Stack #187405
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| which sulcus divides frontal and parietal lobes | central sulcus
🗑
|
||||
| brain is made up of | cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| purpose of having folding of cortex | pack as much neuroglial cell as possible
🗑
|
||||
| rostral is | anterior
🗑
|
||||
| caudal is | posterior
🗑
|
||||
| anterior also called | rostral
🗑
|
||||
| posterior also called | caudal
🗑
|
||||
| efferent leave spinal cord via | ventral root
🗑
|
||||
| afferent enter spinal cord via | dorsal root
🗑
|
||||
| soma of afferent sensory neuron located in | dorsal root ganglion
🗑
|
||||
| soma of efferent motor neuron located in | ventral horn
🗑
|
||||
| afferent and efferent neurons connected in the spinal cord by | interneurons
🗑
|
||||
| sensory receptor is ussually | cation channels
🗑
|
||||
| convergence of neuron | many neurons feeding into a single neuron
🗑
|
||||
| divergence of neuron | single neuron branching and feeding into many neurons
🗑
|
||||
| postsynaptic density is | sites on post synaptic neuron where receptors for neurotransmitters are located
🗑
|
||||
| sites on post synaptic neuron where receptors for neurotransmitters are located | postsynaptic density
🗑
|
||||
| most common excitatory neurotransmitter is | gluatmate
🗑
|
||||
| ACh binds to what | nicotinic receptor
🗑
|
||||
| nicotinic receptor function | Na+ Ca2+ in, K+ out => EPP (end plate potential) =>depolarization => AP
🗑
|
||||
| how many EPSP need to stimulate 1 muscle fiber | 1
🗑
|
||||
| glutamatergic receptor causes | depolarization by letting Na+ in and K+ out
🗑
|
||||
| relationship between conductance and permeability | high permeability means high conductance
🗑
|
||||
| relationship between resistance and conductance | high conductance means low resistance
🗑
|
||||
| how many AP needed to generate an AP in muscle | 1
🗑
|
||||
| GABA receptor causes | hyperpolarization by letting in Cl-
🗑
|
||||
| glycinergic causes | hyperpolarization by letting in Cl-
🗑
|
||||
| temporal summatoion | inputs from same presynaptic neurons
🗑
|
||||
| spatial summation | inputs from different presynatptic neurons
🗑
|
||||
| major excitatory trasmitter in CNS | glutamate
🗑
|
||||
| glutamate receptors | NMDA, AMPA, Kainate
🗑
|
||||
| too much glutamate released in CNS could cause | brain injury (stroke)
🗑
|
||||
| major cortical inhibitory trasmitter | GABA
🗑
|
||||
| GABA receptors | GABA(A), GABA(B)
🗑
|
||||
| GABA could cause | epilepsy
🗑
|
||||
| ACh receptors | nicotinic, muscarinic
🗑
|
||||
| ACh could cause | alzheimer
🗑
|
||||
| glycine receptors | glycine
🗑
|
||||
| glycine could cause | spasticity in spinal cord => cramps
🗑
|
||||
| major spinal inhibitory transmitter is | glycine
🗑
|
||||
| excitatory peptides are | substance p, TRH
🗑
|
||||
| inhibitory peptides are | endogenous, opioid
🗑
|
||||
| ionotropic receptor | binding of transmitter causes opening of the gate
🗑
|
||||
| metabotropic | binding of transmitter causes indirect opening of the gate via second messenger cascade
🗑
|
||||
| GPCR has how many subunits | 7
🗑
|
||||
| effector ion channel in cAMP induced depolarization is | S-type K+ channel, the gate closes in response to getting phosphorylated by PKA
🗑
|
||||
| nicotinic metabotropic or ionotropic | ionotropic
🗑
|
||||
| muscarinic metabotropic or ionotropic | metabotropic
🗑
|
||||
| for ACh mediated EPSP fast EPSP due to | nicotinic channel
🗑
|
||||
| for ACh mediated EPSP slow EPSP due to | (muscarinic) M-type K+ channel being closed.
🗑
|
||||
| nicotine can bind to | only nicotinic receptor
🗑
|
||||
| muscarine can bind to | only muscarinic receptor
🗑
|
||||
| antagonist of nicotinic receptor | curare
🗑
|
||||
| curare | antagonist of nicotinic receptor
🗑
|
||||
| atropine | antagonist of muscarinic receptor
🗑
|
||||
| antagonist of muscarinic receptor | atropine
🗑
|
||||
| AMPA binds to | AMPA receptor
🗑
|
||||
| NMDA binds to | NMDA receptor
🗑
|
||||
| antagonist of AMPA receptor | CNQX
🗑
|
||||
| antagonist of NMDA receptor | APV
🗑
|
||||
| antagonist of Kainate receptor | CNQX
🗑
|
||||
| CNQX | antagonist of AMPA and kainate receptor
🗑
|
||||
| APV | antagonist of NMDA receptor
🗑
|
||||
| CNQX | antagonist of Kainate and AMPA receptor
🗑
|
||||
| NMDA can bind | glycine, glutamate, NMDA (paradox because here glycine is an excitatory transmitter)
🗑
|
||||
| NDMA receptor when activated causes | Ca2+ , Na+ in and K+ out => depol
🗑
|
||||
| AMPA receptor when activated causes | Na+ in, K+ out => depol
🗑
|
||||
| Kainate receptor when activated causes | Na+ in, K+ out
🗑
|
||||
| difference between NMDA and non-NMDA receptors | in non-NMDA, Ca2+ not involved.
🗑
|
||||
| which glutamate receptor is metabotropic and which is ionotropic | all ionotropic, except for glutamate induced G protein
🗑
|
||||
| axo-axonal synapse usually mediate | presynaptic inhibition
🗑
|
||||
| glutamate induced stimulation of G protein | activate PLC, PIP2 -> DAG + IP3, IP3 binds to IP3 receptor.
🗑
|
||||
| IP3 binding to IP3 receptor causes | release of Ca2+ into cytosol
🗑
|
||||
| GABA(A) ionotropic or metabotropic | ionotropic
🗑
|
||||
| GABA(B) ionotropic or metabotropic | metabotropic
🗑
|
||||
| GABA(A) causes (in axo-aoxonal synapse) | open Cl- channels.
🗑
|
||||
| GABA(B) causes (in axo-aoxonal synapse) | open K+ channels + block volt gated Ca2+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| endorphines excitatory or inhibitory | inhibitory, block afferent pain fiber by blocking Ca2+ channel or opening K+ channel
🗑
|
||||
| analgesia | axoaxonal inhibition which minimizes pain
🗑
|
||||
| different axons of skin in decreasing diameter | Aalpha, Abeta, Adelta, C
🗑
|
||||
| different axons of muscles in decreasing diameter | Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV
🗑
|
||||
| information from spinal cord must pass through __ in order to get to the cortex | thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| somatosensory pathway for crude touch, pain or temperature | skin -> dorsal horn -> (synapse) -> cross over
-> thalamus (2nd synapse) -> to cortex (diffuse projection)
🗑
|
||||
| relay nuclei for sensory inputs | thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| somatosensory pathway for fine touch, proprioception | skin -> pons (epsilateral side) -> (synapse) -> cross over -> thalamus -> (2nd synapse) -> to cortex (somatotopic projection)
🗑
|
||||
| gracilis | fibers from lower body
🗑
|
||||
| cuneatus | fibers from upper body
🗑
|
||||
| definition of diffuse projection and what somatosensory pathway it is found in | somatosensory neuron projects onto the cortex in a diffused manner (to non-specific region). found in path for pain or temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| definition of somatotopic projection and what somatosensory pathway it is found in | somatosensory neuron gets projected to a specific region in the cortex. found in path for fine touch, proprioception
🗑
|
||||
| pyramidal pathway is | pre-motor neuron taking info from motor cortex to spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| MRI records activity of brain by | measuring the distribution and energy states of protons
🗑
|
||||
| positron emission tomography (PET) | measures neuronal activity in brain via an increased cerebral blood flow due to increased oxygen demand.
🗑
|
||||
| hearing words stimulates | temporal region
🗑
|
||||
| seeing words stimulates | occipital region
🗑
|
||||
| speaking words stimulates | the motor cortex on frontal
🗑
|
||||
| generating words stmimulates | frontal
🗑
|
||||
| in EEG(electroencephalogram), apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons receive inputs from | thalamus.
🗑
|
||||
| in EEG what is closer to the surface, apical dendrite or axon | apical dendrite
🗑
|
||||
| excitatory input from thalamus (eg. glutamate) causes | EPSP in apical dendrites
🗑
|
||||
| how is EEG measured? | by measuring change in voltage in extracellulr space in brain, in response to inputs from thalamus.
(eg. excitatory input from thalamus => depol at apical dendrites => extracellular becomes negative)
🗑
|
||||
| negative EEG means | excitatory input from thalamus to pyramidal neuron
🗑
|
||||
| alpha rhythm during | relaxed state, preparing to go to sleep
🗑
|
||||
| beta rhythm during | alert
🗑
|
||||
| if a person is relaxed then you would see __ in EEG | alpha rhythm
🗑
|
||||
| a person has tumor so you would see __ in EEG | delta wave (delta wave also for sleeping infants)
🗑
|
||||
| if a person is alert then you would see __ in EEG | beta rhythm
🗑
|
||||
| part of limbic system involved in emootion | hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| front part of hippocampus called | amygdala
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
honghee
Popular Physiology sets