JAHKMLHS C16 Issues of the Gilded Age
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| poll tax | This action had the effect of disenfranchising many blacks as well as poor whites because a payment was a prerequisite for voting.
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| debt peonage | This was a system in which workers were tied to their jobs until they paid off money they owed to their employer.
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| NAACP | This organization has worked primarily through the American legal system to fulfill its goals of full suffrage and other civil rights, and an end to segregation and racial violence.
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| Plessy v. Ferguson | In this Supreme Court decision the court ruled that “separate but equal” facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.
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| lynching | This type of action refers to the murder of an individual, usually by hanging, without a legal trial.
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| W. E. B. Du Bois | In 1905 this man, together with several others, adopted the resolutions which led to the founding of the Niagara Movement. This man stated "We want full manhood suffrage and we want it now.... We are men! We want to be treated as men. And we shall win."
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| Ida B. Wells | This person investigated fraudulent charges given as reason to lynch black men and wrote three pamphlets about legalized murder in the south.
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| grandfather clause | This concept written into many state constitutions limited voting to those who had voted or had a male relative who voted before January 1, 1867.
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| Las Gorras Blancas | This was a terrorist group that cut holes in barbed-wire fences and burned houses of large ranch owners.
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| racial etiquette | This term refers to the strict rules (often unwritten) of behavior governing social and business interactions between African-Americans and whites.
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| Jim Crow law | This was a piece of legislation that enforced segregation, especially in the south.
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| Booker T. Washington | His “Atlanta Compromise” promised that if southern state governments would fund mechanical, technical, and agricultural for blacks, they would be content to remain in their place.
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| Ida B. Wells | This person refused to leave a segregated first-class railroad car and won a lawsuit against the company; however, the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned that decision in 1887.
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| spoils system | This was the practice of awarding government jobs to faithful party workers with little regard for their qualifications.
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| William McKinley | This man was elected President when he defeated William Jennings Bryan. He believed that the gold standard was the key to the nation’s prosperity.
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| Populist Party | Populist Party This political group was a coalition of farmers, labor leaders, and reformers who claimed to speak for the common people rather than the ruling elite.
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| James A. Garfield | This President, a former Ohio Senator, was assassinated after only four months in office. He was killed in the waiting room of the Baltimore and Potomac railroad station as he was about to leave Washington, D. C., for a 25th class reunion.
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| Pendelton Civil Service Act | This legislation instituted examinations to appoint people to government work based on merit rather than patronage. The legislation also established the United States Civil Service Commission to administer federal government employment.
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| Chester A. Arthur | This President angered his old friends and surprised his former critics in signing the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act and enforcing it.
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| Grange | This was the first major farmers’ organization and campaigned to unite farmers from across the nation.
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| Charles Guiteau | This man became the second “assassinator” of a President. He claimed that the President would not give him a diplomatic job and that the President was going to wreck the Republican party.
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| Chester A. Arthur | This President who signed the first act to exclude an ethnic group from immigrating into the United States.
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| Booker T. Washington | This man believed that Americans would be willing to accept hard-working African Americans as equal citizens.
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| Grover Cleveland | This President is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms.
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| William Jennings Bryan | This man gave his “cross of gold” speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention.
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| Benjamin Harrison | This President at the time of the first billion dollar Congress was the grandson of the “hero” of Tippecanoe.
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| Oliver H. Kelley | This man created an organization known as the “Patrons of Husbandry” which called for regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates.
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| Coxey’s Army | This was the first significant protest march on Washington, D. C.
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