histrory reconstruction test on 11-14-08
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| reconstruction what is it where is it why does it occur and what problems were there | After the war, the society, government and economy of the South was completely destroyed. Production was nearly halted Poverty and hunger were rampant Reconstruction means to rebuild the South and re-integrate it with Northern government, society and econ
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| Lincoln's reconstruction plan | Lincoln insisted that lenient terms of surrender be given to the South. He knew that a successful reconstruction would need to heal physical, economic and emotional wounds. In order for the country to proceed, grudges would have to die.He promised “mali
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| Wade-Davis Bill and Lincoln's reaction | The Wade-Davis Bill – gave 3 conditions for readmission: 1) a majority of voters must participate in creating the new gov’t. 2) Anyone who helped the Confederacy is not allowed to participate in state gov’t. 3) All Confederate officers above Lieutenant
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| 13th Amendment | Ratified in 1865 Made involuntary servitude illegal in all parts of the U.S. Allowed Congress to enforce this by “appropriate legislation”
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| The Freedman's Bureau what is it? what did it do? | Created by Congress in 1865 Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands The first major national social welfare program Designed to help displaced and poor whites and newly freed blacks Supplied food and medical services, built s
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| 5 major goals of freed blacks | Family – Many former slaves worked tirelessly to reunite with spouses and children with whom they had become separated. Because of help from the black community, many had success.Independence – blacks tried to move off of their former plantations and sep
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| Sharecropping what is it? what is the result? | Blacks wanted land but most could not afford it. This lead to many seeking rental arrangements.After the war, the South had little cash and few sources of credit. Also, few whites would rent to blacks.The Sharecropping system was developed, whereby blac
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| changes to the cotton market | During reconstruction, southerners focused their agriculture on cotton, a crop with a bright past and a dim future.During the Civil War, foreign countries stopped buying from the South and instead turned to Brazil, India and Egypt.The increased global sup
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| Andrew Johnson's reconstruction policies | Johnson was very lenient on everyday southerners.He pardoned many lower-ranking Confederates and supported a swift and easy path back to statehood for the south. All a state needed was a constitution that outlawed slavery and admitted that secession was
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| Black Codes | prevented blacks from certain jobs, from schooling, and forced them to carry passes, observe curfews, and live in restricted housing.
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| Southern Race Violence | aided by police, broke out in the south against blacks. Hundreds were killed and wounded and dozens of black schools and churches were destroyed.Congress responded to the violence and Johnson’s stubbornness with the 14th Amendment.
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| Congress vs. Johnson(attacks and counterattacks - vetoes and impeachment) | Congress passed a series of laws which limited presidential power:Congress could now call its own sessionsLimited Johnson’s control over the ArmyGave the Senate control over changes to the cabinetJohnson vetoes each of these billsEach veto is overturned b
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| 14th Amendment | Guaranteed equal citizenship and rights to all persons “born or naturalized” in the U.S.Barred any state from taking a person’s life, liberty or property without “due process” of lawStated that the U.S. would not pay back debts incurred by the Confederacy
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| The Reconstruction Act | This was the actual plan by which states could be admitted to the Union.The South was divided into 5 districts, each controlled by a Union General who preserved all rights guaranteed by the constitution.Allowed for re-admission once 1) all men over 21 (no
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| Land Redistribution | Senators Stevens and Sumner planned to redistribute confiscated confederate lands thusly:10% would go to freedmen in 40 acre plotsThe rest would be sold to pay Union soldiers’ pensions, compensate loyal southerners for damaged property and payment of fede
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| 15th Amendment | Forbade states from denying the right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”Purposely allowed states to restrict voting based on wealth, literacy, immigration and gender.Many northerners now called for an end to reconstru
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| election of 1876 and compromise of 1877 | Election of 1876 – Samuel Tilden (D) v. Rutherford Hayes (R).The election was very close, and the outcomes were disputed in Louisiana, Florida, South Carolina. There were accusations of fraud.Congress was deadlocked in finding a solution.Compromise of 18
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| Changes To The South During Reconstruction (Industrialization, Taxes, KKK, black suffrage) | Blacks vote in large numbers – some are even elected to state legislatures. Whites quickly resent this. (448)Many blacks are still held in bondage based on guardianship and apprentice laws.Whites try to prevent blacks from acquiring land in the south.Ind
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