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Respiratory Phys 8
WVSOM -- Control of Ventilation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How will arterial PO2 change in hypoventilation? | will go down |
| How will arterial Pco2 change in hypoventilation? | go up |
| How will arterial pH change in hypoventilation? | go down |
| What does ventilatory contol do? | maintains arterial PO2 and Pco2 in the face of changing demands |
| How is the respiratory system controlled? | thru negative feedback |
| What is the regulated variable in the respiratory control system? | arterial Pco2 |
| What is the sensor in the negative feedback look for respiratory control? | chemoreceptors |
| What is the effector in the negative feedback look for respiratory control? | respiratory muscles |
| What are the 3 basic elements of the respiratory control system? | respiratory muscles, arterial Pco2 and chemoreceptors |
| Where is the respiratory control center controlled? | pons and medulla |
| What are the two basic roles of the respiratory control center? | integration and pattern generation |
| What can voluntarily override the medulla and pons? | the cortex by voluntary override and the hypothalums/limbic system with emotional changes |
| What does the Pons and medulla integrate? | chemoreceptors, lung receptors and the cortex/hypothalamus/limbic system |
| What are the three main collections of neurons that control inspiration and expiration? | pneumotaxicc center, apneustic area and medullary respiratory center |
| What does the pneumotaxic center do? | fine tuning |
| What does the apneustic area do? | prologns inspiration |
| What does the medullary respiratory center do? | respiratory pattern. |
| What are the two main groups of neurons in the medullary respiratory center? | dorsal respirtatory group and ventral respiratory group |
| What do the dorsal respiratory group do? | mainly inspiration |
| What does the ventral respiratory group do? | mainly expiration |
| Where is the pneumotaxic center at? | pons |
| Where is the apneustic area located? | lower pons |
| What synchronizes onset of inspiration and expiration? | integrator neurons |
| What lung receptors promote expiration? | lung stretch receptors |
| What receptors promote inspiration? | irritant |
| What do C-fibers do? | dectect inflammation and cause rapid, shallow breathing |
| Where are C-fibers? | bronchi |
| What do J receptors do? | dectect interstitial edema and promote rapid shallow breathing. Located in alveoli |
| Why are J receptors called J receptors? | they are close to junxtacapillaries |
| What are the 2 groups of chemo receptors? | central and peripheral |
| What is the primary chemo receptor? | central |
| Where is the central chemocreceptors? | medulla |
| Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors? | carotid and aortic |
| What do central chemoreceptors respond to? | pH of the CSF which is dependent on arterial Pco2 |
| What do peripheral chemoreceptors mediate? | ventilatory response to hypoxia as well as respond ot arterial Pco2 and pH |
| What is the most important parameter controlling ventilation? | arterial co2 |
| How much of an increase does it take in Paco2 to double ventilation? | 2mmHg |
| How much PaO2 must be reduced for a significant increase in ventilation? | <50mmHg |
| What decreases sensitivity to arterial Pco2? | sleep, COPD and depressant drugs |
| What is the main chemoreceptor to drive breathing in severe COPD? | peripheral |
| Which chemoreceptors respond faster? | peripheral |
| What chemoreceptor gives most of the response? | central chemoreceptors. Peripheral chemoreceptors provide only 20% |
| Why do peripheral chemoreceptors respond faster? | they sense the blood first |
| Decreased areterial PO2 is detected by which receptors? | peripheral chemoreceptors |
| Explain Cheyne-Stokes respiration? | There is hyperventilation from stimulation of J receptor stimulation because of hypoxemia. Then there is a decreased Paco2 which causes apnea |
| Which chemorecpetors are important in the ventilatory response to hypoxia? | peripheral |
Created by:
tjamrose
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