Histology ASCP Special Stains
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| Substances attracting basic dyes | Basophillic
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| Substances attracting acid dyes | Acidophillic
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| A group that confers the property of color | Chromophore
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| A benzene derivative containing chromophoric groups | Chromogen
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| Ionizing group required to enable the dye to link firmly to tissue | Auxochrome
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| A basic dye in which the charge on the dye ion is postive | Cationic dyes
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| An acidic dye with a negative charge | Anionic dyes
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| Progressive staining | Once desired intensity of color is achieved, the reaction is stopped
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| Substances or metals that act as a link between dye and tissue | Mordant
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| Regressive staining | The tissue is overstained and then differentiated, or decolorized, until only the desired element is left stained.
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| Basic, or cationic dyes, are differentiated by: | Weak acid solutions
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| Acidic, or anionic dyes, are differentiated by: | Weak alkaline solutions
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| Reagents: Hematoxylin, Ethanol, Ammonium Alumnium Sulfate, Distilled Water, Mercuric Oxide | Harris Hematoxylin
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| Mordant: Aluminum Ripener: Sodium Iodate | Harris Hematoxylin, Mayer Hematoxylin, Ehrlich Hematoxylin, Gill Hematoxylin
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| Reagents: Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate, Distilled Water, Hematoxylin, 95% Alcohol, Glycerol | Delafield Hematoxylin
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| Mordant: Aluminum Ripner: Light and air | Delafield Hematoxylin, Ehrlich Hematoxylin
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| Reagents: Hematoxylin, Distilled Water, Sodium Iodate, Ammonium or potassium Aluminum Sulfate, citric Acid, chloral Hydrate | Mayer Hematoxylin
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| Reagents: Hematoxylin, 95% Alcohol, Distilled Water, Glycerol, Ammonium or Potassium Aluminum Sulfate, Glacial Acetic Acid | Ehrlich Hematoxylin
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| Reagents: Distilled Water, Ehtylene Glycol, Hematoxylin, Sodium Iodate, Aluminum Sulfate, Glacial Acetic Acid | Gill Hematoxylin
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| Mucin, especially goblet cells, will be stained by which hematoxylin | Gill Hematoxylin
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| Reagents: Ferric Chloride, Distilled Water, Hydrochloric Acid, Hematoxylin, 95% Alcohol | Weigert Hematoxylin
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| Mordant and oxidizer: Ferric Chloride | Weigert Hematoxylin
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| Hematoxylin substitute | Celestine Blue
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| Bluing agent | Scott Solution
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| Fixatives that cause loss of basophilia | Bouin, Zenker or unbuffered formalin solutions.
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| Demonstration of DNA | Feulgen Reaction
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| Any fixative but Bouin | Feulgen Reaction
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| Reagents: Hydrochloric Acid, Schiff Reagent, Sulfurous Acid | Feulgen Reaction
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| DNA: Reddish Purple Cytoplasm (if counterstained): Light Green | Feulgen Reaction
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| Differentiation between DNA and RNA | Methyl Green-Pyronin Y
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| 10% NFB preferred. B5, Helly or Zenker satisfactory. | Methyl Green-Pyronin Y
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| Reagents: Acetic Acid, Sodium Acetate, Methyl Green Staining Solution, Methyl Green-Pyronin Y Staining Solution | Methyl Green-Pyronin Y
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| DNA: Green to blue-green RNA: Red to rose Goblet Cells: Mint green Background: Pale pink to colorless Immunoblast and plasma cell cytoplasm: Intense Red Nuclei Green to blue-green | Methyl Green-Pyronin Y
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| Process in which a dye forms other dyes spontaneously | Polychroming
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| Differentiation of cells present in hematopoietic tissue. | May-Grunwald Giemsa
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| Demonstration of microorganisms | May-Grunwald Giemsa
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| Zenker or B5 preferred. 10% NBF satisfactory. | May-Grunwald Giemsa
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| Control: Spleen | May-Grunwald Giemsa
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| Jenner Solution, Giemsa Solution, Acetic Water | May-Grunwald Giemsa
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| Nuceli: Blue Cytoplasm of leukocytes: Pink, gray or blue Bacteria: Blue | May-Grunwald Giemsa
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| Demonstration of polysaccharides, neutral mucosubstances and basement membranes | PAS
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| 10% NBF or Bouin | PAS, Alcian Blue pH 2.5, Alcian Blue pH 1.0
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| Control: Kidney | PAS, Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin, Periodic Acid-Methenamine Silver
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| Reagents: Periodic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Potassium Metabisulfite, Schiffs | PAS
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| Glycogen, neutral mucosubstances, certain epithelial sulfomucins and sialomucins, colloid material of the thyroid and pars intermedia of the pituitary, basement membranes and fungal walls: Bright Rose | PAS
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| Demonstration of Glycogen | PAS D, Best Carmine
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| 10% NBF, formalin alcohol or absolute alcohol | PAS D
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| Control: Liver | PAS D, Best Carmine, Gomori Stain, Gordon and Sweets
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| Reagents: Periodic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Schiffs, Potassium Metabisulfite, Malt Diastase, Phosphate Buffer | PAS D
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| Glycogen: Bright Rose | PAS D
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| Absolute Alcohol preferred. Carnoy and Bouin satisfactory. | Best Carmine
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| Reagents: Carmine, Ammonium Hydroxide, Methanol | Best Carmine
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| Glycogen: Pink to red Nuclei: Blue | Best Carmine
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| Demonstration of epithelial mucin | Mayer Mucicarmine
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| Control: Unautolyzed colon, small intestine or appendix. | Mayer Mucicarmine, Alcian Blue pH 2.5, Alcian Blue pH 1.0, Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron
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| Reagents: Mucicarmine, Weigert Hematoxylin, Metanil Yellow | Mayer Mucicarmine
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| Mucin: Deep rose to red Capsule of cryptococcus: Deep rose to red Nuclei: Black Other: Blue or yellow | Mayer Mucicarmine
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| Demonstration of acid mucopolysaccharides | Alcian Blue pH 2.5
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| Reagents: Acetic Acid, Alcian Blue, Nuclear Fast Red | Alcian Blue pH 2.5
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| Sulfated Mucosubstances: Dark Blue Hyaluronic Acid: Dark Blue Sialomucins: Dark Blue Background: Pink to red Nuclei: Red | Alcian Blue pH 2.5
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| Demonstration of sulfated mucosubstances | Alcian Blue pH 1.0
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| Reagents: Hydrochloric Acid, Alcian Blue, Nuclear Fast Red | Alcian Blue pH 1.0
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| Sulfated mucosubstances: Pale blue Background: Pink to red Nuclei: Red | Alcian Blue pH 1.0
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| Differentiation of epithelial and connective tissue mucins | Alcian Blue with Hyaluronidase
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| Control: Umbilical cord | Alcian Blue with Hyaluronidase
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| Reagents: Potassium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate, Hyaluronidase Digestion Solution, Alcian Blue, Nuclear Fast Red | Alcian Blue with Hyaluronidase
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| Without digestion: acid mucopolysaccharides and sialomucins: Deep Blue With digestion: mucosubstances containing hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfates: Marked loss of staining | Alcian Blue with Hyaluronidase
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| Differentiation between neutral and acidic mucosubstances | Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| 10% NBF or Zenker | Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin, Verhoeff
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| Reagents; Acetic Acid, Alcian Blue,Periodic Acid, Sodium Metabisulfite | Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Acid mucosubstances: Blue Neutral polysaccharides: Magenta Certain substances will be purple | Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Demonstration of carboxylated and sulfated mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins | Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron
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| Chemical reaction to demonstrate iron bound to tissue | Prussian Blue
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| 10% NBF, Carnoy Solution or alcoholic formalin | Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron
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| Avoid chromate fixatives | Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron, Gomori Aldehyde Fuchsin
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| Reagents: Ferric chloride, Muller Colloidal Iron, Potassium Ferrocyanide, Hydrochloric Acid, Acetic Acid, Nuclear Fast Red | Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron
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| Acid mucopolysaccharides and sialomucins: Deep blue Nuclei: Pink-red Cytoplasm: Pink | Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron
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| Demonstration of Cryptococcus: | Mayer Mucicarmine, Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron, Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Demonstration of Amyloid | Congo Red, Crystal Violet, Thioflavine T
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| Alcohol or Carnoy is preferred. 10% NBF, Bouin or Zenker satisfactory. | Congo Red
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| Control: Sections containing amyloid | Congo Red, Crystal Violet, Thioflavine T
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| Reagents; 80% Alcohol saturated with Sodium Chloride, Alkaline salt solution, Congo Red | Congo Red
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| Amyloid: Deep pink to red Elastic tissue: Pale Pink Nuclei: Blue | Congo Red
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| Birefringent bright apple green | Congo Red
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| 10% NBF or alcohol. | Crystal Violet, Prussian Blue Stain, Turnbull Blue, Von Kossa
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| Amyloid: Purplish Violet Other: Blue | Crystal Violet
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| Reagents: Thioflavine T, Acetic Acid, Mayer Hematoxylin | Thioflavin T
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| Amyloid: flouresces to yellow-green | Thioflavine T
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| Differentiate between collagen and smooth muscle | Masson Trichrome, Gomori 1-Step Trichrome
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| Bouin is preferred. 10% NBF satisfactory. | Masson Trichrome
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| Internal Control | Masson Trichrome, Gomori 1-Step Trichrome, Van Gieson Picric Acid-Acid Fuchsin, Oil Red O, Sudan Black B, Osmium Tetroxide
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| Reagents: Bouin, Weigert Iron Hematoxylin, Biebrich Scarlet-Acid Fuchsin, Phsophomolybdic/Phosphotungstic Acid, Aniline Blue, Acetic Acid | Masson Trichrome
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| Nuclei: Black Cytoplasm, keratin, muscle fibers; Red Collagen and Mucin: Blue | Masson Trichrome
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| Any well fixed tissue. | Gomori 1-Step Trichrome, Van Gieson Picric Acid-Acid Fuchsin
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| Bouin used as a mordant to intensify color reactions. | Gomori 1-Step Trichrome
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| Reagents: Bouin, Weigert Iron Hematoxylin, Gomori Trichrome, Acetic Acid | Gomori 1-Step Trichrome
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| Nuclei: Black Cytoplasm, keratin, muscle fibers: Red Collagen and mucin: Green or blue | Gomori 1-Step Trichrome
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| Considered primary connective tissue stain, rarely used, except as counterstain. | Van Gieson
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| Demonstration of connective tissue | Van Gieson Picric Acid-Acid Fuchsin
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| Weigert Iron Hematoxylin, Acid Fuchsin, Picric Acid, van Gieson | Van Gieson Picric Acid-Acid Fuchsin
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| Nuclei: Black Collagen: Brilliant Red Muscle and Cytoplasm: Yellow | Van Gieson Picric Acid-Acid Fuchsin
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| Demonstration of elastic fibers | Verhoeff, Gomori Aldehyde Fuchsin, Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Reagents: Lugol Iodine, Ferric Chloride, Alcoholic Hematoxylin, Verhoeff, van Gieson, Sodium Thiosulfate | Verhoeff
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| Elastic = Blue-black to black Nuclei = Blue to black Collagen = Red Other = Yellow | Verhoeff
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| Control: Aorta or muscular artery | Verhoeff, Gomori Aldehyde Fuchsin
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| Elastic Fibers = Deep blue to purple Other = Green | Gomori Aldehyde Fuchsin
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| Reagents: Aldehyde Fuchsin, Light Green | Gomori Aldehyde Fuchsin
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| Demonstration of mucin | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Demonstration of fibrin | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain, Mallory PTAH
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| Demonstration of muscle | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Demonstration of collagen | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Control: Lung, skin or colon | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Reagents: Alcian Blue, Alkaline Alcohol, Iodine-Iodide, Absolute Alcoholic Hematoxylin, Ferric Chloride, Sodium Thiosulfate, Crocein Scarlet-Acid Fuchsin, Phosphotungstic Acid, Alcoholic Safran | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Nuclei = black Elastic fibers = black Ground substance and mucin = Blue Collagen = Yellow Fibrinoid, fibrin = Intense Red Muscle = Red | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Cryptococcus = Bright Blue | Russell Modification of the Movat Pentachrome Stain
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| Metallic impregnation step | Sensitization
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| Reduction step in silver impregnation | Developing
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| When bound metallic silver is treated with gold chloride and the color of the impregnated component is changed from brown to black | Toning
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| Most frequently used oxidizers | Phosphomolybdic acid, potassium permanganate and periodic acid
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| Demonstration of reticular fibers | Gomori Stain, Gordon and Sweets
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| Potassium permanganate is oxidizer | Gomori Stain, Gordon and Sweets
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| Ferric ammonium sulfate is sensitizer | Gomori Stain, Gordon and Sweets
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| Reducer in all reticular fiber silver methods | Formaldehyde
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| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Potassium Hydroxide, Ammoniacal Silver, Potassium Permanganate, Potassium Metabisulfite, Ferric Ammonium Sulfate, Formalin, Gold Chloride, Sodium Thiosulfate, Nuclear Fast Red | Gomori Stain
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| Reticulin = Black Collagen = Taupe Other = Counterstain method dependent | Gomori Stain
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| Demonstration of muscle cross-striations | Mallory PTAH
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| Demonstration of glial fibers | Mallory PTAH, Holzer Method
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| Demonstration of myelin | Mallory PTAH, Weil Method
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| Zenker is preferred. 10% NBF is satisfactory. | Mallory PTAH
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| Control: skeletal or cardiac muscle | Mallory PTAH
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| Control: Section containing fibrin | Mallory PTAH
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| Reagents: PTAH (Hematoxylin, Phosphotungstic acid), Gram Iodine, Sodium Thiosfulfate, Potassium Permanganate, Oxalic Acid | Mallory PTAH
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| Cross striations, fibrin = Blue Nuclei = Blue Collagen = Red-brown | Mallory PTAH
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| Demonstration of basement membranes | PAS, Periodic Acid-Methenamine Silver, Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Avoid mercuric fixatives | Periodic Acid-Methenamine Silver
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| Reagents: Methenamine Silver, Borax, Periodic Acid, Sodium Thiosulfate, Gold Chloride, Light Green | Periodic Acid-Methenamine Silver
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| Basement membranes = Black Background = Green | Periodic Acid-Methenamine Silver
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| Demonstration of Lipids | Oil Red O, Sudan Black B, Osmium Tetroxide
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| 10% NBF or calcium-formalin | Oil Red O, Sudan Black B
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| Use frozen sections | Oil Red O, Sudan Black B, Cajal Stain
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| Reagents: Oil Red O (Isopropanol and water) | Oil Red O
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| Fat = Red Other - Dependent on method | Oil Red O
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| Avoid alcoholic fixatives | Oil Red O, Sudan Black B, Fontana Masson
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| Reagents: Calcium Formalin, Sudan Black B (propylene glycol) | Sudan Black B
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| Fat = Blue-black Nuclei = Red | Sudan Black B
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| Reagents: Osmium Tetroxide, Periodic Acid | Osmium Tetroxide
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| Fat = Black Other Dependent on method | Osmium Tetroxide
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| Demonstration of mast cells | Methyl Green Pyronin Y, Toluidine Blue, Ziehl-Neelsen Method
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| When tissue stains a different color from the dye solution and the rest of the tissue | Metachromatic
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| Color shift | Metachromasia
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| Control: Section containing mast cells | Methyl Green Pyronin Y, Toluidine Blue, Ziehl-Neelsen Method
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| Reagents: Toluidine Blue, water | Toluidine Blue
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| Mast cells = Deep rose-violet Background = Blue | Toluidine Blue
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| Mast cells = orange-red | Methyl Green Pyronin Y
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| Demonstration of Nissl substance | Cresyl Echt Violet
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| Loss of Nissl substance | chromatolysis
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| Control: Spinal cord | Cresyl Echt Violet, Weil Method, Luxol Fast Blue
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| Reagents: Cresyl Echt Violet, Balsam-Xyelene | Cresyl Echt Violet
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| Nissl Substance = Blue to purple Nuclei = Blue to purple Background = colorless | Cresyl Echt Violet
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| Demonstration of nerve fibers, nerve endings and neurofibrils | Bodian Method, Holmes Silver Nitrate Method, Bielschowsky-PAS, Churukian Bielschowsky, Sevier-Munger, Thioflavin S
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| When an axon is severely or irreversibly injured, all of the axon distal to the injury disappears along with its myelin sheath | Wallerian degeneration
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| Control: peripheral nerve | Bodian Method
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| Reagents: Protargol, Reducing Solution (Hydroquinone, Formaldehyde), Gold Chloride, Oxalic Acid, Sodium Thiosulfate, Aqua Regia (Hydrochloric acid and Nitric Acid), Aniline Blue | Bodian Method
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| Nerve Fibers = Black Nuclei = Black Background = Light gray or blue | Bodian Method
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| Control: Cerebral cortex | Bodian Method, Holmes Silver Nitrate Method, Mallory PTAH, Holzer Method, Cajal Stain
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| Reagents: Impregnating Solution (Aqueous Silver Nitrate, Boric Acid, Borax, Pyridine), Reducing Solution (Hydroquinone, Sodium Sulfite Crystals), Gold Chloride, Oxalic Acid, Sodium Thiosulfate | Holmes Silver Nitrate Method
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| Axons and nerve fibers = Black Neurofibrils = Black | Holmes Silver Nitrate Method
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| Demonstration of senile plaques | Bielschowsky-PAS, Churukian Bielschowsky, Sevier-Munger, Thioflavin S, Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Control: CNS | Bielschowsky-PAS, Churukian Bielschowsky, Sevier-Munger, Thioflavin S
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| Reagents: Aqueous Silver Nitrate, Ammonialcal Silver, Developer (Formaldehyde, Nitric Acid, Citric Acid), Gold Chloride, Sodium Thiosulfate, Periodic Acid, Schiffs | Bielschowsky-PAS
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| Neurofibrillary tangles = Dark Black Peripheral neurites of neuritic plaques = Dark Black Axons = Black Amyloid (plaque cores and vascular) = Magenta Lipofuchsin = Magenta | Bielschowsky-PAS
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| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Nitric Acid, Developer (Formaldehyde, Citric Acid, Nitric Acid), Ammonium Hydroxide, Sodium Thiosulfate | Churukian Bielschowsky
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| Axons = Brown to black Cytoplasmic neurofibrils = Brown to Black Neurofibrillary tangles and plaques = Dark brown or black Neuromelanin = Black Lipofuchsin = Brown or black Background = Yellow | Churukian Bielschowsky
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| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Formalin, Sodium Carbonate, Ammoniacal Silver, Sodium Thiosulfate | Sevier-Munger
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| Nerve endings and neurofibrils = Black Neurofibrillary tangles and periphera neurites of neuritic palques = Black Background = Yellow | Sevier-Munger
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| Reagents: Potassium permanganate, Potassium Metabisulfite-Oxalic Acid, Sodium Hydroxide-Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, Acetic Acid, Thioflavin S in 50% Alcohol | Thioflavin S
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| Neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaque neurites, neuropil threads, senile plaque amyloid and cerebrovascular amyloid = Bright green Diffuse plaques and extracellular tangles = Paler yellow green PSP tangles and Pick bodies = Not well demonstrated | Thioflavin S
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| Birefringent stains | Congo Red, Thioflavin T, Thioflavin S, Auramine-Rhodamine, Alizarin Red S
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| Glial Fibers = Blue Nuclei = Blue Neurons = Salmon Myelin = Blue | Mallory PTAH
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| Reagents: Aqueous Phosphomolybdic Acid, 95% Alcohol, Chloroform, Potassium Bromide, Crystal Violet, Differentiating Solution (Aniline Oil, Chloroform) | Holzer Method
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| Glial Fibers = Blue Background = Very pale blue to colorless | Holzer Method
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| Demonstration of astrocytes | Cajal Stain
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| Reagents: Formalin Ammonium Bromide, Gold Sublimate, Sodium Thiosulfate | Cajal Stain
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| Astrocytes with pervascular feet = Black Background = Magenta to purple | Cajal Stain
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| Demonstration of myelin sheath | Weil Method, Luxol Fast Blue, Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Control = Medulla | Weil Method, Luxol Fast Blue
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| Reagents: Ferric Ammonium Sulfate, Alcoholic Hematoxylin, Differentiating Solution (Sodium Borate, Potassium Ferricyanide) | Weil Method
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| Myelin Sheath = Blue to blue-black Background = Light tan | Weil Method
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| Reagents: Luxol Fast Blue, Lithium Carbonate, 70% Alcohol | Luxol Fast Blue
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| Myelin = Blue to blue-green Background = Colorless | Luxol Fast Blue
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| Myelin = Blue Nissl substance = Violet Nuclei = Violet | Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Echt Violet Stain
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| Myelin Sheaths = Blue to green Axons and nerve fibers = Black | Luxol Fast Blue-Holmes Silver Nitrate Method
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| Demonstration of fungi | Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin, Hotchkiss-McManus PAS (PAS F), Chromic Acid-Schiff (CAS), Gridley, Grocott-Methenamine Silver Nitrate (GMS)
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| Demonstration of corpora amylacea | Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Reagents: Luxol Fast Blue, Lithium Carbonate, Schiffs, Periodic Acid, Harris Hematoxylin | Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Capillary basement membranes = Rose Fungi = Rose Corpora amylacea = Rose Senile plaques = Rose Myelin sheath = Blue to blue-green Nuclei = Purple | Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin
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| Demonstration of acid-fast mycobacteria | Kinyoun, Ziehl-Neelsen Method,
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| Avoid Carnoy Solution | Kinyoun, Ziehl-Neelsen Method, Fite
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| Control: Tissue containing acid-fast organisms | Kinyoun, Ziehl-Neelsen Method, Auramine-Rhodamine
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| Reagents: Kinyoun Carbol-Fuchsin, Acid Alcohol, Methylene Blue | Kinyoun
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| Acid fast bacteria = Bright Red Background = Light Blue | Kinyoun, Ziehl-Neelsen Method
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| Use Millipore-filtered water in water bath | Kinyoun, Ziehl-Neelsen Method, Fite, Auramine-Rhodamine
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| Reagents: Ziehl-Neelsen Carbol-Fuchsin, Acid Alcohol, Methylene Blue | Ziehl-Neelsen Method
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| Mycobacterium avium intracellulare = Pink Erythrocytes = Pink Mast Cells = Blue Other = Pale Blue | Churukian Ziehl-Neelsen Method
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| Demonstration of Mycobacterium leprae | Fite
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| Control: Tissue containing leprosy organisms | Fite
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| Reagents = Xylene-Peanut Oil Solution, Acid Alcohol, Ziehl-Neelsen Carbol-Fuchsin Solution, Methylene Blue | Fite
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| M leprae = Bright Red Other acid fast organisms = Bright Red Background = Light Blue | Fite
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|
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| Demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Auramine-Rhodamine
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|
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| Reagents: Auramine O-Rhodamine B solution, Acid Alcohol, Eriochrome Black T | Auramine-Rhodamine
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|
||||
| Acid Fast Organisms = Reddish-yellow flourescence Background = Black | Auramine-Rhodamine
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|
||||
| Demonstration of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria | Gram
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| Control: Tissue containing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria | Gram
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| Reagents: Crystal Violet, Gram Iodine, Basic Fuchsin, Gallego Solution, Picric Acid-Acetone | Gram
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|
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| Gram positive = Blue Gram negative = Red Nuclei = Light Red Background = Yellow | Gram
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|
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| Demonstration of H. Pylori | Diff-Quik Giemsa, Alcian Yellow-Toluidine Blue Method, Warthin-Starry, Steiner and Steiner
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|
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| Control: Sections containing H. Pylori | Diff-Quik Giemsa, Alcian Yellow-Toluidine Blue Method, Warthin-Starry, Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Diff Quik, Acetic Acid Water | Diff-Quik Giemsa
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|
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| H Pylori = Dark Blue Other bacteria = Blue Nuclei = Dark Blue Cytoplasm = Pink | Diff-Quik Giemsa
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|
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| Reagents: Periodic Acid, Alcian Yellow, Sodium Metabisulfite, Toluidine Blue | Alcian Yellow-Toluidine Blue Method
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|
||||
| H Pylori = Blue Mucin = Yellow Background = Pale Blue | Alcian Yellow-Toluidine Blue Method
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|
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| 10% NBF, Bouin or Zenker. | Hotchkiss-McManus PAS (PAS F)
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|
||||
| Control: Section containing fungi | Hotchkiss-McManus PAS (PAS F), Chromic Acid-Schiff (CAS), Gridley, Grocott-Methenamine Silver Nitrate (GMS)
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Periodic Acid, Schiffs, Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Metabisulfite, Sulfurous Acid Rinse, Fast Green | Hotchkiss-McManus PAS (PAS F)
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|
||||
| Fungi = Rose Background = Green | Hotchkiss-McManus PAS (PAS F)
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|
||||
| Reagents: Chromic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Schiffs, Sulfurous Acid Rinse, Fast Green | Chromic Acid-Schiff (CAS)
🗑
|
||||
| Fungi = Deep Rose to purple Nuceli = Blue Background = Green | Chromic Acid-Schiff (CAS)
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Chromic Acid, Schiffs, Aldehyde Fucchsin, Metanil Yellow | Gridley
🗑
|
||||
| Mycelia = Deep purple Conidia = Deep rose to purple Elastic Fibers and mucin = Deep Purple Background = Yellow | Gridley
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Pneumocystic jirovecii | Grocott-Methenamine Silver Nitrate (GMS)
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Chromic Acid, Silver Nitrate, Methenamine, Borax, sodium Bisulfite, Gold Chloride, Sodium Thiosfulfate, Light Green | Grocott-Methenamine Silver Nitrate (GMS)
🗑
|
||||
| Fungi = Black Mucin = Taupe to dark gray Background = Green | Grocott-Methenamine Silver Nitrate (GMS)
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of spirochetes | Warthin-Starry, Dieterle Method, Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing spirochetes | Warthin-Starry, Dieterle, Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Citric Acid, Acidulated Water, Silver Nitrate 1%(Developer), Silver Nitrate 2% (Impregnation), Developer (Gelatin, Hydroquinone) | Warthin-Starry
🗑
|
||||
| Spirochetes = Black Other bacteria = Black Background = Pale yellow to light brown | Warthin-Starry
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of legionella organisms | Dieterle Method, Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Alcoholic Uranyl Nitrate, Alcoholic Gum Mastic, Silver Nitrate, Developer (Hydroquinone, Sodium Sulfite, Acetone, Formaldehyde, Pyridine), Formic Acid | Dieterle Method
🗑
|
||||
| Spirochetes, bacteria = Brown to black Background = Pale yellow or tan | Dieterle Method
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing legionella organisms | Dieterle Method, Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Uranyl Nitrate, Silver Nitrate, Reducing Solution (Gum Mastic, Hydroquinone, Absolute Alcohol) | Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Spirochetes = Dark brown to black H Pylori - Dark Brown to black Legionella = Dark Brown to Black Other nonfilamentous bacteria = Dark Brown to Black Background = Light Yellow | Steiner and Steiner
🗑
|
||||
| Produced in tissue during processing and most commonly result from fixation. | Artifact pigment
🗑
|
||||
| List exogenous pigments | Carbon, asbestos fibers, tattoo pigments, metals
🗑
|
||||
| List endogenous pigments that are hematogenous | Hemoglobin, hemosiderin, biliverden and Hematoidin.
🗑
|
||||
| List endogenous pigments that are nonhematogenous and lipidic | Lipofuscin and ceroid
🗑
|
||||
| List endogenous pigments that are nonhematogenous and nonlipidic | Melanin
🗑
|
||||
| Has the ability to be impregnated by silver, but cannot reduce silver to a visible metallic form. | Argyrophil
🗑
|
||||
| Has the ability to both be impregnated with silver and to reduce silver. | Argentaffin
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of ferric iron | Prussian Blue Stain
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing ferric iron | Prussian Blue Stain
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Potassium Ferrocyanide, Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Nuclear Fast Red | Prussian Blue Stain
🗑
|
||||
| Nuclei and hemofuchsin = Bright Red Hemosiderin = Blue Background = Pink | Prussian Blue Stain
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of ferrous iron | Turnbull Blue
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing ferrous iron | Turnbull Blue
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Hydrochloric Acid, Potassium Ferricynaide, Acetic Acid, Nuclear Fast Red | Turnbull Blue
🗑
|
||||
| Ferrous Iron = Blue Background = Pink-red | Turnbull Blue
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of melanin | Schmorl Technique, Fontana-Masson
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing melanin or argentaffin granules | Schmorl Technique
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Ferric Chloride, Potassium Ferricyanide, Mayer Mucincarmine, Metanil Yellow | Schmorl Technique
🗑
|
||||
| Reducing substances = Blue-green Goblet cells, mucin = Rose Background = Yellow-green | Schmorl Technique
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of formalin pigment | Schmorl Technique
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of argentaffin granules | Schmorl Technique, Fontana-Masson
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Skin, small intestine or appendix | Fontana-Masson
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Fontana Silver, Gold Chloride, Sodium Thiosulfate, Nuclear Fast Red | Fontana-Masson
🗑
|
||||
| Melanin = Black Argentaffin granules = Black Nuclei = Pink | Fontana-Masson
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of argyrophil granules | Grimelius, Churukian-Schenk
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Argyrophil-positive carcinoid tumor preferred. Small intestine satisfactory. | Grimelius, Churukian-Schenk
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Acetic Acid, Sodium Acetate, Acetic Acid-Sodium Acetate Buffer, Reducing Solution (Hydroquinone, Sodium Sulfite), Nuclear Fast Red | Grimelius
🗑
|
||||
| Argentaffin Granules = Dark brown to black Argyrophil Granules = Dark brown to black Nuclei = Red Background = Pale yellow-brown | Grimelius
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Citric Acid, Acidified Water, Silver Nitrate, Reducing Solution (Sodium Sulfite, Hydroquinone), Nuclear Fast Red | Churukian-Schenk
🗑
|
||||
| Argyrophil granules = Black Argentaffin granules = Black Nuclei = Red Background = Yellow-Brown | Churukian-Schenk
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of Urates | Gomori Methenamine-Silver
🗑
|
||||
| Absolute alcohol required. | Gomori Methenamine-Silver
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing urates | Gomori Methenamine-Silver
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Methenamine Solution, Sodium Borate, Sodium Thiosulfate, Light Green | Gomori Methenamine-Silver
🗑
|
||||
| Urates = Black Background = Blue-green | Gomori Methenamine-Silver
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of bilirubin | Hall
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing bile | Hall
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Ferric Chloride, Fouchet Reagent, van Gieson | Hall
🗑
|
||||
| Bile or bilirubin = Emerald green to olive drab Background = Yellow | Hall
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of calcium | Von Kossa, Alizarin Red S
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing calcium | Von Kossa, Alizarin Red S
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Silver Nitrate, Sodium Thiosulfate, Nuclear Fast Red | Von Kossa
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium salts = Black Background = Red | Von Kossa
🗑
|
||||
| Alcoholic Formalin or 10% NBF | Alizarin Red S
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Alizarin Red S | Alizarin Red S
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium deposits = Orange-red | Alizarin Red S
🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration of copper | Rhodanine
🗑
|
||||
| Control: Tissue containing copper | Rhodanine
🗑
|
||||
| Reagents: Rhodanine Solution, Mayer Hematoxylin, Sodium Borate | Rhodanine
🗑
|
||||
| Copper = Bright red to red yellow Nuclei = Light Blue | Rhodanine
🗑
|
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