The Roaring Twenties
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| American Civil Liberties Union | an organization founded in 1920 to defend Americans' rights and freedoms as given in the Constitution
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| anti-Semitism | Flip card anti-Semitismpolicies, views, and actions that discriminate against Jewish people
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| Back-to-Africa movement | a movement, led by Marcus Garvey during the 1910s and 1920s, that promoted the return of blacks living all over the world to Africa
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| civil liberties | a basic right guaranteed to individual citizens by law
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| communism | Flip card communisman economic or political system in which the state or the community owns all property and the means of production, and all citizens share the wealth
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| demobilization | the act of discharging forces from military service or use
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| Palmer Raids | conducted by J. Edgar Hoover at the instruction of Attorney General Mitchell Palmer, a series of unauthorized raids on homes, businesses, and meeting places of suspected subversives that resulted in many arrests, often without any evidence against them
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| quota system | Emergency Immigration Act of 1921 established a system limiting immigration to the U.S. by allowing no more immigrants from a country than 3% of the # of that country's residents living in the U.S. in 1910; the Immigration Act of 1924 reduced the quota 1%
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| radicalism | point of view favoring extreme change, especially in social or economic structure
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| recession | Flip card recessiona period in which there is a decline in economic activity and prosperity
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| First Red Scare | lasting from 1919 to 1920, a campaign launched by Mitchell Palmer and implemented by J. Edgar Hoover to arrest communists and other radicals who promoted the overthrow of the U.S. govt;
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| Sacco and Vanzetti trial | a controversial criminal trial in which Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted of robbery and murder and sentenced to death; many people believed that the defendants were prosecuted because they were anarchists
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| Dawes Plan | developed by banker Charles Dawes, a plan for Germany to repay reparations after World War I by receiving loans from the United States
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| disarmament | the process of reducing the number of weapons in a nation's arsenal or the size of its armed forces
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| Kellogg-Briand Pact | an agreement made among most nations of the world in 1928 to try to settle international disputes by peaceful means rather than war
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| normalcy | the concept of life as it was before World War I, when the nation could focus on its own domestic prosperity, which Republican candidate Warren G. Harding promoted during the 1920 presidential election campaign and which helped him win the presidency
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| speculators | a person who takes the risk of buying something in the hope of reselling it for a higher price
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| Teapot Dome Scandal | a political scandal in which U.S. secretary of the interior Albert Fall leased national oil reserves in Elk Hills, California, and Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to two companies that had bribed him
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| consumer culture | a culture that views the consumption of large quantities of goods as beneficial to the economy and a source of personal happiness
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| credit | an arrangement for buying something now with borrowed money and paying off the loan over time
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| Harlem Renaissance | era of heightened creativity among African American writers, artists, and musicians who gathered in Harlem during the 1920s
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| installment buying | an arrangement in which a buyer makes a down payment on a product and the seller loans the remainder of the purchase price to the buyer; the purchaser must pay back the loan over time, in monthly installments, or the seller can reclaim the product
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| Jazz Age | the era during the 1920s in which jazz became increasingly popular in the United States
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| Roaring Twenties | a nickname given to the 1920s because of the decade's prosperity, technological advances, and cultural boom
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| bootlegging | the production, transport, and sale of illegal alcohol
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| creationism | the belief that God created the universe
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| eugenics | the idea that the human species should be improved by permitting only people with characteristics judged desirable to reproduce
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| flappers | during the Roaring Twenties, a young woman who broke with traditional expectations for how women should dress and behave
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| fundamentalism | the belief that scripture should be read as the literal word of God and followed without question
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| modernist | a person who embraces new ideas, styles, and social trends
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| Scopes trial | a criminal trial that tested the constitutionality of a Tennessee law that banned the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution in schools; science teacher John Scopes was found guilty and fined for his conduct, leaving the Tennessee law intact
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| speakeasies | a secret club that sold alcohol during the era of prohibition
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| theory of evolution | developed by naturalist Charles Darwin in the mid-1800s, a scientific theory that all plants and animals, including humans, evolved from simpler forms of life over thousands or millions of years
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| traditionalist | a person who has deep respect for long-held cultural and religious values
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| Volstead Act | a law passed by Congress in 1919 to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
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