WVSOM -- Control of Ventilation
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| How will arterial PO2 change in hypoventilation? | will go down
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| How will arterial Pco2 change in hypoventilation? | go up
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| How will arterial pH change in hypoventilation? | go down
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| What does ventilatory contol do? | maintains arterial PO2 and Pco2 in the face of changing demands
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| How is the respiratory system controlled? | thru negative feedback
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| What is the regulated variable in the respiratory control system? | arterial Pco2
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| What is the sensor in the negative feedback look for respiratory control? | chemoreceptors
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| What is the effector in the negative feedback look for respiratory control? | respiratory muscles
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| What are the 3 basic elements of the respiratory control system? | respiratory muscles, arterial Pco2 and chemoreceptors
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| Where is the respiratory control center controlled? | pons and medulla
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| What are the two basic roles of the respiratory control center? | integration and pattern generation
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| What can voluntarily override the medulla and pons? | the cortex by voluntary override and the hypothalums/limbic system with emotional changes
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| What does the Pons and medulla integrate? | chemoreceptors, lung receptors and the cortex/hypothalamus/limbic system
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| What are the three main collections of neurons that control inspiration and expiration? | pneumotaxicc center, apneustic area and medullary respiratory center
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| What does the pneumotaxic center do? | fine tuning
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| What does the apneustic area do? | prologns inspiration
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| What does the medullary respiratory center do? | respiratory pattern.
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| What are the two main groups of neurons in the medullary respiratory center? | dorsal respirtatory group and ventral respiratory group
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| What do the dorsal respiratory group do? | mainly inspiration
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| What does the ventral respiratory group do? | mainly expiration
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| Where is the pneumotaxic center at? | pons
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| Where is the apneustic area located? | lower pons
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| What synchronizes onset of inspiration and expiration? | integrator neurons
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| What lung receptors promote expiration? | lung stretch receptors
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| What receptors promote inspiration? | irritant
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| What do C-fibers do? | dectect inflammation and cause rapid, shallow breathing
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| Where are C-fibers? | bronchi
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| What do J receptors do? | dectect interstitial edema and promote rapid shallow breathing. Located in alveoli
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| Why are J receptors called J receptors? | they are close to junxtacapillaries
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| What are the 2 groups of chemo receptors? | central and peripheral
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| What is the primary chemo receptor? | central
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| Where is the central chemocreceptors? | medulla
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| Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors? | carotid and aortic
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| What do central chemoreceptors respond to? | pH of the CSF which is dependent on arterial Pco2
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| What do peripheral chemoreceptors mediate? | ventilatory response to hypoxia as well as respond ot arterial Pco2 and pH
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| What is the most important parameter controlling ventilation? | arterial co2
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| How much of an increase does it take in Paco2 to double ventilation? | 2mmHg
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| How much PaO2 must be reduced for a significant increase in ventilation? | <50mmHg
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| What decreases sensitivity to arterial Pco2? | sleep, COPD and depressant drugs
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| What is the main chemoreceptor to drive breathing in severe COPD? | peripheral
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| Which chemoreceptors respond faster? | peripheral
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| What chemoreceptor gives most of the response? | central chemoreceptors. Peripheral chemoreceptors provide only 20%
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| Why do peripheral chemoreceptors respond faster? | they sense the blood first
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| Decreased areterial PO2 is detected by which receptors? | peripheral chemoreceptors
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| Explain Cheyne-Stokes respiration? | There is hyperventilation from stimulation of J receptor stimulation because of hypoxemia. Then there is a decreased Paco2 which causes apnea
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| Which chemorecpetors are important in the ventilatory response to hypoxia? | peripheral
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Created by:
tjamrose
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