7th Grade PASS Review
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| show | The belief that a country builds up its power by building up its supply of gold and silver. If a country could not obtain gold and silver in colonies, it used the natural resources to create goods to trade for gold.
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| show | Compass: indicates direction
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| Astrolabe | show 🗑
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| show | Protection
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| Direct Rule | show 🗑
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| Indirect Rule | show 🗑
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| show | A colony established to grow cash crops such as sugar, tobacco and indigo. Britain set these up in North American south and Spain and Portugal created in islands
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| Settler Colony | show 🗑
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| show | Colony established to support trade between the mother country and the region. The French and Dutch created these in North America. Portugal was the first to create these in Asia
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| Middle Passage | show 🗑
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| Triangular Trade | show 🗑
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| show | An economic system where individuals own and invest their money in businesses with the goal of making a profit
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| show | Economic system based on private ownership of resources and production that is driven by profit. People make the decisions.
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| Market | show 🗑
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| Natural Resource | show 🗑
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| Favorable Balance of Trade | show 🗑
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| show | Restraints are placed upon the power and authority of a government. Example, a negative constitution states what the government can not do
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| show | No restraints are placed on the authority of the government. Individual rights are curbed. Includes tyranny, totalitarian and authoritarian
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| Totalitarian Government | show 🗑
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| Constitution | show 🗑
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| show | Bloodless revolution in England to end Catholic monarchy; William and Mary signed English Bill of Rights beginning constitutional monarchy
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| English Bill of Rights | show 🗑
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| show | Intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th Centuries; applied reason to the human condition.
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| show | Enlightenment idea that government was created as an agreement between social groups as a way of structuring themselves in a mutually beneficial way
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| Separation of Powers | show 🗑
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| Scientific Revolution | show 🗑
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| show | Created by Copernicus; sun is the center of the Universe; challenged the Church's belief in the geocentric theory (earth is the center)
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| show | When one group has to pay an unfair portion of the taxes; in the French Revolution the 3rd Estate paid most of the taxes while the clergy and nobles had most of the wealth
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| show | When the Estates General would not agree to one-man-one vote, giving the 3rd Estate more power, the 3rd Estate left and vowed not to leave the tennis court until a new constitution was written for France
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| show | Beginning of the French Revolution
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| Congress of Vienna | show 🗑
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| Industrial Revolution | show 🗑
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| show | Law in England that allowed land owners to fence in and create large farms forcing small farmers off the land and into the cities; created a surplus of food; made workers available for factory jobs
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| show | People moved from the country where they farmed to the city to find factory jobs. Early factories were built in existing cities near water sources
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| Factors of Production | show 🗑
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| show | Restoration of the Meiji Dynasty to the throne in Japan; beginning of industrialization in Japan; improved transportation, education and communication
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| show | A line of workstations in which workers do one specific job to create a product as the product is moved down the line
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| Interchangeable Parts | show 🗑
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| show | Organization joining workers together to negotiate with factory owners; most powerful weapon is the strike (workers don't go to work)
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| show | Business in the home where goods were hand-made prior to the industrial revolution
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| Nationalism | show 🗑
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| Imperialism | show 🗑
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| Feudalism | show 🗑
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| show | During Age of Imperialism, belief the Western Society (white Europeans) were better than Africans and Asians
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| Scramble for Africa | show 🗑
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| Monroe Doctrine | show 🗑
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| show | US assisted Cuba in fight for independence from Spain; began when US said Spanish mine blew up the USS Maine; US wanted to protect economic interests in Cuba
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| show | Newspapers use sensational and competitive headlines to gain readers; encouraged Americans to support the Spanish-American War
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| show | Added to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the US would be an international police power in the Western Hemisphere to prevent Europe from taking advantage of countries
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| Zulu War | show 🗑
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| show | Indian troops rebelled against British rulers due to the use of pig and cow grease on cartridges, which went against their Hindu and Muslim beliefs; Indians lost
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| show | The Society of the Harmonious Fists tried to rid China of foreign influence by killing Christians and foreigners; lost and China lost more land to foreigners
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| Isolationism | show 🗑
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| show | A monarchy under which kings and queens rule under the limits of the basic law; began in England after Glorious Revolution and in France after Tennis Court Oath
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| Russo-Japanese War | show 🗑
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| Militarism | show 🗑
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| show | Agreement between nations to aid and protect each other: Cause of WWI; increased likelihood of world war because all allied countries would have to join in one country were attacked/invaded
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| show | Creating mass produced weapons in factories; mechanical weapons in WWI, such as the machine gun, led to increased loss of life
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| show | Alliance prior to WWI; included Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
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| Triple Entente | show 🗑
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| Allied Powers | show 🗑
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| Central Powers | show 🗑
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| show | Russians overthrew Czar Nicholas II due to high taxes, poor working conditions and lack of political expression
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| show | Revolt by the working class following the Russian Revolution; Lenin came to power; Russia became the USSR/Soviet Union and communist; Russia pulled out of World War I
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| show | The Great War, began when Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungary throne was assassinated in Bosnia; The Allied Powers won and Germany signed the war guilt clause
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| show | Economic and political system in which the government owns all of the factors of production and the people share equally in the profits
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| Socialism | show 🗑
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| show | Telegram in which Germany encouraged Mexico to attack US to get back land in an effort to keep US out of World War I; partial reason US entered WWI
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| show | German use of U-boats to sink any ships, including merchant and passenger, during WWI. When Germany broke the Sussex Pledge to stop, US entered war
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| Treaty of Versailles | show 🗑
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| Fourteen Points | show 🗑
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| League of Nations | show 🗑
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| show | Worldwide economic downturn; high inflation and unemployment
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| show | Totalitarian government created in both Italy and Germany after WWI; allowed for private property and businesses and social classes but few personal freedoms
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| show | Policy of Great Britain and France to give in to Hitler's demands prior to WWII to prevent war; did not work
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| show | Agreement between Germany and Soviet Union that they would not invade each other and would split Poland prior to WWII; Germany broke pact during WWII and was defeated
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| show | Manmade channel connecting Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea; allowed access to Middle East oil and aided trade so that Europeans could reach Asia without going around Africa
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| show | Japanese attack on US base in Hawaii due to US oil embargo placed on Japan; brought US into WWII; US defeated Japan
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| show | World war between Axis and Allied Powers; began when Hitler went against the Munich Pact and broke the Treaty of Versailles by invading Poland
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| show | US policy in the WWII Pacific Theory to take each island individually until the US was close enough to attack Japan
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| show | US laws attempting to keep US out of future wars after WWI; US would not sell weapons to countries at war and restricted American travel on foreign ships
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| show | The systematic mass murder of Jews and many other groups by Nazis during World War II; Final Solution=concentration camps
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| Nuremberg Laws | show 🗑
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| Yalta Conference | show 🗑
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| Truman Doctrine | show 🗑
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| Marshall Plan | show 🗑
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| show | North Atlantic Treaty Organization-military alliance during Cold War between the US, Canada and Western European countries; would help each other if the Soviet Union invaded
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| show | Military alliance during the Cold War between Communist countries in response to NATO; communist countries would aid each other in the event of invasion
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| European Economic Community | show 🗑
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| show | Term created by Winston Churchill; line between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe
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| Korean War | show 🗑
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| show | Dividing line between Communist North Korea and Democratic South Korea
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| Domino Theory | show 🗑
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| show | Hot extension of Cold War between Ho Chi Minh-led Communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam; began when French tried to reclaim Indochina colony; French pulled out but US continued to fight
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| show | Mao's efforts to collectivize farms and industrialize communist China; huge failure, mass starvation and inferior products created
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| Cultural Revolution | show 🗑
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| 17th Parallel | show 🗑
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| show | Alliance during World War II between Germany, Italy and Japan; Axis Powers lost when both Germany and Japan surrendered unconditionally
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| show | Strong desire for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
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| show | After World War I, the League of Nations governed territories in the Middle East but allowed member nations to run them; Palestine was a British mandate
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| show | In 1979, Egypt agreed to recognize Israel as a country and
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| Oslo Peace Accords | show 🗑
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| Indian National Congress | show 🗑
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| Berlin Wall | show 🗑
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| show | New policy of openness in the Soviet Union; allowed for freedom of speech and dissent or criticism of government; began by Gorbachev in the 1980s
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| Perestroika | show 🗑
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| Shock Therapy | show 🗑
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| Global Economy | show 🗑
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| show | International agreement to reduce greenhouse gases emitted by each country
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| show | The UN; created after WWII to maintain peace; member countries must get UN permission to invade; has a military and raises money through dues
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| Declaration of Human Rights | show 🗑
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| show | Brutal system of segregation in effect in South Africa until the 1990s; White Afirkaaners (former Boers) wanted to maintain power by discriminating against black Africans
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| Women's Suffrage | show 🗑
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| show | Moving from one country to another due to political oppression, drought, natural disaster or in search of work
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| show | North American Free Trade Agreement; eliminates tariffs/taxes on imports between the United States, Canada and Mexico
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| show | OPEC embargoed (refused to trade oil) to protest the US support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War
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| show | When fertile land turns into desert because land is overplanted or overgrazed
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| show | Clearing of forests to provide more farmland, firewood and timber for a growing population, which has caused plants, animals and insects to lose their habitat
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| show | Occurs when gases trap solar energy in the form of heat, the same way that a greenhouse for plants does
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| Palestinian Liberation Organization | show 🗑
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| show | In 1962, US spy planes discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba; the US blockaded Cuba to prevent the USSR from sending more; USSR removed missiles and US agreed not to invade Cuba
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| Global Communication | show 🗑
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| Arms Race | show 🗑
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| Space Race | show 🗑
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| show | No real fighting takes places but tensions are so high that war could break out at any moment; the US and the USSR had a Cold War after WWII
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| show | In war, the area in which action between the two sides takes place; WWI was fought on two fronts using trench warfare
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| show | Crops grown with the intent of exporting them to generate cash as opposed to staple crops which produce food needed locally; plantation colonies were created to produce cash crops
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| show | Domination or control of many countries that may be culturally different by one, strong nation; occurs during colonization and imperialism
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| show | Eastern European countries occupied by the USSR after WWII that become communist
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| show | A nation that has not industrialized
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| Revolution | show 🗑
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| show | Use of force or threats to demoralize, intimidate or subjugate; used as a political weapon to try to force a government to give in to demands
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| show | A person who flees their home or country in times or war, natural disaster, or political or religious persecution
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| show | WMD-nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that can kill a large number of people at one time
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| Exploration | show 🗑
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| Expansion | show 🗑
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| Balfour Declaration | show 🗑
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| Trade | show 🗑
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| show | In a free market, supply (quantity of product) and demand (how many people want product) will determine quality and price; high demand and low supply will increase price
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| Scientific Method | show 🗑
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| Unification | show 🗑
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| Realpolitick | show 🗑
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| Haitian Revolution | show 🗑
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| Mexican Revolution | show 🗑
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| show | Led by Bolivar, drove out the Spanish in South America and created the short-lived Gran Colombia; broke into smaller countries due to lack of leadership
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| Open Door Policy | show 🗑
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| show | A territorial area where a weaker country can only trade with one stronger country; In China, Great Britain and other European countries maintained spheres of influence leading to Boxer Rebellion
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| Black Friday | show 🗑
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| Containment | show 🗑
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| show | Invasion of Nazi-held France on the beaches of Normandy by Allied Forces; beginning of the Allies' win on the western front in WWII
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| show | In Latin American social class, highest level; people from the mother country who control the government and military and own the land
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| Mestizo | show 🗑
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| show | In Latin American social class; second highest level; people born in the colony but of the heritage of the mother country; could not hold political office but could own land and be an officer in military
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| show | Book written by Karl Marx, explains socialism and the belief that the proletariat (oppressed workers) would overthrow the bourgeoisie (factory owners)
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| show | Created by James Watt; used coal to heat water to boiling to run engines; improved transportation and allowed factories to be built anywhere because they did not need to be water-powered
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| show | Example of appeasement; Great Britain and France agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia if Hitler would agree not to invade any other land
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| show | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries-coordinates policies among oil-producing countries; embargoed oil to US in 1973 when US supported Israel in Yom Kippur War
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| Embargo | show 🗑
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| European Union | show 🗑
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| Absolute Monarchy | show 🗑
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| show | Political body consisting of all the estates in France; king Louis XVI called them to meet in 1789 prior to the French Revolution; 3rd Estate was unfairly taxed and left to form the National Assembly
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| show | Purchasing stocks (a portion of a company) on credit, hoping the price will rise and the stock can be sold for a profit before the loan comes due; major cause of the Great Depression
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | show 🗑
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| Declaration of Independence | show 🗑
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| Genocide | show 🗑
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| show | A person who takes the risk of organizing and operating their own business; uses their own money and keeps the profits in a capitalist economy
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| Islam | show 🗑
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| show | Religion founded in Middle East; after the Holocaust, Jews wanted a homeland (Zion promised by God); the UN voted to create Israel, which displaced hundreds of thousands of mostly Muslim Palestinians
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| Hinduism | show 🗑
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| show | Wars between China and Great Britain because Great Britain refused to quit trading in the addictive drug, opium, weakening China; Great Britain won
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| Trench Warfare | show 🗑
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