US His Final Sem 1
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| Founder of Standard Oil Company | John D. Rockefeller
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| Steel King | Andrew Carnegie
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| Divided reservation land into private family plots | Dawes Act
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| Laws passed in southern states that separated blacks and whites | Jim Crow
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| Political party formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply, regulation of railroads, secret ballots, direct election of senators, and a graduated income tax | Populist Party
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| Complete control over an industry by one person or company | Monopoly
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| Movement of people from one area to another, sometimes one country to another | Immigration
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| Push factors | Religious persecution, war and mandatory military service, economic hardship, lack of jobs
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| Pull factors | Religious freedom, political freedom,affordable land, jobs
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| Deportation | Forced to leave the country
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| Plessy V. Ferguson | "Separate but equal"
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| Sharecropping | A farmer tends some portion of a planter's land and receives a share of the crop as payment
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| Progressivism | The belief that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice
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| Tenement | Multi-story building divided into apartments to house several families, often in unsanitary conditions
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| Ellis Island | Location of immigration station that people from Europe passed through in New York Harbor to enter United States
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| Angel Island | Location of immigration station that people from Asia passed through in San Francisco Bay. to enter the United States
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| Settlement house | Community center organized to provide social services to the urban poor at the turn of the twentieth century
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| Muckracker | Writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business
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| "The Jungle" | Written by Upton Sinclair, exposed the atrocities of the meat packing business
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| NAWSA | National American Woman Suffrage Association-Group that worked both on state and national levels to earn women the right to vote
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| Leader of NAWSA | Carrie Chapman Catt
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| Method used by NAWSA to fight for suffrage | Some lobbied Congress to pass a constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote, others used the referendum process to try to pass state suffrage laws
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| NWP | National Women's Party
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| Leader of National Women's Party | Alice Paul
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| Methods used by NWP to fight for sufferage | Women used public protest marches were they were arrested and would go on hunger strike while in jail, they were the first to picket outside the White House,
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| 19th Amendment | Gave women suffrage ( right to vote)
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| Views on segregation Booker T. Washington | He urged blacks to wait patiently, move slowly toward racial progress, work hard and wait.
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| Views on segregation W.E.B. DeBois | He urged blacks to demand immediate equal rights guaranteed by the Constitution
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| Square Deal | Pres. Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor
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| Sherman Anti-trust Act | Outlawed trusts and monopolies
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| Meat Inspection Act | Allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants
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| National Reclamation Act | Gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects
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| WCTU | Women's Christian Temperance Union
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| Coal miner's strike in Ludlow | Miners started a strike, then were evicted from their company owned homes next, they built a tent city, finally, Colorado National Guard opened fire on tent city & set fire to tents, Pres. Wilson sent federal troops to break up the strike ( many killed)
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| Imperialism | Political, military and economic domination of strong nation over weaker nations
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| Social Darwinism | Belief that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them
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| Steps to the Spanish American War | Cubans revolted against Spanish, Spanish destroyer American sugar plantations in Cuba, Americans sympathized with Cubans, Spanish blew up the USS Maine in Havana Harbor-angered US citizens, McKinley called for war
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| Spanish American War | Fighting took place in Philippines, Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet, and Philippine Nationalists fighting for their freedom defeated the Spanish Army, Spain surrendered to US
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| Treaty of Paris | Agreement signed by the US and Spain in 1898, which officially ended the Spanish-American War
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| China | Had a huge population which Britain, France, Germany, and Russia wanted to have the opportunity to sell their goods to. (Trade)
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| Spheres of Influence | Region dominated and controlled by an outside power
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| Open Door Policy | American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there
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| Seward's Folley | The purchasing of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
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| Imperialism in Cuba | Britain, France, Germany, and Russia divided China into areas where each country could trade their goods with the population, American wanted in, too.
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| Imperialism in Hawaii | White planters owned much of the land. The new Queen abolished laws that allowed US businesses to own Hawaiian land, Queen was ousted from her thrown, US sent marines to help rebels take power,Hawaii annexed to US
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| Imperialism in the Philippines | US took over Philippines when US troops landed on islands of Philippines, Spanish troops surrendered
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| Big Stick Policy | T. Roosevelt's policy of creating and using, when necessary, a strong military to achieve America's goals
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| Dollar Diplomacy | President Taft's policy of expanding American investments abroad
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| Moral Diplomacy | Woodrow Wilson's statement that the US would not use force to assert influence in the world, but would instead work to promote human rights
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| Panama Canal | Human made waterway linking the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Isthmus of Panama
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| Lusitania | British passenger liner sunk by a German U-boat during WWI
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| Selective Service Act | Authorized a draft of young men for military service
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| Allied Powers | Britain, France, Russia, Serbia
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| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
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| John J. Pershing | US commander of American troops in Europe during WW I
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| Influenza | Flu virus
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| Reparations | Process by which Mexican Americans were encouraged, or forced by local, state, and federal officials to return to Mexico during the 1930's
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| Espionage Act | Passed by Congress in 1917 making it illegal to engage in disloyal or treasonable activities against the United States
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| League of Nations | World organization established after WW I to promote peaceful cooperation between countries
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| Fourteen Points | List of terms for resolving WWI and future wars outlined by American Pres. Woodrow Wilson
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| 4 Causes of WW I | Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, other causes: Nationalism, Militarism, Imperialism, Mutual defense alliances
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| Weapons of WWI | Hand guns, machine guns, mortars, grenades, swords, bayonets, flame throwers, rifles
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| Nickname of the 1920's | Roaring 20's, age of Jazz
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| Assembly Line/Model T | Arrangement of equipment and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line until the product is assembled, make enough Models T's so could keep price low- affordable for most
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| Teapot Dome Scandal | Occurred during the Harding administration, The Secretary of the Interior leased government oil reserves to private oilmen in return for bribes
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| Prohibition | The US government forbid the manufacture, transport, and sale of alcohol
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| Reasons supporting Prohibition | It improved individuals, strengthened families, and created a better society, promoted better health
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| Reasons opposing Prohibition | Promoted organized crime, it did not stop people from drinking, created an atmosphere of hyprocrisy
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| 18th Amendment | Prohibited the manufacture, transport and sale of alcohol
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| 21st Amendment | Made the manufacture, transport and sale of alcohol legal
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| Flappers | Young women from the 1920's who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress
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| Scopes Trial | 1925 trial of Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in class
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| Organized Crime | Groups of bootleggers and criminals lead by a boss in sections of the US providing illegal contraband to those who wished to buy it, and fighting amongst themselves over which territory they controlled in which they sold their merchandise
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| Al Capone | Leader of mobsters/bootleggers in Chicago
also called Scar Face.
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| Bull Market | Period of rising stock prices
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| Buying stocks on Margin | The buyer of stocks pays a small percentage of the purchase price to a broker and pays the broker the rest of the stocks price back a little at a time over months.
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| Jazz | American musical form developed by African Americans, based on improvisation and blending blues, ragtime , and European-based popular music
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| Origin of Jazz | It originated in New Orleans during the Harlem Renaissance where different cultures and traditions came together created a new form of music.
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| Influence Jazz had on our society | It reminds us of the Roaring 20's, gangsters, illegal whisky, and speakeasies and night spots. It brought blacks and whites together to play music and listen to music and dance
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| Technological advancements for women | Electric vacuum cleaners, electric washing machines, electric irons, radio refrigerators
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| Great Depression | Period from 1929 to 1941, when the US economy faltered and unemployment soared
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| Causes of the Great Depression | The crash of the stock market and the run on banks caused a contraction in the money supply. There was not enough money to keep the economy going and the lack of government interference made matters worse.
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| Business Cycle | Periodic growth and contraction of the economy
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| Herbert Hoover | Became Pres. in 1929 at the beginning of the Great Depression. Believed in a hand off policy, he believed the government should not interfere with the economy. Periodic depressions were like storms,they could not be avoided,strong businesses would survive
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| Hoovervilles | Makeshift shanty-towns set up by homeless
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| The Great Crash | Describes the day 16 million stocks were sold and the stock market collapsed
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| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929, when stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash
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| Dust Bowl | Term used to describe the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930's when the region suffered from drought and dust storms
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| Okies | General term to describe Dust Bowl refugees during the Great Depression
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| Migrant Worker | Person who travels from farm to far, and sometimes from state to state, to pick fruit and vegetables
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| Trickle-down economics | Economic Theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers
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| Hoover Dam | A Reconstruction Finance Corporation project involving building a dam on the Colorado River to control water flow and bring needed employment to the people of living in the SW United States.
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Became Pres. of US in 1933, held office for 4 consecutive terms, died in office before 4th term began
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| Bank Holiday | The closing of banks all over the country for 4 days giving banks time to get their accounts in order before they reopened for business.
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| First New Deal | Focused on three goals, relief, recovery, and reform
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| FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- government agency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing that depositors' money will be safe
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| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority-government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control flooding and generate electric power
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| CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps - New Deal program that provided young men with relief jobs on environmental conservation projects, including reforestation and flood control
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| Second New Deal | Created Social Security to help elderly, programs to help poor, and unemployed, new public works projects, helped farmers, created laws to protect workers' rights
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| Social Security Act | Created pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance for works who lost their jobs, insurance for victims of work related accidents
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| Wagner Act | Recognized the right of workers to join labor unions and gave workers the right to collective bargaining
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| WPA | Works Progress Administration - New Deal program that provided jobs by funding projects to improve national highways, dredge rivers and harbors and promote soil and water conservation
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| Court Packing | Pres. Roosevelt tried to increase the number of supreme court justices from 9 to 15. He wanted to increase his presidential power by adding justices that backed his New Deal policies
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| Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 | Law that restored tribal control over Indian lands
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| FDR's effects on the Presidency | He expanded the number of departments in the Executive branch giving it more power thus increasing Roosevelt's influence over the nation, used the radio to develop a close relationship with the press and his citizens
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| Entertainment of the 1930's | Movies, radio, dancing at nightclubs,
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| Radio | Brought national and local news into every home, people could hear the latest music and listen to the Pres. latest monthly broadcast, They could listen to stories like the episodes of the Lone Ranger
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| Movies | Wizard of Oz, Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Frankenstein, Gone With The Wind, Mr. Smith Goes To Washington
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| Music | Like movies it provided a diversion from hard times. People would listen to big band music, Latin bands and folk songs on the Hit Parade and Make Believe Ballroom
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| Totalitarianism | Government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social and cultural lives of its people
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| Blitzkrieg | Lightening War
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| Appeasement policy purpose | To grant concessions to a potential enemy in the hope that it will maintain peace
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| Appeasement policy impact | Result was the fascist leaders became more bold, adventurous and aggressive - Hitler took over Austria and part of Czechoslovakia and kept pushing for more European land
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| Tripartite Pact | The document that Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in 1940 making them allies
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| Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, Japan
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| Allied Powers | Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States, China
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| Joseph Stalin | Leader of Russia
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| Adolf Hitler | Leader of Germany
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| Hitler's beliefs written in Mein Kampf | Contained explanations for the problems facing Germany, including criticism against communists and Jews
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| Tojo Hideki (Toe Jam) | Japanese prime minister of Japan during WWII
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| Benito Mussolini | Fascist leader of Italy
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Pres. of US during WWII
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| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain (England) during WWII
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| Japanese Expansion | They took over Manchuria, a region in NE China, establishing a puppet state so they could use Manchuria's natural resource to make items to fight the war
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| Neutrality Act of 1939 | Allowed nations to buy goods and arms in the United States if they paid cash and carried the merchandise on their own ships
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| Reasons why nations were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles at the end of WWI | Italy and Japan were bitter with the small amount of land they received in the settlement after WWI, Germany was angry because they were not allowed to raise and army
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| Reasons why US remained neutral in the beginning of WWII | The American people were opposed to getting involved in the war because of the economic issues still remaining in the US from the Great Depression
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| US support of WWII after 1940 | The US passed the Lend Lease Act allowing Pres.Roosevelt to sell, transfer, exchange, lease, lend any government property he thought necessary to defend the US
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| Attack on Pearl Harbor | Dec. 7, 1941
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| US economic situation after entering WWII | It ended the Great Depression and ushered in decades of economic growth, and redistributed wealth through the country. The driving force for all employment was the federal government.
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