Extra Credit / Study Guide for Final
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| The Compromise of 1850 | a package of 5 separate bills passed in the US(Sep 1850) defused a 4yr confrontation between the slave states &free states about status of territories acquired during the Mex-Amer War (1846–1848).
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| Manifest Destiny | the 19th-century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory, God believed this
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| The Gold Rush | The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. All told, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad
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| Monroe Doctrine | a policy of u.s. opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the western hemisphere, announced by President Monroe in 1823
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| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the united states constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedoms
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| Articles of Confederation | a document, adopted by the second continental congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new United States
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| Life in the 1800s | People who could afford to move out of the cities moved into suburbs, it was difficult to find housing in cities, and city housing was often overcrowded, and unsanitary.
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| Farm life in the 1920s | After WWI, farmers experienced high surpluses, prices for farm goods fell, and many American farmers went into debt.
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| Imperialism | the policy of extending a nation's authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means
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| Gilded Age | An era when some Americans made a large amount money from industrial capitalism. These Americans were characterized by showy wealth, lavish parties, and huge mansions. It also was marked by political scandals and corruption.
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| Social Gospel Movement | a 19th-century reform movement based on belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty
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| Trail of Tears | marches in which the Cherokee people were forcibly removed from Georgia to the Indian Territory in 1838-1840, with thousands of the Cherokee dying on the way
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| Tammy Hall | famous political machine in New York
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| Political Corruption of the 1800s | Political Corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain.
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| Americanization Movement | education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture
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| Seneca Falls Convention | a women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848
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| Enlightenment | an intellectual movement that began in Europe, and the Great Awakening, a colonial religious movement, influenced people's thinking throughout the thirteen colonies
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| Industrialization | industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one.
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| Fourteen Points | the principles making up President Woodrow Wilson's plan for world peace following World War I
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| Great Compromise | suggested by Roger Sherman which offered a two-house Congress to satisfy both small and big states
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| Muckrakers | one of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s (progressive era)
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| Paparazzi | Paparazzi, are photographers who take pictures of athletes, entertainers, politicians, and other celebrities, usually while they are going about normal life routines.
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| Who drafted and brokered the compromise of 1850? | The compromise, drafted by Whig Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and brokered by Clay and Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas, reduced sectional conflict.
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| Political Machines | Term given to describe corrupt organizations where politicians would reward people who voted for them with jobs and work contracts.
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| Rehabilitation | The Soldiers Rehabilitation Act of 1918 introduced a new concept in disability support - not just money to live on, but training for the injured veterans as preparation for new jobs matching their "new" abilities.
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| Federalism | A political system in which a national government and constituent units, such as state governments, share power.
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| Trigger that began WWI | Causes. World War I was immediately precipitated by the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in 1914. There were, however, many factors that had led toward war.
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| Music movement in the 1920s | The Jazz Age was a feature of the 1920s (ending with The Great Depression) when jazz music and dance became popular.
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| Progressive Movement | An early-20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life.
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| Main ideas of the Federalist | Believed in a strong central government, did not believe the Bill of Rights was necessary, supported the new Constitution, wanted a large Republic, wanted to limit the power of the thirteen states
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| Main ideas of the Anti-Federalist | Opposed to a stronger central government, demanded a Bill of Rights, opposed to the new Constitution, wanted a small Republic, firmly supported the power of the thirteen states.
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| Harlem Renaissance | A flowering of African-American artistic creativity during the 1920s, centered in the Harlem community of New York City.
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| Allied Powers of WWI | The group of nations--originally consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia and later joined by the United States, Italy, and others--that opposed the Central Powers
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| Gilded Age | The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term was coined by writer Mark Twain, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding.
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| Year for Women to gain vote | Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote.
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| Prohibition Movement | The period from 1920-1933 during which the Eighteenth Amendment forbidding the manufacture and sale of alcohol was in force in the United States.
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| Laissez Faire | abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market
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| Robert E. Lee | Robert Edward Lee was an American soldier best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.
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| Factors that shaped the North's development | More substantial railroad system, larger population, produced more food, firearms, and iron, and had more factories.
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| What was the North called during the Civil War | Union
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| Checks and Balances | The provisions in the U.S. Constitution that prevent any branch of the U.S. government from dominating the other two branches.
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| "Supreme Law of the Land" | The Constitution
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| Reconstruction | The period immediately following the Civil War
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| Abarham Lincoln | 16th president from 1861-1865. Anti-Slavery. Was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
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| John Locke | Key Enlightenment thinker. English philosopher
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| Magna Carta | Originally issued in Latin. The Magna Carta influenced common and constitutional law, as well as political representation and the development of parliament. It's main ideals consisted of democracy, limitation of power, equality, and freedom under law
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| Hero Journalists | Journalists that help to tell the stories of great heroes
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| Advantages of south in civil war | 750,000 miles in size, confident and driven soldiers, first-rate generals, cotton sales
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| Advantages of north in civil war | Greater number of citizens, more factories, greater food production, more elaborate railroad system
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| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president from 1801-1809, wrote the final draft of the declaration of independence
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| 18th Amendment | Prohibition (1919), was repealed by amendment 21 in 1933
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| 19th Amendment | Woman Suffrage (1920), gave women the right to vote
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| 21st Amendment | Repeal of Prohibition (1933)
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| Volstead Act | Established a Prohibition Bureau in the Treasury Department in 1919 (unfunded)
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| Scopes Trial | A fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools
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| Sugar Act | A trade law enacted by Parliament in 1764 in an attempt to reduce smuggling in that British Colonies in North America
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| Intolerable Acts | American Patriots' name for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in throwing a large tea shipment into Boston harbor.
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| Unjustifiable acts | Acts that are not morally justifiable
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| Boston Tea Party | The dumping of 18,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor by colonists (disused as indians) in 1773 to protest the tea act
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| Federal Powers | Collect taxes
Regulate interstate commerce
Coin money, regulate currency, set standards of weights and measures
Declare war
Raise and maintain an army and navy
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| State Powers | “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people” 10th amendment - power to levy taxes, power to borrow money, power to charter corporations
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