban people to put down the Cuban independence movement. Portrayed as a savage in yellow-journalistic papers of the U.S.
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